CMOS and CCD are the two most popular types of image sensors. CMOS sensors use less power and operate at faster speeds than CCD sensors, but have higher noise levels. CCD sensors have lower noise but require more power and operate more slowly. Both sensor types convert light into electrical signals that are then processed into digital images. They are widely used in applications like digital cameras, video cameras, CCTV security cameras, and copiers.

1. IMAGE SENSOR
Team 5: Minh Nguyen & Linh Hoang Tuan
Advisor: Dr. Loan Pham Nguyen
Ha Noi, 3rd November 2015
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
School of Electronics and Telecommunications

2. CONTENTS
2
I
Introduction
II
CMOS Image Sensor
III
CCD Image Sensor
IV
Summary

3. I. INTRODUCTION
3
SLR Camera & Films DSLR Camera & Image Sensor
Source: Internet

4. I. INTRODUCTION
 The most popular image sensors types:
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
CCD (Charge Coupled Device)
4
 Brands: Toshiba, Fujifilm, Nikon, Kodak
Source: Internet Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor: chất bán dẫn kim loại ôxit bù

5. II. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 5
CMOS’s Architecture:
2 Technologies of CMOS Image Sensor

6. II. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 6
Operation in Photodiode & Circuit
1
Signal is integrated under PG
2
Floating diffusion (FD) is reset
FD Voltage sampled onto CR
3
Charge is transferred to FD
4
Voltage on FD sampled onto CS
5
Pixel data is driven onto differential
horizontal bus

7. II. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 7

8. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 8
• CCD = Charge Coupled Device
• converting light into electric
charge
• a device for the movement of
electrical charge
• shifting the signals between
stages one at a time
Charge Coupled Device: Linh kiện tích điện kép

9. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 9
George E. Smith and Willard Boyle, 2009
• 1969, Geoge Smith & Williard Boyle, the first CCD
• 1971, M.Tompsett, capturing images with simple linear devices
• 1975, Steven Sasson, the first digital camera using CCD
• Since 1983, collecting images in astronomy and the satellite’s camera
• 2009, Geoge Smith & Williard Boyle, Nobel Prize for Physics
Astronomy: thiên văn học; Satellite: vệ tinh

10. Source: Internet 10
Silicon needs 1.2 eV to release (e) from atomic lattice
Visible light has 1.6 to 3.4 eV available
III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Reverse Biased PN Photo Diode

11. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 11
Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor
1
32
Vertical shift register: thanh ghi dịch hàng dọc; Potential Well: giếng thế; Substrate: chất nền

12. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 12
Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor
Serial shift register: thanh ghi dịch theo chuỗi

13. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 13
Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor
Photodiode
Light strikes
the chip
A small electrical
charge in each
photo sensor
Voltage one pixel
Digital Signal
ADC

14. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 14
ROW
COLUMN
Electrons
shifted down
by carefully
timed voltages
on the CCD
chip electrodes
Electrons shifted out towards
amplifier and ADC
Principle of Operation of CCD Image Sensor

15. III. CCD IMAGE SENSOR
Source: Internet 15
The image processor takes the information from each CCD.
The true color pixels of the image is made by averaging the values
from the surrounding CCD’s
2D array

16. IV. SUMMARY
CCD Technology
 Virtue: Low noise
Space Applications
 Vice:
• High power
• Slow speed
• Non-standard manufacture
CMOS Technology
 Virtue:
• Low power
• Fast Speed
• “Easy” manufacture
 Vice: High Noise
Source: Internet 16

17. Photographic Cameras
IV. SUMMARY
CCD and CMOS have a wide range of applications:
Source: Internet 17
CCTV Cameras
Video Cameras Photocopiers Bar-code Readers

19. THANKSFOR YOUR LISTENING!