The document discusses different types of circuit protection devices including fuses, miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), and earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCBs). It provides details on how each device works, when they are used, and their advantages. MCBs are described as the most modern substitute for fuses, providing overload and short circuit protection. ELCBs are important safety devices that can prevent electric shock for installations with high earth impedance. The document includes diagrams of components inside an MCB and how an ELCB works.
Circuit Breakers for Low Voltage ApplicationsIsham Rashik
Features, Working principles, and differences of Miniature Circuit Breaker(MCB), Moulded Case Circuit Breaker(MCCB) and Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) are explained in basic terms.
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow.
Circuit Breakers for Low Voltage ApplicationsIsham Rashik
Features, Working principles, and differences of Miniature Circuit Breaker(MCB), Moulded Case Circuit Breaker(MCCB) and Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) are explained in basic terms.
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow.
It describes about the circuit breaker and components and types of high voltage circuit breaker. It also explains about the working principle of the circuit breaker.
Circuit BreakersA circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
Ceramic fuses are types of electrical safety device that are made of ceramic flash, hence enabling them to prevent shattering of the fuses when they are blown out. Ceramic fuses are opaque in nature hence make it difficult for inspection. Ceramic fuses are highly preferred in situations where high current are normally expected
These types of electrical fuses are highly efficient as they prevent contaminating electrical systems like other fuses when they are blown up as the elements that constitute these types of fuses are internally retained in such situations hence no spilling over. The high breaking or rupturing capacity of ceramic fuses makes them ideal for use in high voltage app and machinery. The sand inside, normally found in ceramic fuses absorbs generated heat energy preventing the fuse from fire
As the name fuse holder suggests, these are equipment used to keep electrical fuses in their required positions preventing them from interacting with other electrical devices found in machinery. Most of the fuse holders have insulation properties hence do not influence electrical circuits or affect them in any way possible.
Fuse holders can be effective in electrical circuits that are highly sensitive and those using glass fuses instead of ceramic fuses Some of the common fuse holders available in the market are in base version , panel and rail fuse holders used in various electrical circuits.
It describes about the circuit breaker and components and types of high voltage circuit breaker. It also explains about the working principle of the circuit breaker.
Circuit BreakersA circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
Ceramic fuses are types of electrical safety device that are made of ceramic flash, hence enabling them to prevent shattering of the fuses when they are blown out. Ceramic fuses are opaque in nature hence make it difficult for inspection. Ceramic fuses are highly preferred in situations where high current are normally expected
These types of electrical fuses are highly efficient as they prevent contaminating electrical systems like other fuses when they are blown up as the elements that constitute these types of fuses are internally retained in such situations hence no spilling over. The high breaking or rupturing capacity of ceramic fuses makes them ideal for use in high voltage app and machinery. The sand inside, normally found in ceramic fuses absorbs generated heat energy preventing the fuse from fire
As the name fuse holder suggests, these are equipment used to keep electrical fuses in their required positions preventing them from interacting with other electrical devices found in machinery. Most of the fuse holders have insulation properties hence do not influence electrical circuits or affect them in any way possible.
Fuse holders can be effective in electrical circuits that are highly sensitive and those using glass fuses instead of ceramic fuses Some of the common fuse holders available in the market are in base version , panel and rail fuse holders used in various electrical circuits.
Fusion power is the generation of energy by nuclear fusion. Fusion reactions are high energy reactions in which two lighteratomic nuclei fuse to form a heavier nucleus. When they combine, some of the mass is lost.
This is converted into energy through E = mc2 Fusion power is a research effort to try and harness this energy to power large scale cleaner energy. It is also a major part of plasma physics research.
Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing something to life by carefully choosing and arranging words and phrases to produce the desired effect (Polking 1990, p. 106). The most appropriate and effective techniques for presenting description are a matter of ongoing discussion among writers and writing coaches.Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing something to life by carefully choosing and arranging words and phrases to produce the desired effect (Polking 1990, p. 106). The most appropriate and effective techniques for presenting description are a matter of ongoing discussion among writers and writing coaches.Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-w
WHAT IS ANDROID? Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear).
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code.
Transformer oil which is obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil serves many purposes in a transformer insulation.This report includes the classifications of transformer oil under composition and additives and it also includes the different types contamination that can occur in a transformer.These contamination issues can be tracked by an analysis of transformer oil.This report is consist of different transformer oil testing and also my personal experience in observing few tests at the laboratory of Asset Management Hydro Electrical - CEB.
this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect
The standard electromechanical RCCBs are designed to work with normal waveform power and cannot be guaranteed to work if any standard waveforms are generated by loads. The most common is the rectified half-wave waveform, sometimes referred to as pulsed direct current, generated by speed control devices, semiconductors, computers, and even dimmers.
basic electrical and electronics engg. components of LT switch gear, switch fuse unit, MCB, MCCB, ELCB, TYPES OF WIRES AND CABLES, ELECTRICAL EARTHING, TYPES OF BATTERIES,
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. • It is the Simplest • ‘Miniature • ‘Moulded Case • ‘Earth Leakage
Form of Circuit Breaker’ Circuit Breaker’ Circuit-Breaker’
Protection (MCB). (MCCB). (ELCB).
Against Excess • It is a • It Provides Over • It is Current
Current, Short Electromagnetic Load and Short Operated
Circuit and Earth Device which Circuit Device Designed
Fault. Operates and Protection to to operate when
• A Fuse is a Wire Disconnects the Normal Service a leakage
of Short Length Circuit Reaches apart from Current Exceeds
having Low - a Pre- Serving as a Pre-
Melting Point. Determined ‘Circuit - Determined
Value. Breaker’. Value.
4. INTRODUCTION
• An MCB is an Electromagnetic Device which Operates and Disconnects the
Circuit when the Current reaches a pre determined value. The MCB may ,
therefore, be used in lieu of fuse & can be fitted in consumer’s distribution
panel.
• It is most modern substitute for conventional rewireable fuse with most
accurate & efficient system in over-load & short circuit protection. In fact, it
provides over-load protection & short circuits protection whereas FUSE offers
short circuit protection only.
• An MCB will normally operate at 1.25 times it rated current i.e. 20 A. MCB
operates at 25 A compared with 30 A for cartridge fuse or 40 A for rewireable
type of fuse of the same rating. Some manufactures have invented most
efficient MCB which operates at 1.05 times the full load current.
• Other advantages of MCB are that they can be quickly reset by hand after
operations without any cost and they cannot be re-closed if the fault still exists.
They can be manually re-closed after rectifying the fault.
• Also the MCB which has tripped due to over-load or short circuit can be readily
identified as the dolly or toggle or operating knob automatically moves to the
“OFF” position.
7. E INTRODUCTION
L • An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker is a safety device used in
electrical installations with high earth impedance to prevent
Shock.
C
• Many electrical installations have a relatively high earth
impedance.
These may be due to use of local earth rod to dry ground
conditions.
B
• These installations have a major problem if no ELCB is used.
During live to earth fault current,two conditions occur. Because
earth impedance is high,
1. Not enough current exist to trip a fuse or circuit breaker, so
condition persists uncleared indefinitely .
2. The high impedance earth can not keep the voltage of all
exposed CPC connected metalwork to safe voltage all such
metalwork may rise to close to live conductor voltage.
TYPES OF ELCB:
I. Voltage Operated:- They Provide a major advance in safety
for mains electrical supplies with inadequate earth impedance.
II. Current Operated:- They Provide protection against earth
leakage, through the details & method of operation are
different.