Cataract is caused by the opacification and degeneration of the lens fibres in the eye. Symptoms include blurred vision, problems with glare when driving at night, and changes in color vision. Cataracts are classified based on their morphology, age of onset, maturity, and etiology. Some of the main types include nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Cataracts are also classified as congenital, juvenile, pre-senile, or senile depending on the age at which they develop.

1. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CATARACT

2. ‘ CATARACTA’(LATIN)MEANING ‘WATERFALL’

3. DEFINITION: CATARACT IS CAUSED BY OPACIFICATION AND DEGENERATION OF LENS FIBRES ALREADY FORMED, THE FORMATION OF ABBERENT LENS FIBRES OR DEPOSITION OF OTHER MATERIALS IN THEIR PLACE.

4. CATARACT

6. ETIOLOGY: EYE INJURY SUN EXPOSURE SMOKING HYPERTENSION KIDNEY DISORDERS DIABETES MILLETUS LONG TERM USE OF STEROIDS TOXIC SUBSTANCES HEREDITARY

7. PATHOGENESIS: DEGENERATION OPACIFICATION DEPOSITION OF OTHER MATERIAL ABNORMALITY OF LENS PROTEIN DISORGANISATION OF FIBRES

8. Blurred vision Need for frequent changes in your eyeglasses or contacts Trouble in driving at night ( Glare ) Sensitivity to bright light Change in color vision ( yellow , orange , and red appear brighter and WHITE appears dull). Polyopia and monocular diplopia Coloured haloes SYMPTOMS:

9. BLURRED VISION DUE TO SCATTERING OF LIGHT ON THE RETINA

10. blurred vision

11. GLARED VIEW(TROUBLE DRIVING AT NIGHT)

12. CHANGE IN COLOUR VISION(DIMNESS)

13. CLASSIFICATION : BASED ON : MORPHOLOGY AGE OF ONSET MATURITY ETIOLOGY

14. MORPHOLOGIC: 1.CAPSULAR CATARACT -ANTERIOR CAPSULAR CATARACT -POSTERIOR CAPSULAR CATARACT 2.SUB CAPSULAR CATARACT -ANTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT -POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT 3.NUCLEAR CATARACT 4.CORTICAL CATARACT

15. 5.LAMELLAR/ZONULAR CATARACT 6.SUTURAL CATARACT

16. - POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT -CORTICAL CATARACT -NUCLEAR CATARACT -MATURE CATARACT

17. AGE OF ONSET: 1.CONGENITAL 2.INFANTILE 3.JUVINILE 4.PRE-SENILE 5.SENILE

18. CONGENITAL CATARACT

19. INFANTILE AND JUVINILE CATARACT

20. MATURITY: 1.INTUMESCENT CATARACT 2.IMMATURE CATARCT 3.MATURE CATARACT 4.HYPERMATURE CATARACT 5.MORGAGNIAN CATARCT

21. MATURE AND IMMATURE CATARACT

22. IMMATURE CATARACT

23. ETIOLOGIC: TRAUMATIC CATARACT METABOLIC CATARACT TOXIC CATARACT COMPLICATED CATARACT INTRA UTERINE CATARACT HERIDITARY CATARACT RADIATIONAL CATARACT ELECTRIC CATARACT

24. 9. CATARACT ASSOSCIATED WITH SKIN DISEASES-ICHTHYOSIS,ATOPIC DERMATITIS 10.CATARACT ASSOSCIATED WITH OSSEOUS DISEASES-PARATHYROID TETANY 11.CATARACT WITH MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES-DYSTROPHIA MYOTONICA,ALPORTS SYNDROME,DOWNS SYNDROME AFTER CATARACT

25. SUBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION: GRADE 0: CLEAR LENS GRADE 1: SWOLLEN FIBRES AND SUB CAPSULAR OPACITIES GRADE 2: NUCLEAR CATARACT AND VISIBLE LENS FIBRES GRADE 3: STRONG NUCLEAR CATARACT WITH PERINUCLEAR AREA OPACITY GRADE 4: TOTAL OPACITY

26. SUBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION

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