The document provides instructions for laundering, ironing, and caring for various fabrics and linens. It discusses sorting clothes by color and soil level before washing. The washing process involves steps like flushing, breaking, sudsing, rinsing, and extracting. Different fabrics require specific care methods - for example, silk should be gently hand washed or dry cleaned. The document also outlines how to remove common stains and make repairs to fabrics. Proper ironing techniques are described, such as sprinkling fabrics with water before ironing and pressing embroidery designs.

1. WASHING AND
IRONING, LINENS
AND FABRICS

2. Separate lightly soiled items from heavily-soiled
ones.
Attend to the clothes before washing.
- In washing, consider the extent of dirt.
Separate white or light colored items from
dark colored items. Silk fabrics must be
gently hand washed or dry cleaned while
cotton and linen items are softened.
Defects on clothing, linens and fabrics
should be repaired. Stains should be
removed promptly.
CHECKING & SORTING CLOTHES,
LINENS, FABRICS

3.  A.) Solid Cotton – Can be woven into a variety of fabrics. Can
also be combined with other fabrics. It is durable, comfortable
and easy to care for.
 1.) Cotton Velvet – Appropriate for upholstery, clothing and decorative
accessories. To avoid piling, steam (DO NOT IRON) to remove wrinkles.
 2.) Muslin – Inexpensive plain cotton and is usually undyed. Often used
to make a practice version.
 3.) Terry cloth – Commonly used to make bath towels and robes. It is
absorbent.
 4.) Flannel – Popular for baby clothes and bedding. It’s very soft.
 5.) Chambray – Plain weaved fabric made of cottons or cotton synthetic
blends. Used for making clothing, especially shirts.
 6.) Poplin – It is durable and has a tightly, woven plain weave. Good
choice for children’s and adult lightweight clothing.
 7.) Cotton Voile – Perfect for clothing and breezy curtains.
TYPES OF LINENS/FABRICS

4.  B.) Pattern Cottons
1.) Ticking used for mattress covers.
2.) Dotted used for making curtains and
clothing, including children’s garments.
3.) Gingham – Distinct two-tone-over-white
checkered patterns. Used for lightweight, summer
clothing.
C.) Silk – Used for interior decorations, as well as
fashion. Strong, lightweight and takes dye well, allowing
for brilliantly colored fabrics. Dry cleaning is
recommended for most but some silks may be gently
hand washed. To dry, roll fabrics inside a towel.
TYPES OF LINENS/FABRICS II

5. D. Linens – It’s one of the oldest textiles in human
history. Extremely strong and durable. Can be fairly
heavy, yet feels light and cool. Linens softens if
machine washed. Wash, dry, and press (or dry clean)
linen before sewing it.
 E. Wool – Are warm and insulating. Wool will last a
long time if properly cared for. Most wool fabrics
should be dry cleaned, although some can be hand
washed in cold water.
TYPES OF LINENS/FABRICS III

6. 1.) Mend rips, repairs holes. Mending and darning
should be done before washing.
 Mending is straightening worn out parts by
restitching.
 Darning is replacing and reinforcing broken threads
by stitching a new threads.
 Patching is stitching a piece of fabric to cover a hole.
2.) Learn the simple ways of altering garments and
linens.
REPAIRING DEFECTIVE CLOTHING,
LINENS, AND FABRICS

7. 3.) Clothes look better and last longer if you mend
rips and tears as soon as they appear.
4.) Tears in clothing are commonly straight, diagonal
and three cornered. Darns will be hardly noticeable if
threads used in darning match the color of the cloth.
REPAIRING DEFECTIVE CLOTHING,
LINENS, AND FABRICS II

8. Spots and stains should be removed promptly
Blood:
- Soak in cold water for several hours
- Wash in warm and soapy water
- Rinse
REMOVING STAINS AND SPOTS IN
FABRICS AND LINENS

9. - Scrape the candle with a dull knife
- Wash in detergent solution
- Rinse
CANDLE

10. - Chill the spot
- Scrape off
- Wash in soapy water
- Rinse
CHEWING GUM

11. - Sprinkle with salt
- Apply calamansi juice
- Let stand
- Wash in detergent soap
- Rinse
RUST

12. - Wet with cold water
- Dry in the sun
- Apply a thin slice of onion
SCORCH

13. - Dip in cold water
- Roll in towel
- Let stand
- Press
WATER SPOTS

14. - Soak in warm detergent/soap
solution
- Wash
- Rinse
COFFEE, CHOCOLATE, FRUIT JUICES, AND
ICE CREAM

15. - Soak in cold water, lime juice, or milk
- Wash in warm soapy water
- Rinse
INK

16. - Wash in soap solution
- Rinse
MUD & PERSPIRATION

17. - Soak in hot water or warm soap solution
- Let stand
- Wash
- Rinse
OIL & LARD

18. - Apply turpentine or thinner
- Wash normally
PAINT OR VARNISH

19. - Wear safety mask to prevent yourself from
inhaling unpleasant odor of chemicals
- Use safety gloves to protect hands from
getting irritated by the chemicals
- Store chemicals in a safe place for children's
safety
- It's a must to check electrical wires to avoid
electric shock
- It's not safe to use electric equipments in wet
areas
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PARAPHERNALIA
& PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

20. Laundering is a performance of cleaning
clothes and linens that is done in different
ways. There has been improvements in
laundering; as we could see to this day, more
equipments and supplies have been
manufactured, which has made washing
clothes convenient.
PERFORMING LAUNDRY & DRY CLOTHES,
LINENS & FABRICS

21.  Washer - This machine dissolves water soils
 Extractor - This machine removes water in clothes and linen by
50% thereby reducing the weight of the clothes and making
them ready for dryer
 Dry cleaning machine - This machine is used for dry cleaning
especially fabrics
 Tumbler – dries garments and linens
 Spotting board - Designed to remove stains on specific spot by
applying stain remover on the affected area of the garment or
linen
 Pressing Machine - Use to iron and press fabrics.
- Hand flat iron - used for ordinary garment.
- Flat work iron - for big linens such as bed sheets.
LAUNDRY MACHINES

22.  Detergent – specifically for machine
 Alkaline – break dirt in garments and linens
 Bleach – to kill bacteria
 Fabric conditioner – soften fabrics & give it a
fresh smell
 Starch – to stiffen fabric
LAUNDRY SUPPLIES

23.  Do not wash heavily soiled items with lightly
soiled items
 Wash with the same color of garment
 Remove stains and mend or repair defects
 Used right formula and required chemical
dosage
- Flushing (abt 2 mins.) - Wet the linen to
dissolve water-solluble soil and reduce soil load
in suceeding suds steps
LAUNDERING PROPERLY – BASIC
WASHING STEPS

24. - Breaking (abt 2 mins.) - Perform before suds step with low water
level
- Sudsing (abt 5 mins.) - Involve actual washing step where detergent
is added to the level
- Bleaching abt (abt 8 mins.) - Elimination of stains using
chlorinated bleach
- Rinsing (3mins.) - Rinse linen of the detergent and soil
- Intridictorextracting - Spins the soil-added detergent solution out of
linen usually after the first rinse step to reduce the required number
of deep water rinses.
- Sour & soft step - Final conditioning of the linen
- Extracting - Process of reducing the moisture content linen by 50%

25. EXTRACT 2 MINUTES REMOVE
REMAINING DETERGENT
SOFTNER 5 MINUTES CONDITIONS THE
FABRICS
STARCH 5 MINUTES TO STIFFEN THE
FABRICS
FINAL EXTRACT 10 MINUTES REMOVES
MOISTURE

26.  Materials:
 Automatic Washer
 Detergent
 Alkali
 Fabric Softener
 Bleach
 Procedures:
1.) Select Appropriate Load Size
 Large Load for Large Items (bed sheets, blankets)
 Medium Load for Medium Items (shirts, shorts, pillow cases)
 Small Load for Small Items (ex: socks, underwear)
WASHING WITH AUTOMATIC WASHER

27. 2.) Add washing detergent, following the recommended quantity for
specific load size
 Detergent
 Alkali
 Bleach
 Softener
3.)Adjust the water temperature of the washing machine
 Hot Temperature – If garments are heavily soiled or in white color.
 Warm - For bright colors or lightly soiled items.
 Cold – If items are for permanent press.
4.) Segregate the soiled linen by classification
 Heavily soiled to lightly soiled
 Bath towel to hand towel
 Flat sheet in one classification
 Soaking and spotting are done before washing for stained items

28. 5.) Select the wash cycle and time
 Super wash cycle for heavily soiled
 Regular wash cycle for lightly soiled ones
6.) Rinsing - Removes all detergent in garments and linens.
7.) Extracting - Reduces moisture by 50% in garments and
linens.
8.) Drying - Half dried garments and linens are completely
dried in the dryer.
9.) Follow manual of instruction for precautionary measures.

29.  The floor must be throughly scrubbed
 All equipments must be clean and stored
 Left detergents and chemicals must be put
back
 Unplug the washing machine
 Equipments must be checked up regularly
 Do not expose to electrical equipment to rain
CLEANING WASING ARE & EQUIPMENT

30. Removes wrinkles & improves the
appearance of garments. Iron clothes
that have been washed, dried &
sprinkled with water
IRONING CLOTHES – LINENS & FABRICS

31.  Separate clothes needed to be sprinkled with water.
 Pile all cotton clothes on top of one another fully
spread out. Sprinkle lightly, then roll carefully and
place in a clean cloth. Wrap all garments together
and let stand until dampness is distributed evenly.
 Iron along the grain of the fabric.
 Start with synthetic fibers moving to the thicker
fabrics.
 Either start with hanging fabrics before the body and
vise versa.
 Dab a moist cloth over the rough parts.
IRONING TECHNIQUES USING ELECTRIC
DRY IRON

32.  Place the shoulder of the garment at the end of the
iron board, and iron carefully as you move the
garment, reaching all areas.
 Place garment over the board and iron the waist
area. Iron the skirt last.
 Press embroidery designs on the other side
 When flatiron is off, iron the small and light articles
last11. To save electricity, iron clothes once a week.
 Fold clothes carefully or hang them and place in
their respective cabinets.
 Place all materials use such flat iron and board in
their storages