The document discusses various digital photography techniques including aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and post-processing adjustments. Aperture controls depth of field, shutter speed controls motion blur, and ISO adjusts light sensitivity and image noise. White balance settings alter the color temperature to match lighting conditions. Post-processing allows diptychs demonstrating curves, levels, cropping, dodging and burning, and color adjustments to modify tones and colors. Combined, these techniques give photographers control over visual qualities like focus, motion, brightness, hues, and composition.

1. 1

2. Aperture (AV mode)
Aperture is the name for the hole in a lens which controls the depth of field in a
photograph. You can control is using aperture priority (Av) mode on your camera
and also in manual mode. The main purpose of using aperture-priority mode is
to control the depth of field. Aperture priority is useful in landscape photography,
where a narrow aperture is necessary if objects in foreground, middle distance,
and background are all to be rendered crisply, while shutter speed is often
immaterial. It also finds use in portrait photography, where a wide aperture is
desired to throw the background out of focus and make it less distracting.
The lens aperture sizes are known as f-numbers. A lower f-number, such as
f2.8 means a bigger aperture opening which reduces the depth of field and lets
more light reach the film or image sensor. A higher f-number. Such as F22.0
means a smaller aperture opening. This increases the depth of the field but
allows less light into the film or image censor. Aperture priority mode uses
complex metering systems to change settings this can change the ISO settings
and shutter speed so you can achieve a perfect exposed image.

3. This image has a low aperture. This
means that it has a smaller depth to
field. This image is focussing on the front
object and everything else around this
object is out of focus, because this
image has a low aperture. This would of
allowed a quick shutter speed to happen.
Then because of this it allowed a lot of
light to hit the image sensor due to the
big hold.
F5.6
This image was taken on a middle
aperture which Is a middle hole. In this
image the depth of field as increased.
You can tell this from the image as it still
focuses on the front object but
everything else is slightly more in focus.
The people sat in the background are
becoming slightly more visible in this
image. This would be using a slower
shutter speed less light would hit the
censor.
F12
This is a high aperture which is a small
hold compared to the two above. The
depth of field has increased again. This
shows in the picture as everything in the
picture is in focus and you can clearly
see the milk cup. The people in the
background are most visible. This uses a
very slow shutter speed. Due to the
small hole compared to the other holes
this can not gather enough light. This
causes shaking to be viable .
F20.0

4. Shutter Speed (Tv mode)
Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter is open when you press the
button to take a photograph. Shutter priority mode (S or TV) allows you to have
the opportunity to choose how long the shutter will be open. The camera will
adjust other settings to make sure the image will have the right exposure.
Shutter speeds are shown in fractions or parts of a second. The smaller the
number the faster the shutter opens and closes. Shutter speeds are measured
in fractions of seconds and then in whole seconds as exposures get longer.
Shutter speed is often use to show movement in a photograph. When this is
used, a longer times passes from the moment the shutter opens until the
moment it closes. When you do this is giving more times for movement to be
recorded by the camera. it allows more light into the camera which makes it
handy for shooting in dark conditions. A tripod would be advised when shooting
shutter speed because camera shake wants to be avoided. A fast shutter speed
freezes movement in a image. This requires a lot of light to get the correct
exposure.

5. This photograph was taken with the
shutter speed of 1 second. The shutter
speed was slow so this meant the censor
could pick up a lot of light and shaking.
From the photograph you can see where
the camera has picked up on movement.
Which is the hand shaking.
1”
This is was taken with a 1/60 shutter
speed. As you can see the shutter speed
is faster and has captured less
movement as the hand is not so much
of a blur. The fingers are still quite blurry
but the whole hand isn’t in general.
1/60
This was taken with a shutter speed of
1/500. Which has resulted into a fast
shutter speed. This is faster than the two
above. This has made caused the
camera to stop much movement in this
image. This is because the image sensor
does not have time to collect the
movement from the image. This has
made the image really dark because the
camera wasn’t in a well lit area so did not
pick up great exposure.
1/500

6. ISO settings
The ISO setting on a camera changes how sensitive the sensor is to light. The
ASA number of a film tells you how sensitive the film is to light. The bigger the
number the more sensitive or ‘faster’ the film or sensor is. A ‘faster’ film or
sensor needs less light to produce an image than a slow one. When shooting in
low light conditions without a tripod or other support it may be that increasing
the ISO speed or using a faster film will let you get the images you need. As ISO
speeds gets faster the chance of seeing noise in the image increases. Image
noise Is the random variation of brightness or colour information in images
produced by the sensor of a of digital camera. It is regarded as a bad thing as
the quality of your images can decrease. Image noise can be very noticeable
and in some cases not noticeable.
As you can see
the bigger the
ISO the more
grainy and more
noise you can
see visually in
the image.
This
demonstrates
an image with a
lot of image
noise.

7. This has been taken with an ISO of 100.
It has changed the sensitivity the image
censor has to light. As its on a low ISO
the sensitivity was low. This allowed an
image with hardly any grain or noise
found.
100
The ISO has been increased in this
image. This also meant the sensitivity of
light has been increased. As you can tell
the image has become slightly lighter.
More noise has become noticeable on
the canon lid. Nothing else has really
happened though when increasing the
ISO.
400
In this image the ISO got increased
again. This has made the image sensors
senstivity to light increase to. This is one
of the highest ISO on the camera. The
image again has become lighter. As you
can see on the lid the image has
increased in noise and some grain. This
has decrease the quality of this image. I
have notice no discolouration in this
image. Which was possible could
happen.
1600

8. White Balance
Generally this setting is there to help the camera understand what white is. The auto-white
balance setting will work in most situations but sometimes you may need or want to change
the setting to adjust the colour in your photograph. Using the cloudy setting in bright daylight
will give your image a warmer, yellow tint to it. Using the fluorescent light setting in daylight
will give your images a green tint. At times, you will need to change the settings if the colours
you see are not being reproduced correctly by the camera. At other times you may decide to
chose the ‘wrong’ white balance on purpose to change the look of your photographs.
This above image demonstrates the use of white balance on each different picture. You can
see how the different effects are due to the white balance on each image. Your eyes can
adjust to the changed in the colour temperature of light but you camera may not be able to do
this like you can.

9. Tungsten Light
White Fluorescent
Shade
Daylight
The above images demonstrate just four of the different automatic white balance settings
that your camera may have. The different settings have changed the same image in
different ways. Each picture was taken in the same place but the white balance has
altered the effects to make one look very blue to another looking very warm and brown.
The first image Tungsten light which has a situation around 2000k . This has made the
image very blue due to the fact of the outside light. IT would generally make an image less
warm and cool. The Daylight White balance has not effected the image that much as the
setting is around 5000/6000k.The colouring is near enough exactly how you would see it.
Shade has been used on one of the effects and this would normally be used with a
situation of 9000k. It has made the image slightly warm and brown like. Because of the
sunny area the effect of the picture is very warm as its used to normally warm pictures up
this picture was already warm so a slight bronze tint has been added. White fluorescent
has made the image have a cool blue tint. This effect has altered the image due to the sun
and like tungsten has made the image have a blue effect due to the sun.

10. Curves
Cropped

11. Levels
Dodging and burning

12. Colour adjustments
Original image