2. Aperture (AV mode)
Aperture controls the depth of field of the image. The depth of field determines which part of
the image is effectively sharp and whereabouts the focus is aimed at, meaning the image can
be adjusted to focus up close with a blurred background, or it can be made so the whole
image is clear.
The aperture is measured in Fs. F 3.5 would mean that the close up objects in the image
would be very clear, and the background would be blurred, whereas F22 would mean that the
whole image would be equally focused.
The aperture controls how big or small the opening in the lens is, meaning that if a higher
aperture is used then the lens opening will be smaller, whereas a low aperture would open
the lens a lot larger.
Landscape photography would use a high aperture meaning the lens would be smaller,
allowing the full image to be focused up close, middle distanced, and long distanced.
A smaller F number would mean the image would be focused close up but not far away,
allowing the photographer to focus on a single image.
3. This photograph uses an aperture of
22F, meaning that the openening in the
lens is very small, allowing the focus to
be spread among the whole image. The
focus Is very even throughout and is
equal from the front all the way to the
back.
22F
This image uses 11F, meaning that the
front of the image is slightly clearer then
the back of the image. The front of the
image is clear, until just after the pen,
and then a very slight blur appears
towards the back of the book and the
background.
11F
This photo uses a 3.5F aperture
meaning that the lens opening is very
wide, allowing the camera to focus only
on the pen, and blurring out the whole of
the background, and slightly blurring in
front of the pen.
3.5F
4. Shutter Speed (Tv mode)
The shutter speed controls how long the lens is open for. The smaller the fraction of a second
the shutter is open for results in a how still the image is. If 1/1000 is used, the shutter will be
open for 1/1000 of a second, resulting in a very still image. One problem with a very quick
shutter speed is that not as much light can enter the camera meaning the images are often
very dark when taken at a shutter speed which is this quick even if the IOS is very high.
5. In this image the shutter speed is very
low. This makes the image very blurred,
but the lighting is ideal due to the fact the
shutter is open for longer so more light is
let in to the lens.
The image is blurred because the slow
shutter speed captures every frame from
when when shutter is opened to when it
closes, meaning a lot of frames are
caught and they are put together
creating a blur.
1 Second
The medium length shutter speed still
causes a slight bit of blur, but this time is
generated mainly from the shake of the
camera. The image has become slightly
darker, but is still light enough to be
visible. Unlike the other image, this
image does not have a trail behind it,
making the image look blurred, but not
effectively blurred, making the image
look like the blur should not be there.
1/60
This image is taken with a very fast
shutter speed. This means the iamge is
caught perfectly still even when the
person is walking fairly quick. The image
is caught still, but without a very high
ISO the image appears very dark. There
is no camera shake in this image,
meaning that I tripod is not needed,
unlike with a shutter speed of 1 second,
making it easier shooting fast things.
Settings1/320
6. ISO settings
The ISO controls the sensitivity of pixels to light.
A 100 ISO is a very un-sensitive ISO, whereas 1600 ISO is very sensitive.
This means the ISO can control how bright an image is. When the ISO is raised the pixels
gather more “noise” which means the pixels distort and small white and green dots appear on
the image.
7. This image shows a very low ISO
meaning the pixels are not very sensitive
to light. This means the image is clear,
and there is no noise in the photograph,
although a low ISO can sometimes result
in a darker image.
ISO 100
The image has started to gain a small bit
of noise around the top of the frame.
This is shown on the the white line above
the boarder where there is slight
gradients in the white which are slightly
green and white.
ISO 400
At a higher ISO there is a lot of noise
along the image. This makes the image
appear to be a lower quality, but can also
brighten the image, meaning if there is
no other way to get the light correct in an
image, the ISO can be changed.
ISO
8. White Balance
The white balance effects how an image looks by altering how the filter looks. This means an
image can appear more blue, brighter or duller. This means that a photographer can change
how an image looks by changing which white balance setting is active.
9. Daylight WB
Cloudy WB
Tungsten WB
Fluorescent WB
Daylight WB makes the image look as if the lighting is fairly natural, and the brightness of
this white balance is dependent on the natural light.
Cloudy WB makes the image look slightly brighter then daylight due to the fact it is used
when a landscape is cloudy, meaning not as much natural light will be able to get through
the clouds. This White balance allows the image to look naturally lit even when it is cloudy.
Tungsten (or cold) white balance makes the image appear slightly blue, making any white
in the image have a slight tint to it. This can be used in images such as snowy scenes.
Fluorescent White Balance makes the colours more vibrant. This can be seen on the
green in the image, and how it looks very bright and vibrant.
