Candidemia, or systemic candidiasis, is caused by Candida species and most commonly seen in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients. Symptoms can range from mild to extreme flu-like symptoms. The most important risk factors are use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, dialysis, diabetes, lowered intestinal flora, suppressed immune system, use of yeast probiotics, central venous catheter, high severity of illness, multiple abdominal surgeries, use of steroids, and burns. Candida albicans causes roughly 70% of fungemias, while Candida glabrata causes 10%, and the emerging Candida auris is associated with high mortality. Treatment depends on whether the patient is neutropenic

1. Candidemia
Asmaa abdelrahman Abdelhakeem
20141614
Group A

2. Definition
• Candedemia, or systemic candidiasis.
• is caused by Candida species.
• It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed
or immunocompromised patients with severe
neutropenia, cancer patients, or in patients with
intravenous catheters.
• immunocompetent patients taking infliximab
may be at a higher risk for fungemia.
• Diagnosis is difficult, as routine blood cultures
have poor sensitivity.

3. Signs & symptoms
• Symptoms can range from mild to extreme—
often described as extreme flu-like
symptoms.
• Many symptoms may be associated with
fungemia, including pain, acute confusion,
chronic fatigue, and infections.
• Skin infections can include persistent or non-
healing wounds and lesions, sweating,
itching, and unusual discharge or drainage.

4. Risk factors
• The most important risk factors are: Use of broad-spectrum
antibiotics
• Other risk factors are:
• Dialysis.
• Diabetes.
• Lowered intestinal flora
• Suppressed immune system.
• Use of yeast probiotics[
• Central venous catheter.
• High severity of illness.
• Multiple abdominal surgeries.
• Use of steroids.
• Burns

5. Pathogenisis
• The most commonly known pathogen is
Candida albicans, causing roughly 70% of
fungemias, followed by Candida glabrata
with 10%.
• Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-
resistant (MDR) yeast that can cause invasive
infections and is associated with high
mortality.

6. TTT
• Neutropenic vs non-neutropenic candidemia is treated
differently.[
• An intravenous echinocandin such as anidulafungin,
caspofungin or micafungin is recommended as first-line
therapy for fungemia, specifically candidemia.
• Oral or intravenous fluconazole is an acceptable
alternative.
• The lipid formulation amphotericin B is a reasonable
alternative if there is limited antifungal availability,
antifungal resistance, or antifungal intolerance.