Clindamycin is an antibiotic of the lincosamide class used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It is absorbed well orally or parenterally and distributes widely throughout the body. Common uses include treating respiratory, skin, bone, and intra-abdominal infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa. Adverse effects include diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It is commonly prescribed for dental infections when penicillin cannot be used due to allergy.

1. Clindamycine
Aya Qafesha
Dr. Ahmad Ewida

2. Clindamycin
• is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a
number of infections.
• It is of the lincosamide class .Which
include lincomycin, clindamycin.

3. Mechanism of action
• Clindamycin has a
primarily
bacteriostatic effect.
• inhibits
protein synthesis. by
binding to the 50s .

4. Pharmacokinetics
• May be given Orally or parenterally
• Orally:
Rapidly absorbed.
Bioavailability is 90%.
• Widely concentrated in tissues including bones,
and body fluids.
• It diffuses across the placenta.
• Metabolized in liver
• Excretion- urin and bile

5. Antibacterial activity
• It is usually used to treat infections with
anaerobic bacteria
• Can also be used to treat some protozoal
diseases, such as malaria.
• It is a common topical treatment for acne .

6. Susceptible bacteria
It is most effective against infections involving the following types of
organisms:
• Aerobic Gram-positive cocci, including some members of the
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (e.g.pneumococcus) genera,
but not enterococci.
• Anaerobic, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, including some
Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella.
• Most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria (such as Pseudomonas ,
Legionella, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella) are resistant to
clindamycin.

7. Medical use
• Bacteremia
• Bacterial Endocarditis Prophylaxis
• Deep Neck Infection
• Intraabdominal Infection
• Joint Infection
• Malaria
• Osteomyelitis
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Peritonitis
• Pneumonia
• Aspiration Pneumonia
• Sinusitis
• Skin or Soft Tissue Infection
• Surgical Prophylaxis
• Toxoplasmosis - Prophylaxis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Bacterial Infection

9. Doses of clindamycin
• Usual Adult Dose for Bacterial Endocarditis Prophylaxis
• 600mg orally 1 hour prior to the procedure.
• Usual Adult Dose for Deep Neck Infection
• 600 mg IV every 6 to 8 hours.
• Duration: 3 to 4 weeks, depending on the nature and severity of the infection
• Usual Adult Dose for Osteomyelitis
• 450 to 900 mg IV every 8 hours.
• Once the patient is stable and able to tolerate oral medications, oral clindamycin may be
substituted according to the microbiology sensitivity data. An appropriate oral dosage for this
patient may be 450 mg orally every 6 hours.
Duration: 4 to 6 weeks, sometimes longer, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Chronic osteomyelitis may require an additional one to two months of oral antibiotic therapy.
• Usual Adult Dose for Sinusitis
• 150 to 300 mg orally every 6 hours.
Duration: 2 to 4 weeks

10. adverse drug reactions
• Common adverse drug reactions associated with
systemic clindamycin therapy — found in over
1% of people — include: diarrhea,
pseudomembranous colitis ,nausea , vomiting,
abdominal pain or cramps and/or rash.
• High doses (both intravenous and oral) may
cause a metallic taste.
• Common adverse drug reactions associated with
topical formulations - found in over 10% of
people - include: dryness, burning, itching of
skin.

11. Pseudomembranous colitis
• Is a potentially lethal
condition commonly
associated with clindamycin.
• Overgrowth of Clostridium
difficile, which is inherently
resistant to clindamycin,
results in the production of a
toxin that causes a range of
adverse effects, from
diarrhea to colitis and toxic
megacolon.

12. Clindamycin and dentistry
• When antibiotics are required, Penicillin is
usually the first drug prescribed. For
patients who are allergic to Penicillin, or
have more serious and persistent dental
infections, Clindamycin is usually the next
drug recommended.

13. Why clindamycin
• Clindamycin is a highly effective drug
when used to fight dental infections. The
reason is that Clindamycin is nearly
completely absorbed (90%), and
penetrates deeply into the soft tissues of
the body, as well as bone, where dental
infections reside.

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