1) Cardiac arrest is a sudden stop of effective blood circulation due to the heart failing to pump blood. It can be caused by a heart attack or other issues that disrupt normal heart rhythm. 2) Treatment for cardiac arrest involves immediately beginning CPR to manually pump the heart and provide oxygen to vital organs until more advanced care can be provided. In a hospital, treatment may include defibrillation, medications, opening blocked arteries, and sometimes surgery. 3) Preventing cardiac arrest involves living a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, not smoking, and managing health conditions like high blood pressure that increase cardiac risk. Screening those with a family history of heart issues can also help reduce cardiac arrest.

1. Cardiac arrest
The silent Killer
Asmaa AbdelRahman Abdelhakeem sayed
Group A

2. 20141614
Cardiac Arrest
Aim of the work :
In this research, we will discuss briefly the term cardiac arrest,whatis meant by it
?,causes, treatment and prevention .
introduction :
A cardiac arrestis also called a cardiopulmonary arrest or circulatory arrestand
indicates a sudden stop in effective and normal blood circulation due to failure of the
heart to pump blood.
Cardiac arrestis different from myocardial infarction or heart attack but may be
causedby a heart attack. When the blood flow to the heart is stopped due to narrow or
obstructed coronaryarteries, a heart attack occurs
This may lead to a cardiogenic shock andcardiac arrest.
what happens in cardiac arrest?
*Once the usual blood circulationstops working,
*oxygendelivery to all vital organs stops.
*Brain is the most quickly affectedOrgan ,

3. *once that occurs the patient loses consciousness,
*more than 5 minutes, Brain damage occurs.
*His breathing becomes very shallow and minimized.
*Neck Carotidartery's pulse is lacked.
*Cardiac arrestmay generate suddencardiac death.
*Causesof cardiacarrest:-
1-Heart attack or myocardial infarction (30% cases).
2- Cardiac rhythm disturbance ( arrhythmia)( ventricular fibrillation).
3-Bloodloss in Heart and lung injuries.
4-Extremely high or low blood level of potassium.
5-Extremely high or Extremely low body temperature.
6-Cardiac anatomicalabnormality, Cardiomyopathy and Pulmonary embolism.
7-major infections, Advanced cancer and drug overdose.
Management of cardiacarrest :-
Pre hospital management :-
Immediately CPR (external cardio pulmonary resuscitation):-
1st
person
*lay the patient flat on hard surface.
*elevate the legs (pushing blood to vital organs).
*tilt the head back with one hand .

4. *check fornormal breathing (for 10 sec)
*Close the nostrils with the other hand.
*Give him rescue mouth to mouth breaths
*blow till chestexpansion (10-15 times/min).
2nd person
*Centralize One hand's heal over his chest
*coverthe 1st
hand with the 2nd
.
*Keeping your elbows straight and start compressions
*stopcompressionwhile the 1st
person gives breaths.
*every 2 breaths concoide with 15 compressions.
*you should observe pulpal femoral pulse returns.
*we only aim to create anartificial circulation.
Hospitalmanagement:-
1- Using Endo trachealintubation to open airways.
2- Intravenous fluids and medications to stimulate the heart.
3- ECG differentiate shockable from non shockable patients
4- Defibrillation in shockable patients (ventricular fibrillation).
5- Non shockable patients ( use medications and massage) .
6- Medications suchas (adrenaline 1mg injection –Dopamine-dobutamine)
7- No Electricalactivity of the heart (atropine)
.

5. Venricular fibrillation
Post arrestmanagement:-
1-Drugs
(angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors)
Or ,calcium channel blockers oramiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone).
2-implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)to monitor heart rhythm.
3-coronaryangioplastyto open blockedcoronaryarteries.
4-coronarybypass surgery beyond blocked coronaryartery
5-Radiofrequency catheterablation block a single abnormal electricalpathway.
6-Corrective heartsurgery. In congenitalheart deformity.
Prevention:

6. 1-promote a healthy diet contains only Healthy food.
2- Do exercisesregularlyit is Good for you.
3-if you're a smoker,stopthat habit.
4-Controlyour Blood pressure and check it regularly.
5-loweryour cholesterolleveland check it.
6-screening those with family history of cardiomyopathy.
7-using implantable cardioverterdefibrillator in (ventricular vibrillation).
conclusion
Although cardiac arrest is asilentkiller but we canavoid it as much as we can by
following healthy lifestyle Not only for cardiac patients or those expected to develop
cardiac arrestbut also for all of us.
References

7. 1-https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Cardiac-
Arrest.aspx.
2-http://news.heart.org/report-10.
3-http:/www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation-guidelines.
.