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Campylobacter jejuni
Greek word “campylos”- curved, “bactron”- rod
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
Scientific classification
Domain Bacteria
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Epsilonproteobacteria
Order Campylobacterales
Family Campylobacteraceae
Genus Campylobacter
Species C. jejuni
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Helical
Non spore-forming,
Gram-negative
Non-fermenting bacterium
Forms motile rods with a single
polar flagellum,
Oxidase-positive
Grows optimally at 37 to 42 °C
Characteristics- Campylobacter
jejuni
The oxidase test is used to identify
bacteria that produce cytochrome c
oxidase, an enzyme of the
bacterial electron transport chain
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
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• Campylobacteriosis is an infection by
the Campylobacter bacteria
• C. jejuni (most commonly)- in cattle, swine, birds
• also C. coli- in cattle, swine, birds
C. upsaliensis- in cats and dogs
C. lari- in seabirds
• It is among the most common bacterial
infections of humans, often a foodborne illness.
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
4CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
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Meat, Meat Products
Milk, Milk Products
Water and
Beverages
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• First 24 hours:
Prodromal symptoms- fever, headache, and myalgia
(which can be severe)
• After 1–5 days:
diarrhea (~ 10 watery, frequently bloody, bowel
movements per day)
or dysentery, cramps, abdominal pain, and fever [as
high as 40 °C (104 °F)].
• In most people, the illness lasts for 2–10
days:
invasive/inflammatory diarrhea, also described
as bloody diarrhea or dysentery.
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
There are other diseases showing similar
symptoms.
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Primate, colon.
Mucosaledema,muco-hemorrhagicexudate,and
thickenedfoldsofthecolon.
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Pig, small intestine.
Hemorrhage in the lumen of the small intestine with
thickened mucosal folds.
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
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Avian, liver. Swollen liver
withroundededgesandmultifocalwhitelesionsdueto
Campylobacterosis.
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Pig, small intestine.
White to tan multifocal luminal exudate within the small
intestine.
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
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In Young children (<1 yr) and
immunocompromised people
Toxic megacolon,
Dehydration
Sepsis
Occasional deaths
Complications
The oxidase test is used to identify
bacteria that produce cytochrome c
oxidase, an enzyme of the
bacterial electron transport chain
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
Chronic form:
Asthenia
Eye damage
Arthritis
Endocarditis
1-2 in 100,000 cases develop Guillain–Barré syndrome
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Tissue injury in the gut
Jejunum, ileum, colon
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
Cause
Latent autoimmune effect on the nerves of
the legs Guillain–Barré syndrome
cholera-like enterotoxin- in the watery
diarrhea observed in infections.
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Common routes:
Fecal- oral
Person-to-person sexual
contact
Ingestion of contaminated
food
Waterborne
Transmission
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
Animals farmed for
meat
Contact with
contaminated poultry,
livestock, household
pets (puppies)
Common form of Traveller’s disease
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Diagnosis
Stool culture
Gram stain of a stool
sample
ELISA
PCR
Presence of fecal LEUKOCYTES
indicate the diarrhea to be
inflammatory in nature
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
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• Cooked and Hot food
• only pasteurized or boiled
milk and milk products
• ice from safe water.
• boil drinking water, or
disinfect it with chemical
disinfectant.
• Wash hands thoroughly and
frequently with soap, (after
using the toilet and contact
with pets and farm animals)
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• Wash and peel fruits and
vegetables thoroughly
• Food handlers, professionals
and at home- hygienic rules
• Professional food handlers
should immediately report to
their employer any fever,
diarrhea, vomiting or visible
infected skin lesions.
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
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self-limiting,
in most cases:
Symptomatic treatment of
liquid
electrolyte replacement is
enough in human infections.
Antibiotics:
Children- Erythromycin
Adults- Tetracycline
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
Animals:
Dogs- Erythromycin
Bulls- vaccines and
antibiotics
Sheep- Vaccination
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
acute appendicitis- abdominal pain and tenderness may be very localized.
Helicobacter pylori (is closely related to Campylobacter)- peptic ulcer disease.
Guillain–Barré syndrome, in which the nerves that join the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body are damaged, sometimes permanently. This occurs only with infection of C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis.[2]
Tissue injury in the gut- invading and destroying epithelial cells
Guillain–Barré syndrome- ascending paralysis, dysaesthesias usually below the waist, and, in the later stages, respiratory failure.
Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections.
Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections.
Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections.
ingestion of contaminated food (generally unpasteurized (raw) milk and undercooked or poorly handled poultry), and waterborne (i.e., through contaminated drinking water).
