This document describes various camera shots and movements that can be used in filmmaking. It discusses wide establishing shots from a distance, closer shots to show scale and detail, aerial shots from above, close-ups of faces and objects, point-of-view shots, two-person shots, shot-reverse-shot patterns, panning and tilting the camera horizontally and vertically, high and low camera angles, tracking shots using a dolly, handheld camerawork, and zooming in or out. The different techniques are used to set scenes, emphasize elements, create identification or tension, show relationships, and achieve various dramatic effects.

1. Camera shotsand movements
 First shot establishes where youare/ surroundings ( Extreme
long shot)
Can be taken as muchas mile away – Scene setting – normally shows
exterior
 Wide shot –
This is a broader shot, showing perhapsparts of the set or externals
– To emphasisesize, scale and the dramaticor epic
 Crane shots/ Dolly shot –
A craneshot is a usefulway of movinga camera – it can moveup,
down, left, right, swoopingin on action or movingdiagonally outof it
 Aerial shot/ Birds eye view –
An exciting variation of a craneshot, usually usinga helicopter. This
is often used at the beginning of a film, in order to establish a setting
and movement: a flexible shot
 Close-up–
This shows very little background, and concentrateson either a face
or a detail of Mise-En-Scene. This shot magnifiesthe object and
shows the importanceof things
 Extreme close-up–
As its name suggests, an extreme version of the close up, generally
magnifyingbeyond whatthe human eye would experiencein reality.
An extreme close-up of a face, for instance would only show mouthor
eyes

2.  Point of view –
This is a shot where wesee what the actor sees through their own
eyes – identification/ sympathy with the viewer or a sense of
discomfort/tension if the point of view is hostile
 Subjective POV or Over shoulder shot –
This is a shot where wesee what the actor sees, but notthrough their
own eyes – This putsthe viewer in the scene, but as an accomplice to
the action
 Two shot –
This shows a conversation/link or reaction between characters,
hero/villain/antagonist/protagonist – a connection, relationship or
conflict
 Shot/ Reverse shot –
IS where one character is shown looking 9Often off-screen)at
another character, and then the other character is shown looking
“back” at the first character. Since the characters are shown facing in
oppositedirections, the viewer unconsciously assumesthat they are
looking at each other (the 180 degreerule)
 Pans –
A movementwhich scans a scene horizontally. The camerais placed
on a tripod, which operates as a stationary axis pointas the camera is
turned, often to follow a movingobject which is kept in the middleof
the frame
 Tilts –
A movementwhich scans a scene vertically, otherwise similar to a
pan
 High-angle –
Information aboutcharacter. This shot looks down on the action
from a superior position – The observer dominates, power, higher
status

3.  Low-angle –
This shot looks up at the action from below, an inferior position – the
observer is vulnerable, weak and in lower status
 Dolly shot –
Sometimes called a TRACKINGshot. The camera is placed on a
movingvehicle and movesalongside the action, generally followinga
movingfigureor object
 Hand-held shots –
The hand-held camera gives a jerky, ragged effect, totally at odds
with organised smoothnessof a dolly shot, and is favoured by
filmmakerslooking for a gritty realism
 Zoom/ reverse zoom –
This is when the camera gets closer to or movesaway from the action
in every movement. The zoom lensneed not be moved, likewith a
dolly/tracking shot