The document defines and describes various types of camera shots and angles used in filmmaking. It explains that establishing shots are wide exterior shots that set the scene, while crane and aerial shots capture dynamic action from above using cranes or helicopters. Close-ups focus on details or a character's face to convey emotion or importance. Point-of-view and over-the-shoulder shots put the viewer in a character's perspective. Shot reverse shots show a conversation between two characters. High and low angle shots manipulate the viewer's perspective to influence how they view the characters.

1. Can be takenfrom as much as a
quarter of a mile away, and is
generally usedas a scene-setting,
establishing shot. It normally shows
an EXTERIOR, eg the outside of a
building, or a landscape, and is often
usedto show scenes of thrilling
actioneg in a war film or disaster
movie.
Establishing Shot
This is a broader shot, showing
perhaps parts of the set or externals
– To emphasise size, scale, the
dramatic or epic.
Wide shot
Basically, dolly-shots-in-the-air. A
crane is a useful way of moving a
camera - it can move up, down, left,
right, swooping in on actionor
moving diagonally out of it.
Crane Shot
An exciting variationof a crane shot,
usually takenfrom a helicopter. This
is oftenusedat the beginning of a
film, in order to establishsetting
and movement. A helicopter is like a
particularly flexiblesort of crane - it
can go anywhere, keepup with
anything, move in and out of a
scene, and convey real drama and
exhilaration.
Aerial Shot / Birds eye view
This shows very little background,
and concentrates oneither aface,
or a detail of mise en scene. This
shot magnifies the object and shows
the importance of things, be it
words writtenonpaper, or the
expressiononsomeone's face.
This shot takes us into the mind of a
character. soa close upof a face is a
very intimate shot. A film-maker
Close Up

2. may use this tomake us feel extra
comfortable or extremely
uncomfortable about a character.
As its name suggests, anextreme
versionof the close up, generally
magnifying beyond what the human
eye would experienceinreality. An
extreme close-upof a face, for
instance, wouldshow only the
mouth or eyes.
Extreme Close Up
This is a shot were we see what the
actor sees throughtheir owneyes –
identification/sympathy withthe
viewer or a sense of discomfort/
tensionif the point of view is
hostile.
Point of view
This is a shot were we see what the
actor sees but not throughtheir
own eyes – This puts the viewer in
the scene, but as an accomplice to
the action.
Over the shoulder
This shows a conversation/link or
reactionbetween 2 characters or
hero/villain/ antagonist/
protagonist – a connection,
relationshipor conflict.
Two Shot
Is where one character is shown
looking (oftenoff-screen) at another
character, and thenthe other
character is shownlooking "back" at
the first character. Since the
characters are shownfacing in
Shot reverse shot

3. opposite directions, the viewer
unconsciously assumes that they are
looking at each other (the 180
degree rule).
A movement whichscans a scene
horizontally. The camerais placed
on a tripod, whichoperates as a
stationary axis point as the camera
is turned, oftento follow a moving
object whichis kept in the middle of
the frame.
Pans
A movement whichscans a scene
vertically, otherwisesimilar toa
pan.
Tilts
This shot looks down on the action
from a superior position - The
observer dominates, power, higher
status.
Highangle shot
This shot looks up at the action from
below, an inferior position –the
observer is vulnerable, weak and
lower in status
Low angle shot
This is whenthe camera gets closer
to or moves away from the action in
a very quick movement.
This can suggest surveillance,
Zoom/reverse zoom

4. voyeurismand intense observation.