The document discusses different elements of sound design in film and television. It describes how sound must be carefully mixed to emphasize important sounds and set the proper atmosphere. It distinguishes between diegetic sounds, which come from visible or implied sources within the story, and non-diegetic sounds, which do not have a visible source. Examples are given like dialogue, sound effects, and musical scores. Specific sound techniques are also outlined such as synchronous sounds that match the action, asynchronous sounds from outside the story world, and contrapuntal sounds that provide alternative meanings.

1. Sound
 Film/ TV sound has to be mixed very carefully to ensure
that importantsoundsareemphasised and that the correct
atmosphere for a sequence is maintained
 Selective sound - is used to emphasisekey sound elements
within a sequence
 Ambient sound – is used to create a particular atmosphere
or a sense of place
Other elements of sound design look for:
 Sound bridges – the use of sound to help transition between
sequences passmore fluidly
 Sound effects – these are used to create a sense of realism
and create somephysiological impact or effect
Diegetic sound:
 Sound whosesource is visible on the screen or whose source
is implied to be presentby the action of the film:
 1. Voices of characters
 2. Soundsmadeby objects in the story
 3. Musicrepresented as coming from instrumentsin the
story space
 Diegetic sound is any sound presented asoriginated from
sourcewithin the film’s world

2.  Diegetic sound can be either on screen or off screen
dependingon whatever its source can be used to create
many differentmeaningsfor an audience
Non-Diegetic sound:
 Sound whosesource is neither visible on screen nor has
been implied to be presentIn the action:
 1. Narrator’s commentary
 2. Sound effects which are added for dramaticeffect
 3. Musical score/soundtrack
 Synchronous sound – This is when a sound effectis
matched with another technical even or action – This
reinforcesthe effect
 Asynchronous sound – This is when a sound originates
from outsideof the diegetic reality of the film; musical
soundtrack
 Contrapuntal – Noise or sound effectwhich doesn’tmatch
the visuals, often juxtaposed, to create alternative meaning
 Voiceover – This is the ‘voice’ of character. This voice often
guidesor informsthe external audiencebutcan be used to
pushthem in wrongnarrativedirections
 Theme music – This is the musicthat introduces, develops
throughout and endsthe film. It often indicates the
‘personality’ and ode of addressof the movie.
 Musical score - Used to create atmosphere, to link shots or
sequences, to help create the narrative or to offer
information about characters

3.  Silence - film/TV are very rarely completely silent but this
effect is occasionally used to provokeareaction from the
audience