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1. Sound
 Film/ TV sound has to be mixed very carefully to ensure
that importantsoundsareemphasised and that the correct
atmosphere for a sequence is maintained
 Selective sound - is used to emphasisekey sound elements
within a sequence
 Ambient sound – is used to create a particular atmosphere
or a sense of place
Other elements of sound design look for:
 Sound bridges – the use of sound to help transition between
sequences passmore fluidly
 Sound effects – these are used to create a sense of realism
and create somephysiological impact or effect
Diegetic sound:
 Sound whosesource is visible on the screen or whose source
is implied to be presentby the action of the film:
 1. Voices of characters
 2. Soundsmadeby objects in the story
 3. Musicrepresented as coming from instrumentsin the
story space
 Diegetic sound is any sound presented asoriginated from
sourcewithin the film’s world

2.  Diegetic sound can be either on screen or off screen
dependingon whatever its source can be used to create
many differentmeaningsfor an audience
Non-Diegetic sound:
 Sound whosesource is neither visible on screen nor has
been implied to be presentIn the action:
 1. Narrator’s commentary
 2. Sound effects which are added for dramaticeffect
 3. Musical score/soundtrack
 Synchronous sound – This is when a sound effectis
matched with another technical even or action – This
reinforcesthe effect
 Asynchronous sound – This is when a sound originates
from outsideof the diegetic reality of the film; musical
soundtrack
 Contrapuntal – Noise or sound effectwhich doesn’tmatch
the visuals, often juxtaposed, to create alternative meaning
 Voiceover – This is the ‘voice’ of character. This voice often
guidesor informsthe external audiencebutcan be used to
pushthem in wrongnarrativedirections
 Theme music – This is the musicthat introduces, develops
throughout and endsthe film. It often indicates the
‘personality’ and ode of addressof the movie.
 Musical score - Used to create atmosphere, to link shots or
sequences, to help create the narrative or to offer
information about characters

3.  Silence - film/TV are very rarely completely silent but this
effect is occasionally used to provokeareaction from the
audience