Cinematography techniques are used to tell a visual story and provide context. Some key techniques include establishing shots which set the scene, wide shots which show a large setting, and close-ups which focus on a person's face to show emotion. Different shot types like long shots, medium shots, and point-of-view shots help viewers understand characters' perspectives and relationships. Camera movements like pans, tilts, tracks and zooms are also used to guide attention and enhance scenes. Proper use of these cinematography techniques helps audiences understand when and where the story takes place.