This document summarizes a study on evaluating cache performance for multiprocessor systems. The study investigated how the number of processors and cache coherency protocols affect level 1 data cache performance. It used a Linux-based SystemC simulation with CPU, cache and memory modules to test snooping and directory-based coherency protocols. The results showed that execution time increases with more processors, snooping has a direct effect on caches, and directory-based protocols have a slight performance edge over snooping.
Caches in multiprocessing environment introduce the Cache Coherence problem.
When multiple processors maintain locally cached copies of a unique shared memory location, any local modification of the location can result in a globally inconsistent view of memory. This is called Cache Coherence Problem.
A brief discussion about its solutions are given.
Comparative study on Cache Coherence Protocolsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Caches in multiprocessing environment introduce the Cache Coherence problem.
When multiple processors maintain locally cached copies of a unique shared memory location, any local modification of the location can result in a globally inconsistent view of memory. This is called Cache Coherence Problem.
A brief discussion about its solutions are given.
Comparative study on Cache Coherence Protocolsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Coherence and consistency models in multiprocessor architectureUniversity of Pisa
Cache coherence and consistency model in multiprocessor architecture. These slide show the introduction of multiprocessor and cache multilevel and then describe the basic mechanism of coherence and consistency protocols. In particular the protocols describe are the following: snooping and directory protocols for the coherence part and sequential protocol for the consistency part. There are also example of (in)consistency and (in)coherence.
Coherence and consistency models in multiprocessor architectureUniversity of Pisa
Cache coherence and consistency model in multiprocessor architecture. These slide show the introduction of multiprocessor and cache multilevel and then describe the basic mechanism of coherence and consistency protocols. In particular the protocols describe are the following: snooping and directory protocols for the coherence part and sequential protocol for the consistency part. There are also example of (in)consistency and (in)coherence.
MODULE III Parallel Processors and Memory Organization 15 Hours
Parallel Processors: Introduction to parallel processors, Concurrent access to memory and cache
coherency. Introduction to multicore architecture. Memory system design: semiconductor memory
technologies, memory organization. Memory interleaving, concept of hierarchical memory
organization, cache memory, cache size vs. block size, mapping functions, replacement
algorithms, write policies.
Case Study: Instruction sets of some common CPUs - Design of a simple hypothetical CPU- A
sequential Y86-64 design-Sun Ultra SPARC II pipeline structure
Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or the execution of processes are carried out simultaneously. Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has been employed for many years, mainly in high-performance computing, but interest in it has grown lately due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling. As power consumption (and consequently heat generation) by computers has become a concern in recent years, parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture, mainly in the form of multi-core processors.
Factored Operating Systems (fos) - The Case for a Scalable Operating System for Multicores - Designing a new operating system targeting manycore
systems with scalability as the primary design constraint,
where space sharing replaces time sharing to increase
scalability.
Greg Casey from Dell EMC presented this talk at the OpenFabrics Workshop: GEN-Z: An Overview and Use Cases.
“This session will focus on the new Gen-Z memory-semantic fabric. The speaker will show the audience why Gen-Z is needed, how Gen-Z operates, what is expected in first products that employ Gen-Z, and encourage participation in finalizing the Gen-Z specifications. Gen-Z will be connecting components inside of servers as well as connecting servers with pools of memory, storage, and acceleration devices through a switch environment.”
Watch the video: http://insidehpc.com/2017/04/gen-z-overview-use-cases/
Learn more: http://genzconsortium.org/
and
https://www.openfabrics.org/index.php/2017-ofa-workshop-presentations.html
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
Cache Performance Evaluation
1.
2. Cache Performance Evaluation
for Multiprocessor System
Drs. Alfred Mutanga
Management Information Systems Specialist
University of Venda
Date: 17 November 2013
Venue: Novotel Hotel, World Trade Centre, Dubai, UAE
3. Why a Cache Performance Evaluation System?
????
The Memory Wall?
– Memory and Processor Speeds
• Processors Speeds rising dramatically at 75%/p.a.
• Memory clock speeds at a paltry 7% p.a.
– Result: A divergence in the Operating Speeds
4. Research Questions
1. To what extend do the number of processors in
multiprocessor architectures affect the
performance of level one (L1) data Cache
Memory Systems?
2. How do cache coherency protocols influence the
Level-1 Data Cache memory performances of
multiprocessor architectures?
5. Theoretical Framework
The Challenges of Multi-core architectures?
– Programmability
– Scalability
– Communications
– Management of heterogeneous architectures
– Cache Memory Systems
– Attempts to increase memory bandwidth by
introducing concurrency in memory access
– Required regular memory access patterns – resulted
in degradation in memory performance
6. Memory Hierarchy
Architectural issues of Memory Hierarchy?
– Brings conflicting requirements in the memory systems
• Computing systems require a large and fast memory to scale
up performances
– MH attempts to make slow memory appear fast by
buffering data into smaller faster memories close to
CPUs
– Electronic Systems: Slow down as they increase in
size (compromise between power and performance)
– Most common solution to Memory wall is to cache
data
7. Research Methodology
CPU
CACHE
CPU
CPU
CACHE
CACHE
INTERCONNECTION NETWORK
CPU
CACHE
• Linux Environment – Arch
Linux
• SystemC
• Memory Trace Files
• Fast Fourier Trace Files
• Random Trace Files
• Debugging Trace Files
• Distributed Shared Memory
System
• Cache Coherence Protocols
• Snoopy (Valid-Invalid)
• Directory based (MOESI)
• Cache Memory
MEMORY
• 32KB Level-1 Data Cache
• 32 Byte line
8. Design and Implementation in SystemC
• Memory Module-simulated the Shared bulk (RAM)
• CPU Module-has to connect to the other modules such
as the cache, and memory using the appropriate ports
• Cache Module- defined the Cache properties and
macros that were used throughout the simulation
• Simple Bus Module- connected to the different address
ports in the cache using an appropriate bus signal
• Cache Helper Libraries- represented files that collected
the traces of the memory requests during each program
execution
13. Conclusions
• Write-invalidate-needs management of dynamic
requests
• Execution time-increases with number of processors
• Snooping- has a direct effect on cache
• Synchronization of caches and optimizations in the
compiler- can increase cache performance
• Cache Coherency protocols- directory based cache
coherency protocols have a slight performance edge
over Snooping cache coherency protocols