Combustion Chamber 3/5
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The document discusses ignition and fuel supply in gas turbines. It describes how ignition occurs during start up when an igniter plug lights the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. Some gas turbines can burn mixtures of gas and liquid fuels. It also describes the different types of fuel nozzles used, including vaporizer, atomizer, swirl, simplex, duple, duplex, spill, and rotary nozzles. The fuel nozzles inject and atomize fuel into the combustion chamber for combustion.
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Combustion Chamber 3/5
- 2. Ignition occurs during the start cycle FUEL is injected at the upstream end of the burner. *** Some gas turbines are “bi-fuel”. They may burn a mixture of gas and liquid fuel. Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 3. The igniter plug(s) is (are) located in the combustion liner adjacent to the start fuel nozzle. The flame lights off the can closest the igniter and cross tubesa typical number flame rapidly conduct the TW is O to the other combustion cans. Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 4. On engine shutdown, or, if start failure occurs, the combustion chamber drain pressure-actuated valve automatically DRAINS any raw fuel from the combustion chamber Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 5. Fuel Nozzles Fuel must be atomised or vaporised Function: inject the fuel into the combustion chamber Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 6. Common Types • Vaporiser • Atomiser Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 9. Swirl Atomiser • consists of a small cylindrical or conical cavity into which a number of streams of fuel enter through tangential holes. • The direction of fuel entry into the cavity creates a vortex and the swirling fuel leaves in atomised form from a single orifice. Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 10. SIMPLEX
- 11. provides good atomisation at HIGH fuel pressures • unsatisfactory at LOW fuel pressures and at LOW engine rpm, especially at high altitudes. Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 12. DUPLE & DUPLEX
- 13. • two sets of atomisers, one for low flows and both combined for high flows • two manifolds, the primary and the main, supply fuel to the nozzles • each nozzle has two swirl chambers, one for the primary flow and the other for the main flow Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 14. Spill Type • supply fuel to the swirl chamber at a high pressure all the time • ADVANTAGE: satisfactory swirl providing constant and efficient fuel atomisation (even at the extremely low fuel flows that occur at high altitude) Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 15. Rotary Atomizer • feeds fuel into the centre of the main shaft • fuel is atomised by the CENTRIFUGAL action of the shaft. Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424
- 17. • Primary air is introduced with the injected fuel. Aerating the spray in this manner achieves greater burning efficiency, therefore reducing both carbon formation and exhaust smoke. The comparatively low pressures required for atomisation also makes it possible to use the lighter gear-type pump. Intro Process Fuel supply Types COMBUSTIONMaterials CHAMBER AE 424