This document summarizes the optimization of a circularly polarized knight's helm shaped patch antenna for ultra wideband applications. The proposed antenna was designed on an FR-4 substrate and capable of operating from 3.04GHz to 10.96GHz, covering various wireless standards. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved a return loss below -10dB and VSWR less than 2 across the bandwidth. Parameters like gain, directivity, radiation efficiency and electric/magnetic fields were also calculated at 10GHz to analyze the antenna's performance. The optimized antenna structure was then fabricated using photolithography and testing validated it could operate within the allocated UWB frequency band.
Improving the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna by using ebg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges being faced by today's medical world. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of spices has been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in order to tackle these dangers. In search of bioactive compound, methanol and acetone extract of 5 Indian spices were screened for antibacterial property. The choice of spice as an alternative is based on two basic reasons: firstly, plants have been the model source of medicine since ancient times and secondly, the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines by general population methanolic and acetone extracts were used to determine antifungal properties of the spices. The antifungal activity of five common Indian spices namely clove, ajwain, turmeric, dalchini and black pepper against two bacteria Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of spices (MIC values of 20- 100 μl/ml) have high antimicrobial activities on all test organisms (range of inhibition, 6- 16 mm) as compare to acetone extracts of spices in same concentration. Results concluded that these spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial Properties, Secondary Metabolites, Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens.
Circular Patch Antenna Performance using EBG StructureIDES Editor
Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structures are a
popular and efficient technique for microwave applications.
EBG may be combined with microstrip antenna to increase
the diversity gain, the radiation efficiency and/or to suppress
surface waves, to reduce the side lobes of the radiation pattern
and to increase the bandwidth. In this paper, two different
structures will be presented and discussed, which involve: (1)
EBG structure fed by circular patch antenna, and (2) circular
patch antenna surrounded by one row of EBG structure. The
influence of the EBG structure on the radiation patterns is
investigated. The effect of the surface waves is also considered.
Finally, the reduction of the side lobes of the radiation pattern
to increase the bandwidth is presented.
Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure for Antenna Design iosrjce
A dual band electromagnetic band gap structure is designed, simulated and measured. This is
carried out using CST microwave studio software, the design is carried out on FR-4 substrate by Method of
Suspended Transmission Line. The structure posses a dual band gap that effectively suppress surface wave at
the dual frequencies. The result from the simulation gives dual band gaps that resonate at 1.8GHz and 4.0GHz
and the measured result resonate at 1.8GHz and 4.3GHz, this show there is a good agreement between the two
results. The structure is simple and easily incorporated with microwave and wireless devices
An Internal Wideband Monopole Antenna for UMTS/WLAN Dual-Mode Mobile PhoneSaou-Wen Su
An internal wideband metal-plate monopole antenna for mobile phone applications is presented. The antenna is easily fabricated by bending a single metal plate and suitable to be embedded within the casing of a mobile phone as an internal antenna. Further, the antenna shows a wide operating bandwidth of about 5 GHz (about 1.8−6.7 GHz), making it easy to cover the UMTS band and the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands for mobile/WLAN dual-mode operation for a mobile phone.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized multiband, single-feed microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper for
WLAN and WiMAX applications. Both size reduction and multiband are obtained by etching the Multiple
Complementary Split Ring Resonators (MC-SRR) on the ground plane of the normal patch antenna. At
first, the normal patch antenna produces a single band of 5.15 GHz; 200 MHz (5.0500~5.2499).
Subsequently, a Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (SC-SRR) is etched on the ground plane and
produces a triple band of: 3.25 GHz; 288 MHz (3.1085~3.3964), 4.5 GHz; 101.3 MHz (4.4488~4.5501),
and 5.22 GHz; 220 MHz (5.1191~5.3400) and Double Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (DC-MCSRR)
with: 2.99 GHz; 60.7 MHz (2.9574~3.0181), 3.57 GHz; 324.7 MHz (3.4065~3.7312), and 5.1413 GHz;
115.4 MHz (5.0817~5.1971). The working bandwidths cover the desired frequency bands of WLAN
5.2 GHz and WiMAX 3.3/3.5 GHz. The proposed (MC-SRR) antenna can be employed to wireless
communication systems due to its simplicity in design, compactness and miniaturization.
Design of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN ApplicationEditor IJMTER
In this paper we propose a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with inset fed which can
operate at 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b) & 5.8 GHz (IEEE 802.11a) WLAN applications. Various slot is
cut into the antenna structure which changes the surface current path resulting in dual resonant
frequency. Further by embedding any switch into a slot, reconfiguration can be achieved i.e. the
antenna can only be used in unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. The achieved directivity is greater than 5db and
the bandwidth obtained is much greater than the required bandwidth. The proposed antenna is
simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array at 3.8 GHz for WiMax Applicationiosrjce
The aim of this work is to miniaturize microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 3.8 GHz
suitable for WiMax application using defected ground structure (DGS).The DGS has been employed to shift the
resonance frequency of an initial microstrip antenna array from 5.2 GHz to 3.8 GHz by disturbing the
antenna’s current distribution. The proposed DGS is integrated in the ground plane under the patch antenna
array for size reduction. Finally, the miniaturization up to 45% with respect to the conventional microstrip
antenna is successfully accomplished. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated with the RT-Duriod substrate.
This technique has been validated experimentally and measured results were found to be in good agreement
with simulated results.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER MONOPOLE ANTENNAjantjournal
The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and
2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Frequency Diversity Using RF MEMSIOSR Journals
A novel reconfigurable patch antenna for frequency diversity is proposed by reconfiguring its
geometry using tree rectangular tapes that are connected to the patch via six RF MEMS switches. So switching
between the different frequency bands is achieved by using capacitive series RF-MEMS switches. The antenna
was designed to operate at 2.6 GHz, 3.1 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz
Improving the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna by using ebg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges being faced by today's medical world. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of spices has been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in order to tackle these dangers. In search of bioactive compound, methanol and acetone extract of 5 Indian spices were screened for antibacterial property. The choice of spice as an alternative is based on two basic reasons: firstly, plants have been the model source of medicine since ancient times and secondly, the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines by general population methanolic and acetone extracts were used to determine antifungal properties of the spices. The antifungal activity of five common Indian spices namely clove, ajwain, turmeric, dalchini and black pepper against two bacteria Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of spices (MIC values of 20- 100 μl/ml) have high antimicrobial activities on all test organisms (range of inhibition, 6- 16 mm) as compare to acetone extracts of spices in same concentration. Results concluded that these spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial Properties, Secondary Metabolites, Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens.
Circular Patch Antenna Performance using EBG StructureIDES Editor
Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structures are a
popular and efficient technique for microwave applications.
EBG may be combined with microstrip antenna to increase
the diversity gain, the radiation efficiency and/or to suppress
surface waves, to reduce the side lobes of the radiation pattern
and to increase the bandwidth. In this paper, two different
structures will be presented and discussed, which involve: (1)
EBG structure fed by circular patch antenna, and (2) circular
patch antenna surrounded by one row of EBG structure. The
influence of the EBG structure on the radiation patterns is
investigated. The effect of the surface waves is also considered.
Finally, the reduction of the side lobes of the radiation pattern
to increase the bandwidth is presented.
Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure for Antenna Design iosrjce
A dual band electromagnetic band gap structure is designed, simulated and measured. This is
carried out using CST microwave studio software, the design is carried out on FR-4 substrate by Method of
Suspended Transmission Line. The structure posses a dual band gap that effectively suppress surface wave at
the dual frequencies. The result from the simulation gives dual band gaps that resonate at 1.8GHz and 4.0GHz
and the measured result resonate at 1.8GHz and 4.3GHz, this show there is a good agreement between the two
results. The structure is simple and easily incorporated with microwave and wireless devices
An Internal Wideband Monopole Antenna for UMTS/WLAN Dual-Mode Mobile PhoneSaou-Wen Su
An internal wideband metal-plate monopole antenna for mobile phone applications is presented. The antenna is easily fabricated by bending a single metal plate and suitable to be embedded within the casing of a mobile phone as an internal antenna. Further, the antenna shows a wide operating bandwidth of about 5 GHz (about 1.8−6.7 GHz), making it easy to cover the UMTS band and the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands for mobile/WLAN dual-mode operation for a mobile phone.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized multiband, single-feed microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper for
WLAN and WiMAX applications. Both size reduction and multiband are obtained by etching the Multiple
Complementary Split Ring Resonators (MC-SRR) on the ground plane of the normal patch antenna. At
first, the normal patch antenna produces a single band of 5.15 GHz; 200 MHz (5.0500~5.2499).
Subsequently, a Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (SC-SRR) is etched on the ground plane and
produces a triple band of: 3.25 GHz; 288 MHz (3.1085~3.3964), 4.5 GHz; 101.3 MHz (4.4488~4.5501),
and 5.22 GHz; 220 MHz (5.1191~5.3400) and Double Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (DC-MCSRR)
with: 2.99 GHz; 60.7 MHz (2.9574~3.0181), 3.57 GHz; 324.7 MHz (3.4065~3.7312), and 5.1413 GHz;
115.4 MHz (5.0817~5.1971). The working bandwidths cover the desired frequency bands of WLAN
5.2 GHz and WiMAX 3.3/3.5 GHz. The proposed (MC-SRR) antenna can be employed to wireless
communication systems due to its simplicity in design, compactness and miniaturization.
Design of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN ApplicationEditor IJMTER
In this paper we propose a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with inset fed which can
operate at 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b) & 5.8 GHz (IEEE 802.11a) WLAN applications. Various slot is
cut into the antenna structure which changes the surface current path resulting in dual resonant
frequency. Further by embedding any switch into a slot, reconfiguration can be achieved i.e. the
antenna can only be used in unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. The achieved directivity is greater than 5db and
the bandwidth obtained is much greater than the required bandwidth. The proposed antenna is
simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array at 3.8 GHz for WiMax Applicationiosrjce
The aim of this work is to miniaturize microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 3.8 GHz
suitable for WiMax application using defected ground structure (DGS).The DGS has been employed to shift the
resonance frequency of an initial microstrip antenna array from 5.2 GHz to 3.8 GHz by disturbing the
antenna’s current distribution. The proposed DGS is integrated in the ground plane under the patch antenna
array for size reduction. Finally, the miniaturization up to 45% with respect to the conventional microstrip
antenna is successfully accomplished. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated with the RT-Duriod substrate.
This technique has been validated experimentally and measured results were found to be in good agreement
with simulated results.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER MONOPOLE ANTENNAjantjournal
The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and
2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Frequency Diversity Using RF MEMSIOSR Journals
A novel reconfigurable patch antenna for frequency diversity is proposed by reconfiguring its
geometry using tree rectangular tapes that are connected to the patch via six RF MEMS switches. So switching
between the different frequency bands is achieved by using capacitive series RF-MEMS switches. The antenna
was designed to operate at 2.6 GHz, 3.1 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5 GHz
Survey on Restful Web Services Using Open Authorization (Oauth)I01545356IOSR Journals
Abstract: Web services are application based programming interfaces (API) or web APIs that are accessed
through Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to execute on a remote system hosting the requested services. A
RESTFUL web service is a budding technology, and a light weight approach that do not restrict the clientserver
communication. The open authorization (OAuth) 2.0 protocol enables the users to grant third-party
application access to their web resources without sharing their login credential data. The Authorization Server
includes authorization information with the Access Token and signs the Access Token. An access token can be
reused until it expires. An authentication filter is used for business services. This paper presents a secure
communication at the message level with minimum overhead and provides a fine grained authenticity using the
Jersey framework.
Keywords: Open authorization (oauth), Restful web services, HTTP protocols and uniform resource
identifier(URI).
Abstract: We present a new algorithm, called the soft-tissue filter that can make both soft and bone tissue clearly visible in digital cephalic radiographies under a wide range of exposures. It uses a mixture model made up of two Gaussian distributions and one inverted lognormal distribution to analyze the image histogram. The image is clustered in three parts: background, soft tissue, and bone using this model. Improvement in the visibility of both structures is achieved through a local transformation based on gamma correction, stretching, and saturation, which is applied using different parameters for bone and soft-tissue pixels. A processing time of 1 s for 5 M pixel images allows the filter to operate in real time. Although the default value of the filter parameters is adequate for most images, real-time operation allows adjustment to recover under- and overexposed images or to obtain the best quality subjectively. The filter was extensively clinically tested: quantitative and qualitative results are reported here Index Terms: Digital radiography, histogram-based clustering, image enhancement, local gamma correction
Analysis of Interfacial Microsstructure of Post Weld Heat Treated Dissimilar ...IOSR Journals
In Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), the main vessel which contains the primary sodium and supports the
core is suspended from the roof slab. The materials for construction for main vessel and roof slab are type 316LN austenitic
stainless steel and Carbon steel of grade A48P2, respectively. As the materials of construction are different, a transition joint
between austenitic stainless steel and C-steel is necessary. In this investigation the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the interfacial microstructure of as-welded and PWHTed type 316LN/C-steel joint welded with Inconel 182 was investigated. These joints were PWHTed to various temperatures between 898 to 973K for 1h and results were evaluated. From the above results, different methods to temper the martensitic structure or to change to an equilibrium structure without PWHT are also presented.
Compact Rectangular Slot Microstrip Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics...jmicro
In this paper, we present an offset microstrip-fed ultrawideband antenna with band notch
characteristics.The antenna structure consists of rectangular radiating patch and ground plane with
rectangular shaped slot, which increases impedance bandwidth upto 117.73%(2.9-11.2GHz).A new
modified U slot is etched in the radiating patch to create band-notched properties in the WiMAX (3.3-
3.7GHz) and C-band satellite communication (3.7-4.15GHz).Furthermore, parametric studies have been
conducted using EM simulation software CADFEKO suite(7.0) and optimized with stable radiation pattern
which satisfied UWB requirement for VSWR<2.A prototype of antenna is fabricated on 1.6mm thick FR-4
substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02.The designed antenna exhibits
bidirectional and omni directional radiation patterns along E and H-plane with stable gain and efficiency
over entire operating band except notch frequency band. Simulated results are in good agreement with the
measured results of the proposed antenna which makes it a good candidate for UWB application.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Compact Rectangular Slot Microstrip Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics...jmicro
n this paper, we present an offset microstrip-fed ultraw
ideband antenna with band notch
characteristics.The antenna structure consists of rectangular r
adiating patch and ground plane with
rectangular shaped slot, which increases impedance bandwidth upto 1
17.73%(2.9-11.2GHz).A new
modified U slot is etched in the radiating patch to create band-
notched properties in the WiMAX (3.3-
3.7GHz) and C-band satellite communication (3.7-4.15GHz).Further
more, parametric studies have been
conducted using EM simulation software CADFEKO suite(7.0) and
optimized with stable radiation pattern
which satisfied UWB requirement for VSWR<2.A prototype of ante
nna is fabricated on 1.6mm thick FR-4
substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02
.The designed antenna exhibits
bidirectional and omni directional radiation patterns along E and
H-plane with stable gain and efficiency
over entire operating band except notch frequency band. Simulated res
ults are in good agreement with the
measured results of the proposed antenna which makes it a good
candidate for UWB application.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
DESIGN & PARAMETRIC STUDY OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR UW...IJEEE
A Microstrip fed antenna which consists of a
rectangular patch with rectangular shaped slot incorporated
into patch is presented for ultra wide band application with
enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 8.9GHz (2.3-11.2GHz) with
VSWR< 2 for over the entire bandwidth.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite App...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications.
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DESIGN OF A MINIATURE RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA FOR KU BAND APPLICATIONSijasa
A significant portion of communication devices employs microstrip antennas because of their compact size,
low profile, and ability to conform to both planar and non-planar surfaces. To achieve this, we present a
miniature inset-fed rectangular patch antenna using partial ground plane for Ku band applications. The
proposed antenna design used an operating frequency of 15.5 GHz, a FR4 substrate with a dielectric
constant of 4.3, and a thickness of 1.4 mm. It is fed by a 50 Ω inset feedline. Computer simulation
technology (CST) software is used to design, simulate, and analyze. The simulation yields the antenna
performance parameters, including return loss (S11), bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, and radiation
efficiency. The simulation findings revealed that the proposed antenna resonated at 15.5 GHz, with a
return loss of -22.312 dB, a bandwidth of 2.73 GHz (2730 MHz), VSWR of 1.17, a gain of 3.843 dBi, a
directivity of 5.926 dBi, and an antenna efficiency of -2.083 dB (61.901%).
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
C010111117
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan – Feb. 2015), PP 11-17
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10111117 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
An Optimization Of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped
Patch Antenna For Ultra Wide Band Application
Mr.Abhishek Karwa1
, Mr.Ashish Mathur2
, Mrs.Geetika Mathur
1
Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE, JIET School of Engg. and Technology for Girls
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA
2
Asso. Professor, Dept. of ECE, JIET School of Engg. and Technology for Girls
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA
3
Asso. Professor, Dept. of ECE, Jodhpur Institute of Engg. and Technology
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA
Abstract: In this paper, the radiation performance of a small printed knight’s helm shape patch antenna
designed on glass epoxy FR4 substrate discussed. The proposed antenna is capable to cover Wi MAX, Wi Fi,
WBAN and Bluetooth operations and UWB applications. The Simulated results for various parameters like
radiation patterns, total field gain, return loss, VSWR, radiation efficiency etc. are also calculated with high
frequency structure simulator HFSS. Its simulate results display impedance bandwidth from 3.04 GHz to
10.96GHz the antenna complies with the return loss of S11 less then -10db and VSWR < 2 throughout the
impedance bandwidth.
Keywords: Ultra-Wide Band, Multiband Band, Patch antenna
I. Introduction
FCC (Federal communications commission) allocated a block of radio spectrum from 3.1GHz to 10.6
GHz for UWB operations [1].UWB systems can support more than 500 Mbps data transmission within 10m [2].
Compact size, low-cost printed antennas with Wideband and Ultra wideband characteristic are desired in
modern communications. The Ultra wide band antennas can be classified as directional and Omni-directional
antennas [3]. A directional antenna have the high gain and relatively large in size. It has narrow field of view.
Whereas the omni-directional antenna have low gain and relatively small in size. It has wide field of view as
they radiates in all the directions [4].
The UWB antennas have broad band. There are many challenges in UWB antenna design. One of the
challenges is to achieve wide impedance bandwidth. UWB antennas are typically required to attain a bandwidth,
which reaches greater than 100% of the center frequency to ensure a sufficient impedance match is attained
throughout the band such that a power loss less than 10% due to reflections occurs at the antenna terminals.
Various planar shapes, such as square, circular, triangular, and elliptical shapes are analyzed [5].Compared with
monopole based planar antennas, the design of ultra wide band circular ring type antennas is difficult because of
effect of the ground Plane.
Fig. 1 UWB Spectral Mask per FCC (Modified) Part 15 Rules [1]
2. An Optimization of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna For Ultra Wide Band…
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10111117 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
The bandwidth of the micro strip antenna can be enhanced by modifying the ground plane [6]. Many
designers have tried various ways to improve the structure of the traditional rectangular antenna, and many
valuable results have been obtained [7].
II. Antenna Configuration And Design
For patch antenna the length and width are used as calculated from the equations. The expression for
εreff is given by Balanis as [8]:
(1)
The dimensions of the patch along its length have now been extended on each end by a distance ∆L,
which is given empirically by Hammerstad as:
(2)
The effective length of the patch Leff now becomes:
Leff = L + 2 ΔL (3)
For a given resonance frequency fo , the effective length is given by
(4)
For a rectangular microstrip patch antenna, the resonance frequency for TM mn mode is given by
James and Hall as-
(5)
For efficient radiation, the width W is given by –
(6)
The motivation of UWB antenna is to design a small and simple omnidirectional antenna that
introduces low distortions with large bandwidth. The knight’s helm shape antenna presented is fabricated on a
30 mm x30 mm 1.6-mm-thick FR4 board with a double slotted rectangular patch tapered from a 50-Ohm feed
line, and a partial ground plane flushed with the Feed line. The geometry of the antenna is as shown in Fig 2 the
two slots have a dimension of 2 mm x4 mm with a distance of 3 mm apart.
Table 1 Dimensions (in mm) of a CPM antenna
Fig. 2 Geometry of double slotted rectangular patch tapered Antenna
Wsub L sub L1 L2 L3 L4 W1
30 30 12.5 11.5 26 7.5 15
3. An Optimization of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna For Ultra Wide Band…
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10111117 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
The proposed antenna designed on a FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant εr = 4.4 and height of the
substrate is h = 1.6 mm. The substrate has length L= 30mm and width W = 30mm.The substrate is mounted on
ground of 11.5mm length and 30 mm width. The dimensions of proposed antenna are shown in Table 1.
III. Simulation Results
This antenna is suitable for operating frequency 3.04GHz to 10.96 GHz allotted by IEEE 802.16
working group for UWB applications. The VSWR obtained is less than 2 the patch antenna is found to have the
compact size and 90% Maximum Fractional Bandwidth. The return loss value of band is -25.72dB at 8.8GHz
Fig. 3 shows the comparative analysis for the optimization of ground length at Lg = 11.5 mm.
Fig. 3 To optimize the ground length Lg = 11.5 mm at 10 GHz
Form the Fig. 3 we can conclude that if we decrease the ground length (Lg) of Substrate up to a
specific manner, we can obtain the higher values of return loss and VSWR and antenna offers excellent
performance in the range of 3.9 GHz -10.96 GHz rather than various different shapes antennas used in this range
to obtain higher values of return loss and notch frequencies at Lg = 11.5 mm. The VSWR, total field gain 3.49
dB, directivity 4.15, radiation efficiency 86%, radiate power 94%, incident power 100%, E and H fields at
10GHz are also calculated in Fig. 5 to Fig. 13 respectively.
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Freq [GHz]
-30.00
-28.00
-26.00
-24.00
-22.00
-20.00
-18.00
-16.00
-14.00
-12.00
-10.00
-8.00
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
dB(S(1,1))
Ansoft Corporation HFSSDesign1Return Loss Curve
m1 m2
m3
m4
Curve Info
dB(S(1,1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
Name X Y
m1 3.0400 -10.1346
m2 10.9600 -9.8875
m3 3.8800 -13.0254
m4 8.8000 -25.7299
Fig. 4 Return Loss Curve with optimized ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
4. An Optimization of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna For Ultra Wide Band…
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10111117 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Freq [GHz]
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
11.25
VSWR(1)
HFSSDesign1VSWR ANSOFT
m1
m2
CurveInfo
VSWR(1)
Setup1: Sweep1
Name X Y
m1 2.8000 2.1460
m2 10.9000 1.9564
Fig. 5 VSWR with optimized ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
Fig. 6 Gain Total with optimized ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
Fig. 7 Directivity with optimized ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
5. An Optimization of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna For Ultra Wide Band…
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10111117 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
0.82
0.86
0.90
0.94
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
150
120
HFSSDesign1Radiation Efficiency ANSOFT
Curve Info
RadiationEfficiency
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg'
RadiationEfficiency
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='10deg'
RadiationEfficiency
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='20deg'
RadiationEfficiency
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='30deg'
RadiationEfficiency
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='40deg'
RadiationEfficiency
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='50deg'
RadiationEfficiency
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Fig. 8 Radiation Efficiency optimized ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
150
120
HFSSDesign1Accepted Power ANSOFT
Curve Info
AcceptedPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg'
AcceptedPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='10deg'
AcceptedPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='20deg'
AcceptedPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='30deg'
AcceptedPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='40deg'
AcceptedPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='50deg'
AcceptedPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Fig. 9 Accepted Power with optimized ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
0.94
0.98
1.02
1.06
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
150
120
HFSSDesign1Incident Power ANSOFT
Curve Info
IncidentPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg'
IncidentPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='10deg'
IncidentPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='20deg'
IncidentPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='30deg'
IncidentPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='40deg'
IncidentPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='50deg'
IncidentPow er
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Fig. 10 Incident Power with optimized ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
6. An Optimization of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna For Ultra Wide Band…
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10111117 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
150
120
Ansoft Corporation HFSSDesign1Axial Ratio
Curve Info
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='0deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='10deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='20deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='30deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='40deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='50deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='60deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='70deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='10GHz' Phi='80deg'
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Fig. 11 Axial Ratio with ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
Fig. 12 E- Field with ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
Fig. 13 H – field with ground length Lg = 11.5 mm
7. An Optimization of Circularly Polarized Knight’s Helm Shaped Patch Antenna For Ultra Wide Band…
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10111117 www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page
IV. Fabrication
The antenna structure is fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) using Photolithography technique.
The top view and bottom view of fabricated antenna is shown in Fig. 14.
Fig. 14 Top and Bottom view of patch antenna
V. Conclusion
The fabricated antenna has advantages of small size, easy fabrication and simple construction. Antenna
is circularly polarized and operates at 3.04GHz -10.96 GHz with Absolute Bandwidth 7.72 GHz. Radiation
performance of patch antenna is also presented in this paper. The simulated results indicate that an ultra wide
band antenna with Maximum Fractional Bandwidth 90% can be achieved by cutting two slots of 2mm x 4mm in
a complete rectangular patch. The radiation efficiency 86% and antenna efficiency 79% achieved and we
conclude that proposed geometry is applicable for ultra wide band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz
In future the Radiation performance of novel Shape rectangular patch antenna can be improved by
using different feeding techniques.
Acknowledgements
The authors thanks to Mr. Jitendra Jagid Asst. Professor (Sr.), JNU Jodhpur for guidance and Entuple
Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore for providing HFSS simulation facility, and Circuitronix, Gujarat for
fabrication Process.
References
Proceedings Papers:
[1]. FCC report and order for part-15 acceptance of ultra wide band systems (UWB) from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz , washington, DC,2002
[2]. Ashish Mathur ,Deepak Sharma,Geetika Mathur “Design and Simulation of Dual Band Patch Antenna for Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
Applications Using HFSS, ICMARS2012- Jodhpur, Volume 1, Issue 1 pp.771-774, December 11-15, 2012
[3]. Ashish Mathur ,Deepak Sharma,Geetika Mathur “Design and Simulation of Rectangular and Half Ring Patch Antenna for Ultra
Wide Band (UWB) Applications Using HFSS, ICMARS2012- Jodhpur, Volume 1, Issue 1 pp.296-300, December 11-15, 2012
[4]. Ashish Mathur ,Deepak Sharma,Geetika Mathur “Design and Simulation of Dual Band Patch Antenna for ISM, WI-MAX and C-
Band Rejection Using HFSS” in International Conference in Advancement on Information Technology (ICAIT), Souvenir March
22-23, 2013.
[5]. Prof. P.S.Ashtankar and Dr.C.G.Dethe “Design and Modification of Circular Monopole UWB Antenna for WPAN Application
Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online) Vol 3, No.5, 2012
[6]. Priya Upadhyay, Richa Sharma “Design and Implementation of Series Micro Strip Patch Antenna Array For Wireless
Communication” Int.J. Computer Technology & Applications, Vol 3 (5), 1769-1774 ISSN: 2229-6093 Sept-Oct 2012
[7]. Shelly Chawla, Jagtar Singh, Paras Chawla “Single to Multiband Frequency Technique for Wireless and Telecomm Microstrip
Antenna Design” International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2, Issue-5,
November 2012.
[8]. Radouane Karli and Hassan Ammor “Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for 3.6 GHz WIMAX Applications ” European Journal of
Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 88 No 4, pp.556-564, October, 2012.
[9]. Zhao, C.-planar IEEE Antennas andWireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 3, 2004
[10]. Hosseini, S. A., Z. Atlasbaf, acompact ultra wide band (UWB) planar antenna using Journal of Electromagnetic Wavesand
Applications, Vol. 22, No. 1, 47 59, 2008.
[11]. Ma, T.-G. and C. - An-ultra wideband coplanar waveguide-fed tape Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No.4, April
2006.
[12]. Chair, R., A. A. Kishk, K. F. Lee, C. E. Smith, and D.Kajfez,antennas with U-shaped tuning stub and Progress In Electromagnetic
Research, PIER 56, 163182, 2006.
Books:
[13]. C. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.