International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Behaviour of steel structure under the effect of fire loadingIJERA Editor
Performance of steel structures in fire depends upon a number of variables such as material degradation at
elevated temperature and restraint stiffness of members surrounded by fire. In order to face minimal structural
damage, limited casualties particularly in high rise structures and for the purpose of selecting suitable fire
resisting measures structural response to fire need to be understood. Carrying out experiments on actual steel
structure is not always feasible as it requires time, money, space and controlled fire as well hence the use of
finite element software’s like ANSYS is the best alternative instead. The material properties that affect the
behavior of structural steel members exposed to fire have been reviewed. Global structural response of simple
steel building is studied by considering three different scenarios to have an understanding of interaction of
structural elements.
Analysis of Thermal Buckling of Ceramic-Metal Functionally Graded Plates Usin...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the thermal buckling of ceramic-metal functionally graded plates using an improved third order shear deformation theory. It presents the governing equations and solution method using the Ritz method. Results are given for aluminum oxide-steel plates with simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. Increasing the plate thickness ratio and decreasing the power law index are found to decrease the critical buckling temperature. The improved theory provides more accurate predictions for thicker functionally graded plates compared to other plate theories.
This document summarizes research on modeling the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to fire. Finite element analysis was conducted using ABAQUS to analyze the thermal and structural response. The analysis considered the effects of elevated temperatures on the material properties of concrete and steel. Validation of the model was performed by comparing mid-span deflection results to experimental slab test data, showing good agreement. Parameters analyzed included slab thickness, reinforcement percentage, boundary conditions, and bar size.
4.thermal stress analysis of peek fiber composites at cryogenic temperatureEditorJST
Fiber reinforced composites are class of materials that are workable engineering materials
possessing high strength to weight ratio resulting in reduction of weight and hence savings in energy.
Composites can be tailor -made to the required duty by changing the nature and proportion of the constituent
materials. Composites exhibit anisotropy in mechanical and thermal properties. This makes the design of
composite structures more complex and demanding. Composites have wide applications as supports and
structures at cryogenic temperatures in super conducting magnets and as fuel tankage in spacecraft and rocketry.
As these composites are fabricated at 1000 C to 2000 C, ~ their use at low temperatures creates thermal stresses.
They become brittle at low temperatures and thermal strain of matrix ma:f be of the same order of the ultimate
tensile strain at helium temperature (4.2K); thus leaving no more load bearing capability.
Thermal Expansivity Behavior and Determination of Density of Al 6061-Sic-Gr ...IJMER
Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) covers a very wide range of materials to simple
reinforcements of castings with low cost refractory wool, to complex continuous fires lay
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
IRJET - Investigation of Transient Thermal Analysis on SS316L and Inconel 718...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the transient thermal analysis of pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding of dissimilar SS316L stainless steel and Inconel 718 materials. A 3D finite element model is developed using COMSOL software to simulate the welding process for two laser spot positions. Initially, the laser spot is focused symmetrically on the butt joint of both materials, but later it is offset to the side of the Inconel to achieve a more symmetric temperature distribution. When the laser is centered, a higher temperature is seen on the SS316L side due to its higher thermal conductivity. By offsetting the laser to the Inconel side, a more even heat distribution is achieved across the weld zone.
Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stresses on Ferritic Stainless SteelSwapnil Deogade
The document presents a finite element analysis of residual stresses on ferritic stainless steel using shield metal arc welding. A 3D finite element model was developed in ANSYS to analyze temperature fields and stress distribution during the welding process. Both thermal and structural analyses were conducted using a coupled thermo-mechanical approach. The thermal analysis simulated the transient heat source and temperature distribution. The structural analysis then used the temperature histories as input to determine residual stresses in the welded plates, including stresses in the x, y, and z directions and von-mises stress. The results from the finite element analysis agreed with existing research on modeling residual stresses during welding.
Behaviour of steel structure under the effect of fire loadingIJERA Editor
Performance of steel structures in fire depends upon a number of variables such as material degradation at
elevated temperature and restraint stiffness of members surrounded by fire. In order to face minimal structural
damage, limited casualties particularly in high rise structures and for the purpose of selecting suitable fire
resisting measures structural response to fire need to be understood. Carrying out experiments on actual steel
structure is not always feasible as it requires time, money, space and controlled fire as well hence the use of
finite element software’s like ANSYS is the best alternative instead. The material properties that affect the
behavior of structural steel members exposed to fire have been reviewed. Global structural response of simple
steel building is studied by considering three different scenarios to have an understanding of interaction of
structural elements.
Analysis of Thermal Buckling of Ceramic-Metal Functionally Graded Plates Usin...IJERA Editor
This document analyzes the thermal buckling of ceramic-metal functionally graded plates using an improved third order shear deformation theory. It presents the governing equations and solution method using the Ritz method. Results are given for aluminum oxide-steel plates with simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. Increasing the plate thickness ratio and decreasing the power law index are found to decrease the critical buckling temperature. The improved theory provides more accurate predictions for thicker functionally graded plates compared to other plate theories.
This document summarizes research on modeling the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to fire. Finite element analysis was conducted using ABAQUS to analyze the thermal and structural response. The analysis considered the effects of elevated temperatures on the material properties of concrete and steel. Validation of the model was performed by comparing mid-span deflection results to experimental slab test data, showing good agreement. Parameters analyzed included slab thickness, reinforcement percentage, boundary conditions, and bar size.
4.thermal stress analysis of peek fiber composites at cryogenic temperatureEditorJST
Fiber reinforced composites are class of materials that are workable engineering materials
possessing high strength to weight ratio resulting in reduction of weight and hence savings in energy.
Composites can be tailor -made to the required duty by changing the nature and proportion of the constituent
materials. Composites exhibit anisotropy in mechanical and thermal properties. This makes the design of
composite structures more complex and demanding. Composites have wide applications as supports and
structures at cryogenic temperatures in super conducting magnets and as fuel tankage in spacecraft and rocketry.
As these composites are fabricated at 1000 C to 2000 C, ~ their use at low temperatures creates thermal stresses.
They become brittle at low temperatures and thermal strain of matrix ma:f be of the same order of the ultimate
tensile strain at helium temperature (4.2K); thus leaving no more load bearing capability.
Thermal Expansivity Behavior and Determination of Density of Al 6061-Sic-Gr ...IJMER
Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) covers a very wide range of materials to simple
reinforcements of castings with low cost refractory wool, to complex continuous fires lay
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
IRJET - Investigation of Transient Thermal Analysis on SS316L and Inconel 718...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the transient thermal analysis of pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding of dissimilar SS316L stainless steel and Inconel 718 materials. A 3D finite element model is developed using COMSOL software to simulate the welding process for two laser spot positions. Initially, the laser spot is focused symmetrically on the butt joint of both materials, but later it is offset to the side of the Inconel to achieve a more symmetric temperature distribution. When the laser is centered, a higher temperature is seen on the SS316L side due to its higher thermal conductivity. By offsetting the laser to the Inconel side, a more even heat distribution is achieved across the weld zone.
Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stresses on Ferritic Stainless SteelSwapnil Deogade
The document presents a finite element analysis of residual stresses on ferritic stainless steel using shield metal arc welding. A 3D finite element model was developed in ANSYS to analyze temperature fields and stress distribution during the welding process. Both thermal and structural analyses were conducted using a coupled thermo-mechanical approach. The thermal analysis simulated the transient heat source and temperature distribution. The structural analysis then used the temperature histories as input to determine residual stresses in the welded plates, including stresses in the x, y, and z directions and von-mises stress. The results from the finite element analysis agreed with existing research on modeling residual stresses during welding.
Analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry material and thickness of ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research from multiple papers on analyzing the thermal properties of engine cylinder fins by varying the fin geometry, material, and thickness. The key points are:
1) A model of cylinder fins was created in ProEngineer and analyzed in ANSYS to determine temperatures, heat flux, and thermal gradients.
2) Simulations were run for rectangular fins made of materials like magnesium, aluminum alloys, and beryllium at thicknesses of 3mm and 2.5mm.
3) The simulations showed that reducing fin thickness from 3mm to 2.5mm increased heat transfer rates, with maximum rates reaching over 20W/mm2 for some materials.
The Elevated Temperature Deformation of G115 Steel and the Associated Deforma...IJAMSE Journal
The next Generation-IV reactors need to be stand for a very high temperature. Structural materials have to resist that temperature; otherwise, damages could appear. G115 steel is a candidate structural material which has been considered in this work. The hot deformation behavior of G115 steel was carried out at elevated temperatures 500, 550 and 600°C with different strain rates ranging from 1x10-5 to 1x10-3 s-1. To derive the hot deformation constitutive equation, the universal hyperbolic-sine Arrhenius-type equation was utilized considering the ultimate stresses values for each condition. As a result, the activation energy of G115, which will assess the high-temperature deformation mechanism, was obtained to be 331 KJ/mol.
This document summarizes a study on predicting creep life for gas turbine discs. Creep is an important design consideration for gas turbine components operating at high temperatures. The study models a typical gas turbine disc and analyzes temperature distribution, stresses, and creep strains using finite element analysis. An Inconel 718 disc is modeled and analyzed to determine creep life and emphasize creep considerations in gas turbine disc design. Thermal, stress, and creep analyses are performed to evaluate creep life and strains at different stress levels over time.
computational investigation for life cycle of alumina based induction furnace...IJCMESJOURNAL
Furnaces are most commonly used for melting of materials. Induction furnaces are more beneficial as no fuel is required. It is a problem to find life cycle of Induction Melting Furnace Wall under load variation. The induction melting furnace wall is made of alumina ramming mass which is one kind of refractory material. The failure occurs due to cyclic thermal stresses due to heating and cooling cycles. Temperature distribution and thermal stress distribution fields of the induction melting furnace refractory wall were calculated by using explicit finite difference analysis based on the physical description of its failure under low cycle thermal fatigue conditions. The life span of the refractory wall is required to be found out by means of critical thermal stresses created inside the refractory wall of induction melting furnace wall from modified S – log N Curve.
Finite Element Modeling for Effect of Fire on Steel FrameIJERA Editor
This research is intended to be preliminary study lending to the detailed behavior of steel member i.e. Plane Frame.
This paper shows the behavior of steel structures in fire the use of steel in building construction and its behavior
when exposed to fire is presented. Fire performance of structural steel at elevated temperature includes the study of
steel frame subjected to fire. Also the effect of stress strain temperature on the fire performance of structural steel
should be observed. The behavior of a steel frame in a fire depends on many factors including the properties of the
steel and the coating material on it. Computer application based on ANSYS software used to study the various
parameters affecting the overall behavior of steel structures in fire is presented. The present paper shows the effects
of stress–strain relationships on the fire performance of steel frame exposed to uniformly increasing temperature
when steel is unprotected and protected with concrete using FEM.
The Charpy impact test was used to characterize the toughness of 6061 aluminum and 1018 carbon steel samples at varying temperatures. For aluminum, the impact energy decreased sharply from 33 ft-lbs to 15 ft-lbs as temperature decreased from 50°F to -25°F, while steel impact energy was relatively unaffected by temperature. Steel exhibited a ductile to brittle transition around 0°F as impact energy and shear lip percentage decreased sharply at lower temperatures, while aluminum toughness was unaffected by temperature due to its FCC crystal structure. Both materials showed fracture toughness values independent of temperature.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Development of grnn based tool for hardness measurement of homogeneousIAEME Publication
This document describes the development of a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model to relate vibration parameters to the hardness of homogenous welded joints under vibratory welding conditions. Physical experiments were conducted on welded steel joints where vibration was applied during welding. The voltage and time of vibration were the input parameters and hardness values at different joint locations were the output parameters. A GRNN model was created using experimental data and calibrated against unused data, achieving 97-99% accuracy, to predict hardness based on vibration parameters. The model provides an effective tool for analyzing the relationship between vibration welding inputs and mechanical property outputs.
Optimization of wall thickness and material for minimum heat lossesIAEME Publication
This document discusses optimizing the wall thickness and materials of an induction furnace to minimize heat losses during iron melting. It begins by introducing induction furnaces and the need for optimization to reduce heat losses. It then details analyzing an existing furnace through calculations of theoretical heat loss and temperature distribution, which are compared to actual measured values showing significant losses. Finite element analysis software is used to optimize the thickness of refractory material, finding a 35% reduction in losses. Additionally, optimizing thermal properties reduces losses by 73%, allowing an overall 70% reduction through proper material thickness and properties.
IRJET- Effect of Thermal Properties on Fly Ash based ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the effect of thermal properties of fly ash-based concrete. Fly ash is obtained from a sugar industry and sieved into two grain sizes. Concrete slabs are prepared by replacing cement with 20%, 25%, and 30% fly ash fractions. Experiments are conducted to determine the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity of the concrete slabs and compared to normal concrete. The results show that fly ash concrete has lower thermal conductivity, higher specific heat capacity, and lower thermal expansion compared to normal concrete.
Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Prope...ijtsrd
Tungsten Inert Gas TIG welding is widely used for weld the thin metal. Alloying metal is also welded by this process. Appearance and quality TIG weld is very superior as compare to other welding process. Melting the work piece and filler rod result in formation of smoke and gases. Helium and Argon are non reactive gases by this property it is used as a shielding gas. Most commonly mixture of Argon and Helium are favored to use for enhanced welding quality because they do not react with each other .Argon and Helium gases protect the welding area from outer environment and helps to maintain a stable arc due to low ionization potential. Aluminum is light in weight and for excellent performance it is used in aerospace industry, aviation, marine industry, automobile, defence and others. TIG welding parameters such as welding current, gas flow rate and welding voltage are taken into account which influences the tensile strength, Hardness and Toughness of aluminum weld joint. Welding parameters are controlled with electronic control units. AC power supply is prefer to used for aluminium as compare to DC power supply because of its low melting point aluminium melt at low temperature Ravinder Kumar | Dr. Dinesh Kumar ""Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Properties of AA-6351 T6 Alloy"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23831.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23831/optimization-of-process-parameters-on-tig-welding-to-enhance-mechanical-properties-of-aa-6351-t6-alloy/ravinder-kumar
Analysis and Improvement of Distortion of Lathe Machine Main SpindleIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the distortion of lathe machine main spindles and proposes improvements through a sub-zero heat treatment process. It begins by describing how lathe spindles made of En353 steel undergo distortion from high stresses during conventional heat treatment. The document then details the conventional heat treatment process and proposes applying a sub-zero treatment instead. Samples are tested with microstructures analyzed and hardness measured. Results show the sub-zero treated sample has lower retained austenite, higher hardness, and improved dimensional stability compared to conventional treatment. The document concludes the sub-zero treatment is an effective way to reduce distortion in lathe machine main spindles.
THE INFLUENCE OF SHAPE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF METAL PARTICLES ON THE THE...IAEME Publication
In this paper, the effect of shape and spatial distribution of metal particles on the thermal conductivity of nickel-silicone composites is investigated to find out the optimum shape and spatial distribution of metal particles in polymer composites. Various finite element models with different particles shapes and arrangements are constructed to predict composite thermal conductivity.
Generally the prediction of behaviour of material at high temperature is very difficult. During design of
components which are subjected to or working at high temperature must consider the testing at elevated
temperature. Hot tensile testing (HTT) is the method of tensile testing of material at elevated temperature. The
materials used for automotive or aerospace applications are mostly subject to cyclic loading, high temperature
and sometimes involve high frequency vibrations. High strength aluminium alloys are one class of materials that
are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries .In this work I test A413 material for HTT at different
temperature and strain rate, which can be used for piston.
Keywords — HTT, high temperature, strain rate, piston, automotive or aerospace.
FINITE ELEMENT THERMAL ANALYSIS OF DEEP BOX-GIRDERSIAEME Publication
A three-dimensional thermal analysis using the finite element method was conducted in this research to evaluate the heat conduction in deep concrete box-girder bridges considering the temperature change of air, the thermal radiation from the sun and the speed of the wind. The current finite element analysis has predicted the concrete temperatures effectively with temperature errors ranged between 0.1 oC and 1.7 oC. The proposed finite element model was then used to evaluate the distribution of temperature in deep concrete box-girders considering the weather conditions of Gaziantep, Turkey. The weather data including solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed for a hot summer day were recorded from a specially installed weather station in the campus of the University of Gaziantep. The results showed that the AASHTO's gradient model was almost identical with the predicted temperature gradients at the top and the bottom surfaces and along the clear depth of the webs. However, the behavior along the top 1 m was different.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dynamic Response of Rcc and Composite Structure with Brb Frame Subjected To S...IJERA Editor
Concrete structures impart more seismic weight and less deflection whereas Steel structures instruct more
deflections and ductility to the structure, which is beneficial in resisting earthquake forces. Composite
Construction combines the better properties of both steel and concrete. Buckling restrained braced frames
(BRBFs) are primarily used as seismic-force resisting systems for buildings in seismically-active regions.The
objective of the present work is to compare a twenty storied RCC and composite framed structure with BRB
frame subjected to Seismic and different Temperatureloadings using Non-Linear Time History Analysis. Three
dimensional modeling and analysis of the structure is carried out with the help of SAP-2000 v16 software. It is
observed that the storey displacements were decreased by 36% for twenty storey RCC building and for
composite buildings it was decreased by 45% for twenty storeys suggesting the effectiveness of Buckling
restrained brace frame. The overall results suggested that BRB were excellent seismic control device for
composite building as the roof displacement is reduced by 40% but whereas for RCC it is reduced only by 25%.
For Seismic prone areas composite building with BRB frame is more effective. Under Temperature loading
RCC building is more effective than composite structure.
The document compares residual stress in equal matching and undermatching weld joints of high strength steel thick plates through numerical simulation. The simulation found that equivalent stress and longitudinal stress were significantly lower in undermatching welds compared to equal matching welds, while transverse stresses were similar. Stress maximums in equal matching welds occurred in both the weld and heat affected zone, while undermatching welds only showed stress maximums in the heat affected zone. The undermatching weld configuration is an effective way to reduce residual stress and avoid cold cracking in high strength steel thick plate welding.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN ANALYSIS OF CREEP IN AN ISOTROPIC UNIFORM COMPOSITE ...ijiert bestjournal
The following paper discusses the effect of tempera ture in analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder. The paper is a part of the series of papers published under the analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder.
REVIEW ON EFFECT OF HEAT INPUT ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF BUTT WELD JOINT USING M...ijiert bestjournal
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated the effect of heat input on the tensile strength of butt weld joints using MIG welding. The researchers found that increasing heat input affected the microstructure of the base metal and heat affected zone. Tensile strength decreased with higher heat input. Microhardness was observed to increase in the weld pool but decrease in the heat affected zone with greater heat input. Optical microscopy showed smaller dendrite sizes and spacing at low heat input compared to larger dendrites and spacing at high heat input. The extent of grain coarsening in the heat affected zone also increased with higher heat input. In conclusion, welding heat input significantly influences the properties of welded joints.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Analyze the thermal properties by varying geometry material and thickness of ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research from multiple papers on analyzing the thermal properties of engine cylinder fins by varying the fin geometry, material, and thickness. The key points are:
1) A model of cylinder fins was created in ProEngineer and analyzed in ANSYS to determine temperatures, heat flux, and thermal gradients.
2) Simulations were run for rectangular fins made of materials like magnesium, aluminum alloys, and beryllium at thicknesses of 3mm and 2.5mm.
3) The simulations showed that reducing fin thickness from 3mm to 2.5mm increased heat transfer rates, with maximum rates reaching over 20W/mm2 for some materials.
The Elevated Temperature Deformation of G115 Steel and the Associated Deforma...IJAMSE Journal
The next Generation-IV reactors need to be stand for a very high temperature. Structural materials have to resist that temperature; otherwise, damages could appear. G115 steel is a candidate structural material which has been considered in this work. The hot deformation behavior of G115 steel was carried out at elevated temperatures 500, 550 and 600°C with different strain rates ranging from 1x10-5 to 1x10-3 s-1. To derive the hot deformation constitutive equation, the universal hyperbolic-sine Arrhenius-type equation was utilized considering the ultimate stresses values for each condition. As a result, the activation energy of G115, which will assess the high-temperature deformation mechanism, was obtained to be 331 KJ/mol.
This document summarizes a study on predicting creep life for gas turbine discs. Creep is an important design consideration for gas turbine components operating at high temperatures. The study models a typical gas turbine disc and analyzes temperature distribution, stresses, and creep strains using finite element analysis. An Inconel 718 disc is modeled and analyzed to determine creep life and emphasize creep considerations in gas turbine disc design. Thermal, stress, and creep analyses are performed to evaluate creep life and strains at different stress levels over time.
computational investigation for life cycle of alumina based induction furnace...IJCMESJOURNAL
Furnaces are most commonly used for melting of materials. Induction furnaces are more beneficial as no fuel is required. It is a problem to find life cycle of Induction Melting Furnace Wall under load variation. The induction melting furnace wall is made of alumina ramming mass which is one kind of refractory material. The failure occurs due to cyclic thermal stresses due to heating and cooling cycles. Temperature distribution and thermal stress distribution fields of the induction melting furnace refractory wall were calculated by using explicit finite difference analysis based on the physical description of its failure under low cycle thermal fatigue conditions. The life span of the refractory wall is required to be found out by means of critical thermal stresses created inside the refractory wall of induction melting furnace wall from modified S – log N Curve.
Finite Element Modeling for Effect of Fire on Steel FrameIJERA Editor
This research is intended to be preliminary study lending to the detailed behavior of steel member i.e. Plane Frame.
This paper shows the behavior of steel structures in fire the use of steel in building construction and its behavior
when exposed to fire is presented. Fire performance of structural steel at elevated temperature includes the study of
steel frame subjected to fire. Also the effect of stress strain temperature on the fire performance of structural steel
should be observed. The behavior of a steel frame in a fire depends on many factors including the properties of the
steel and the coating material on it. Computer application based on ANSYS software used to study the various
parameters affecting the overall behavior of steel structures in fire is presented. The present paper shows the effects
of stress–strain relationships on the fire performance of steel frame exposed to uniformly increasing temperature
when steel is unprotected and protected with concrete using FEM.
The Charpy impact test was used to characterize the toughness of 6061 aluminum and 1018 carbon steel samples at varying temperatures. For aluminum, the impact energy decreased sharply from 33 ft-lbs to 15 ft-lbs as temperature decreased from 50°F to -25°F, while steel impact energy was relatively unaffected by temperature. Steel exhibited a ductile to brittle transition around 0°F as impact energy and shear lip percentage decreased sharply at lower temperatures, while aluminum toughness was unaffected by temperature due to its FCC crystal structure. Both materials showed fracture toughness values independent of temperature.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Development of grnn based tool for hardness measurement of homogeneousIAEME Publication
This document describes the development of a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model to relate vibration parameters to the hardness of homogenous welded joints under vibratory welding conditions. Physical experiments were conducted on welded steel joints where vibration was applied during welding. The voltage and time of vibration were the input parameters and hardness values at different joint locations were the output parameters. A GRNN model was created using experimental data and calibrated against unused data, achieving 97-99% accuracy, to predict hardness based on vibration parameters. The model provides an effective tool for analyzing the relationship between vibration welding inputs and mechanical property outputs.
Optimization of wall thickness and material for minimum heat lossesIAEME Publication
This document discusses optimizing the wall thickness and materials of an induction furnace to minimize heat losses during iron melting. It begins by introducing induction furnaces and the need for optimization to reduce heat losses. It then details analyzing an existing furnace through calculations of theoretical heat loss and temperature distribution, which are compared to actual measured values showing significant losses. Finite element analysis software is used to optimize the thickness of refractory material, finding a 35% reduction in losses. Additionally, optimizing thermal properties reduces losses by 73%, allowing an overall 70% reduction through proper material thickness and properties.
IRJET- Effect of Thermal Properties on Fly Ash based ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental study on the effect of thermal properties of fly ash-based concrete. Fly ash is obtained from a sugar industry and sieved into two grain sizes. Concrete slabs are prepared by replacing cement with 20%, 25%, and 30% fly ash fractions. Experiments are conducted to determine the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity of the concrete slabs and compared to normal concrete. The results show that fly ash concrete has lower thermal conductivity, higher specific heat capacity, and lower thermal expansion compared to normal concrete.
Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Prope...ijtsrd
Tungsten Inert Gas TIG welding is widely used for weld the thin metal. Alloying metal is also welded by this process. Appearance and quality TIG weld is very superior as compare to other welding process. Melting the work piece and filler rod result in formation of smoke and gases. Helium and Argon are non reactive gases by this property it is used as a shielding gas. Most commonly mixture of Argon and Helium are favored to use for enhanced welding quality because they do not react with each other .Argon and Helium gases protect the welding area from outer environment and helps to maintain a stable arc due to low ionization potential. Aluminum is light in weight and for excellent performance it is used in aerospace industry, aviation, marine industry, automobile, defence and others. TIG welding parameters such as welding current, gas flow rate and welding voltage are taken into account which influences the tensile strength, Hardness and Toughness of aluminum weld joint. Welding parameters are controlled with electronic control units. AC power supply is prefer to used for aluminium as compare to DC power supply because of its low melting point aluminium melt at low temperature Ravinder Kumar | Dr. Dinesh Kumar ""Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Properties of AA-6351 T6 Alloy"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23831.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23831/optimization-of-process-parameters-on-tig-welding-to-enhance-mechanical-properties-of-aa-6351-t6-alloy/ravinder-kumar
Analysis and Improvement of Distortion of Lathe Machine Main SpindleIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the distortion of lathe machine main spindles and proposes improvements through a sub-zero heat treatment process. It begins by describing how lathe spindles made of En353 steel undergo distortion from high stresses during conventional heat treatment. The document then details the conventional heat treatment process and proposes applying a sub-zero treatment instead. Samples are tested with microstructures analyzed and hardness measured. Results show the sub-zero treated sample has lower retained austenite, higher hardness, and improved dimensional stability compared to conventional treatment. The document concludes the sub-zero treatment is an effective way to reduce distortion in lathe machine main spindles.
THE INFLUENCE OF SHAPE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF METAL PARTICLES ON THE THE...IAEME Publication
In this paper, the effect of shape and spatial distribution of metal particles on the thermal conductivity of nickel-silicone composites is investigated to find out the optimum shape and spatial distribution of metal particles in polymer composites. Various finite element models with different particles shapes and arrangements are constructed to predict composite thermal conductivity.
Generally the prediction of behaviour of material at high temperature is very difficult. During design of
components which are subjected to or working at high temperature must consider the testing at elevated
temperature. Hot tensile testing (HTT) is the method of tensile testing of material at elevated temperature. The
materials used for automotive or aerospace applications are mostly subject to cyclic loading, high temperature
and sometimes involve high frequency vibrations. High strength aluminium alloys are one class of materials that
are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries .In this work I test A413 material for HTT at different
temperature and strain rate, which can be used for piston.
Keywords — HTT, high temperature, strain rate, piston, automotive or aerospace.
FINITE ELEMENT THERMAL ANALYSIS OF DEEP BOX-GIRDERSIAEME Publication
A three-dimensional thermal analysis using the finite element method was conducted in this research to evaluate the heat conduction in deep concrete box-girder bridges considering the temperature change of air, the thermal radiation from the sun and the speed of the wind. The current finite element analysis has predicted the concrete temperatures effectively with temperature errors ranged between 0.1 oC and 1.7 oC. The proposed finite element model was then used to evaluate the distribution of temperature in deep concrete box-girders considering the weather conditions of Gaziantep, Turkey. The weather data including solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed for a hot summer day were recorded from a specially installed weather station in the campus of the University of Gaziantep. The results showed that the AASHTO's gradient model was almost identical with the predicted temperature gradients at the top and the bottom surfaces and along the clear depth of the webs. However, the behavior along the top 1 m was different.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dynamic Response of Rcc and Composite Structure with Brb Frame Subjected To S...IJERA Editor
Concrete structures impart more seismic weight and less deflection whereas Steel structures instruct more
deflections and ductility to the structure, which is beneficial in resisting earthquake forces. Composite
Construction combines the better properties of both steel and concrete. Buckling restrained braced frames
(BRBFs) are primarily used as seismic-force resisting systems for buildings in seismically-active regions.The
objective of the present work is to compare a twenty storied RCC and composite framed structure with BRB
frame subjected to Seismic and different Temperatureloadings using Non-Linear Time History Analysis. Three
dimensional modeling and analysis of the structure is carried out with the help of SAP-2000 v16 software. It is
observed that the storey displacements were decreased by 36% for twenty storey RCC building and for
composite buildings it was decreased by 45% for twenty storeys suggesting the effectiveness of Buckling
restrained brace frame. The overall results suggested that BRB were excellent seismic control device for
composite building as the roof displacement is reduced by 40% but whereas for RCC it is reduced only by 25%.
For Seismic prone areas composite building with BRB frame is more effective. Under Temperature loading
RCC building is more effective than composite structure.
The document compares residual stress in equal matching and undermatching weld joints of high strength steel thick plates through numerical simulation. The simulation found that equivalent stress and longitudinal stress were significantly lower in undermatching welds compared to equal matching welds, while transverse stresses were similar. Stress maximums in equal matching welds occurred in both the weld and heat affected zone, while undermatching welds only showed stress maximums in the heat affected zone. The undermatching weld configuration is an effective way to reduce residual stress and avoid cold cracking in high strength steel thick plate welding.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN ANALYSIS OF CREEP IN AN ISOTROPIC UNIFORM COMPOSITE ...ijiert bestjournal
The following paper discusses the effect of tempera ture in analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder. The paper is a part of the series of papers published under the analysis of creep in an isotropic uniform composite cylinder.
REVIEW ON EFFECT OF HEAT INPUT ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF BUTT WELD JOINT USING M...ijiert bestjournal
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated the effect of heat input on the tensile strength of butt weld joints using MIG welding. The researchers found that increasing heat input affected the microstructure of the base metal and heat affected zone. Tensile strength decreased with higher heat input. Microhardness was observed to increase in the weld pool but decrease in the heat affected zone with greater heat input. Optical microscopy showed smaller dendrite sizes and spacing at low heat input compared to larger dendrites and spacing at high heat input. The extent of grain coarsening in the heat affected zone also increased with higher heat input. In conclusion, welding heat input significantly influences the properties of welded joints.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a technique called "tiny video representation" to classify and retrieve video frames and videos. The proposed method involves preprocessing videos by splitting them into frames, removing black bars, resizing frames to 32x32 pixels, and using affinity propagation to cluster unique frames. This creates a "tiny video database" that can be used for content-based copy detection, video categorization through classification of frames, and retrieval of related videos through nearest neighbor searches. Experimental results showed the tiny video database approach improved classification precision and recall compared to using individual frames or videos.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses a system for extracting Punjabi words from machine printed document images. It begins with an introduction to optical character recognition (OCR) and a literature review of prior work recognizing characters of various scripts, including Gurmukhi (the script used for Punjabi). The proposed system first preprocesses images through steps like binarization, noise removal, and skew detection. It then segments images into lines, words, and characters. Features are extracted from character segments and classified using a neural network to recognize the Punjabi words. The system takes scanned documents as input and outputs the extracted Punjabi words with the goal of high accuracy. It was developed using MATLAB and aims to help with processing literature and texts in the Punjabi
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document describes a wireless sensor network system designed to monitor temperature and pH levels in a fish farm. The system uses sensor nodes equipped with temperature and pH sensors that transmit the sensor readings wirelessly to a central base station. The base station receives the data and displays it on a GUI created using LabVIEW. The sensor nodes use a ZigBee wireless protocol for low power transmission. The system is intended to automatically monitor fish farm conditions and detect any parameters that exceed safe thresholds. This provides a low-cost alternative to manual monitoring that can detect changes more frequently and predict events. The prototype system was implemented with sensor nodes transmitting real-time water quality data to a monitoring computer.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
FIRE RESISTANT ANALYSIS OF RC BEAM COLUMN JOINTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that uses finite element analysis to analyze the fire resistant behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. The study models beam-column joints exposed to fire based on the ISO 834 standard fire curve and analyzes the effects of different exposure conditions (2 sides, 3 sides, or 4 sides exposed). It finds that failure occurs more quickly when more sides of the joint are exposed to fire. The study concludes that the number of exposed sides significantly impacts a structure's ability to withstand fire, and that thermal failure criteria are more important than deflection criteria during a fire.
Finite Element Modeling for Effect of Fire on Steel Structure: A ReviewIJERA Editor
Fire performance of structural steel at elevated temperature includes the study of steel frame subjected to fire.
Also the effect of stress strain temperature on the fire performance of structural steel should be observed. The
behavior of a steel frame in a fire depends on many factors including the properties of the steel and the coating
material on it. The present paper shows reviews of various research works carried out by several researchers on
the effects of stress–strain relationships on the fire performance of steel frame exposed to uniformly increasing
temperature when steel is unprotected and protected with concrete using FEM.
Evaluation of Structural Behavior of Structural Steel Joints at Elevated Temp...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the evaluation of the structural behavior of structural steel joints at elevated temperatures. It begins with an abstract that outlines the investigation of the mechanical properties of high-strength and mild structural steels at elevated temperatures, which is important for fire-resistant design. It then provides background on fire outbreaks and structural response, current fire design approaches, and the objectives of studying the behavior of structural steel joints and their critical elements under high temperatures. The document also reviews literature on standard fire tests and full-scale tests, and investigates the behavior of steel connections in fires. It examines the stress-strain behavior and degradation of steel properties at elevated temperatures. Finally, it describes the structural configuration of the steel joint being analyzed.
“Experimental Investigation and Thermal Analysis on Electroplating Coated Pin...IRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental investigation of the thermal performance of pin fins made of different materials under natural convection. Pin fins were fabricated from aluminum, brass, mild steel, and composite materials with aluminum or mild steel coated with copper or brass. The fins were tested experimentally by supplying a constant power and measuring the temperature at five points along the fin and in the duct fluid. Initial results showed the highest heat transfer rate for a copper-coated aluminum fin and highest efficiency for a copper-coated mild steel fin. Equations related to heat transfer rate, fin efficiency, and temperature distribution along the fin are also presented.
Study of Fire on Structural Materials and Its ProtectionRSIS International
Fire Safety is one of the important parameter in
modern design philosophy. Effect of fire on structural elements
made up of concrete and steel are quite different and is mostly
considered as secondary effects. Both most widely used
structural materials concrete and steel shows different response
when subjected to fire of constant temperature. Thus detailed
study on effect of fire on structural materials like concrete and
steel under different loading conditions, exposure conditions and
cooling methodology is essential. In the present study effect of
fire on concrete cubes subjected to different loading conditions
and cooling conditions are studied experimentally. Apart efficacy
of protective coating made up of piezoelectric powder with
structural epoxy for structural steel material subjected to
temperature exposure is also explored. It has been found that,
compressive strength of concrete cube reduces significantly when
preloaded with load irrespective of types of cooling methods.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of High Strength Concrete and Normal Strength...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of the structural behavior of high strength concrete (HSC) columns and normal strength concrete (NSC) columns when exposed to fire through an experimental study. Four reinforced concrete columns (three HSC columns and one NSC column) were subjected to concentric loading and exposed to heat in a laboratory furnace according to standard time-temperature curves. The HSC columns exhibited more spalling and faster loss of compressive strength when exposed to fire compared to the NSC column. Higher temperatures within the HSC columns also contributed to their decreased fire resistance relative to the NSC column. The results provide data on the differences in fire resistance between HSC and NSC columns and how loading levels and heating rates
EFFECT OF THERMAL EXPOSURE ON THE MECHANICAL AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF AEROSPACE...Journal For Research
Aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly important available data were utilized to prepare maps that are intended to serve to design Al Alloys with desired combination especially in the automotive and aerospace industries aluminum alloys AA6061 T6 is subjected to several combinations of solution treatments to correlate their mechanical tensile properties to hardness and conductivity measurement Additional the AA6061 T6 alloys were thermally exposed to several temperature to simulate heat damage effects the thermal exposure was correlated to the tensile properties and hardness and conductivity measurement however these materials tend to have poor wear resistance during working conditions study was to evaluate the wear behavior of Al alloys with various parameter by using pin-on-disk machine the wear rate was decreased then after database were created to consolidate the information about microstructure mechanical properties and corrosion behavior for Al Alloys.
Effect of Hardness and Wear Resistance on En 353 Steel by Heat Treatment IJMER
En 353 steel is an easily available and cheap material that is acceptable for heavy duty
applications. Heat treatment on En 353 steel is improved the ductility, toughness, strength, hardness and
relive internal stress in the material. Spectrographic method is used to analyze the composition of the
alloy material. The experimental results of hardness and dry wear testing on pin-on-disc are done to get
idea about heat treated En 353 steel. It is found that the hardness and wear resistance of the En 353 steel
is improved after the heat treatment and the microstructure is changed from ferrite to martensite.
This document summarizes the behavior of concrete structures in fire conditions. It discusses how fire affects the properties of concrete and steel reinforcement over time as temperatures rise. Common methods for determining a structure's fire resistance rating include standardized fire tests that subject materials to set heat conditions over time. The document also outlines simplified design approaches for evaluating how structural components may collapse at different failure points as the effects of fire cause their strengths to deteriorate.
IRJET- Effects of Thermal Loads on RCC Conventional Slab and Flat SlabIRJET Journal
This document discusses a comparative study of the effects of thermal loads on reinforced concrete (RCC) conventional slab and flat slab structures. Finite element analysis was conducted using STAAD Pro software to evaluate parameters like storey displacement and bending moment under different temperature loadings. For a G+4 structure, results showed that a 225mm thick conventional slab is more effective under normal temperatures, while a 275mm thick slab is needed for high temperatures. The study aims to better understand how RCC slab structures respond to thermal loads from fires or temperature variations.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
1. The study examines the transient temperature distribution in friction welded joints of stainless steel 304 and eutectoid steel using a numerical method.
2. Microstructure analysis found grain refinement in both steels after welding, with hardness decreasing closer to the weld interface due to thermal effects.
3. A numerical model was developed and solved using FORTRAN to calculate transient heating and cooling temperatures, showing peak temperatures of 613°C and 578°C for stainless steel and eutectoid steel respectively.
Thermal stresses occur when a material experiences a change in temperature that causes it to expand or contract. This document discusses thermal stresses, providing examples of how temperature gradients and differences in thermal expansion coefficients between materials can lead to stresses. It also outlines the background and methods for experimentally measuring thermal stress fields in a composite-metal bonded joint, including using infrared cameras to measure temperature fields and grid analysis to measure displacement fields. The results provide insight into how temperature changes affect the stress distribution in the bonded joint.
3 dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of both thermal and mechanica...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a 3D finite element analysis of the thermal and mechanical response during friction stir welding of 2024-T3 aluminum plates. A coupled thermal-mechanical model is used to sequentially analyze the temperature distribution during welding and resulting thermal residual stresses. Both the heat input from the tool shoulder and pin are considered. The model predicts the highest tensile stresses occur in the longitudinal direction within the heat affected zone. Various process parameters are analyzed, including bottom surface heat transfer conditions and thermal contact conductance at interfaces. The results agree well with published experimental data.
Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Single-V Groove Butt Weld on Weld...IJSRD
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process (GTAW) is widely used in fabrication of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy material when precision is considered as a prime importance. Deformations in the object undergoing welding are one of the foremost problems encountered in the welding industry. Thus it is often required to study the factors which affect the deformations produced during welding to avoid errors in the geometry. Present investigation highlights Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of a Single-V Groove Butt Weld on Weld Pool Geometry of Aluminium Alloy Plate under Different Joint Parameters.Finite Element Method (FEM) has been employed to do the transient thermal and structural analysis of the assembly. The Finite Element Analysis has been done on ANSYS 14.5 Workbench. Number of factors is liable to produce effects in the job during the welding operation. Aim of this paper is the effect of welding parameters like as welding current, shielding gas flow rate and welding speed with mechanical Properties like tensile strength and hardness. After that finite element analysis for temperature distribution and distribution of the stresses in the welded Aluminium alloy plate. The results show that the larger the Welding current and smaller welding speed will lead to the maximum residual tensile stress. Therefore a residual stress will arise from the restraint position. The ultimate residual stress of weldment is determined by material yield strength at different temperature. The higher yield strength at different temperature has higher material residual stress. Because of its higher thermal conductivity, aluminium alloy test specimens have small temperature differential.
In the present work, static and free vibration response of functionally graded beam
is investigated under thermal environment using Finite Element method (FEM). The
functionally graded (FG) material beam is considered to be composed of various
material combinations like metal/metal, metal/ceramic and ceramic/ceramic. The
material properties of the beam are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction
according to a simple power law distribution. The deflection and mode shapes of the
FG beams are obtained for Clamped-Free, Clamped-Clamped and Simply Supported
boundary conditions under both mechanical and thermal load. Numerical results are
obtained for the model in ANSYS software to show the influence of grading of materials,
material constituents, boundary conditions, volume fraction and temperature
conditions on the response of the FG beams
MECHANICAL PROPERTY ASSESSMENT OF AUSTEMPERED AND CONVENTIONALLY HARDENED AIS...IAEME Publication
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of steel decide its applicability for manufacturing various components in different areas of engineering interests. Heat treatment processes are commonly used to enhance the required properties of steel with or without change in chemical composition. The present work aims to perform conventional hardening and Austempering treatment with experimental investigation of the effect of austempering and conventional hardening (quenching) on AISI 4340 steel. Different tests like tensile, torsion, hardness, impact and microstructure analysis are carried out in as bought and heat treated conditions
Evaluation Performance ofan Annular Composite Fin by UsingMATLAB ProgrammingIJERA Editor
The aim of this project is analysis the efficiency ratio in an annular fin by the variation of heat transfer coefficient for any surface condition by using MATLAB software to calculate the base fin efficiency and the coated fin efficiency by the variation of heat transfer coefficient, radius ratio and base fin thickness of an annular fin and compare the coating fin efficiency to base fin efficiency. If the heat transfer coefficient is 50W/m2K the increase efficiency ratio is 10.46 – 28.02% for zinc coating fin from the literature but the MATLAB result is 9.3 - 25.54% , the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.72%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.57% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.45% (d=0.001m) and 32.14% (d=0.0002m) for zinc coating fin and the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.92%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.61% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.51% (d=0.001m) and 32.16% (d=0.0002m) for zinc alloy coating fin.
Study on the fire resistant design of reinforced concrete flexural memberseSAT Journals
Abstract The inherent fire resistance property of concrete is one of its benefits. This thesis mainly focuses on fire resistant design of RC flexural member’s viz. beams and slabs using finite element software ANSYS 13. Both thermal and thermo-structural analysis was carried out for various parameters. Thermal analysis is done by taking into concern several parameters viz. aggregate type, cover to the reinforcement, concrete thickness, strength of concrete etc. The results are compared with IS 456:2000 provisions. Thermo-structural analysis is conducted for various support conditions and load ratio. Elements were modeled using SOLID 70 element and LINK 33 element for thermal analysis. For thermo-structural analysis instead of SOLID 70 element, SOLID 65 element was used. The parameters having a paramount influence on fire resistance are support conditions, dimensions of members, action of members under load, cover to the reinforcement, type of aggregates etc. Effect of the parameters on fire resistance is found out. Techniques to develop fire resistance are then found out. Moreover, it is found out that by changing some parameters, better fire resistant design for structural elements can be achieved. Key Words: Thermal analysis, Thermo-structural analysis, SOLID 70, SOLID 65, LINK 33
Mechanical property assessment of austempered and conventionally hardened aisiIAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study that assessed the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel that underwent austempering heat treatment versus conventional hardening. Specimens were subjected to tensile, torsion, hardness, impact, and microstructure tests in the as-bought, austempered, and conventionally hardened conditions. Austempering improved tensile, torsional, and impact strength compared to conventional hardening, though it showed a slight decrease in hardness. Lower bainitic and martensitic microstructures were observed after austempering and conventional hardening, respectively.
Analytical Study of Steel Fibre Reinforced Rigid Pavements under Static Loadijsrd.com
Nowadays, the application of steel fibers in concrete has increased gradually as an engineering material. The knowledge is not only necessary to provide safe, efficient and economic design for the present, but it also to serve as a rational basis for extended future applications. In this study, steel fibre reinforced rigid pavements are analyzed for stresses developed due to Static loads & temperature differentials. All the models are generated and analysis is carried out using the ANSYS software. Comparison of curling stresses in SFRC with conventional concrete is carried out. Parametric study for the effect of change in slab length & slab thickness of pavements on curling stresses is also done. Curling stresses due to Linear & Nonlinear temperature distribution in top & bottom layer of SFRC pavement slabs are also calculated. Frictional stresses in SFRC due to uniform temperature differential are almost same as conventional concrete. Analysis results shows, SFRC develops more stresses as compared to conventional concrete & nonlinear temperature distribution develops more stresses than linear temperature distribution. SFRC pavements are analyzed for Single axle static load for varied thickness and subgrade. Results reveal that the loading stresses are higher, when the load is at the edge region.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
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The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
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1. Hemangi K. Patade et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.420-424
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Thermal Stress Analysis of Beam Subjected To Fire
Hemangi K. Patade*, Dr. M. A. Chakrabarti**
*(Department of structural engineering VeermataJijabai Technological Institute Matunga, Mumbai-19)
** (Department of structural Engineering VeermataJijabai Technological Institute Matunga, Mumbai-19)
ABSTRACT
The effect of thermal stresses and deformations on the performance of structure due to increase in temperature is
generally not treated in design codes and standards. This project describes the behaviour of structure when
subjected to high temperature. The change in temperature makes material to expand and if this expansion is
restrained, stresses are induced which affect expected performance of structure. The force generated by restrains
is very large and its ignorance can lead to unsafe design. When structure is subjected to high temperature, it
results in reduction in stiffness and strength which significantly affects the structural performance. In this paper
analysis of beam subjected to fire loading is done. Response of steel beam subjected to ISO 834 fire with
different types of restraining support condition is studied.
Keywords: fire load, heat transfer, ISO 834, thermal analysis, thermal properties.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fire has great capacity to harm human life if
it is not properly treated. It can lead to loss of human
property and life.
Nowadays, in modern construction steel structure is
more often used, hence its response in case of fire is
necessary to study to be treated properly in design.
Structural response of steel structure in case
of fire depends on material degradation, loss of
stiffness and strength, thermal gradient, restrains for
expansion. The effects of thermally induced forces
and deformations on the performance and safety of
steel structures subjected to fire are not well
understood and are not properly treated in building
codes and standards.
Hence, resistance behavior of a beam
subjected to standard fire load iso834 curve is studied
and response of beam for different types of restrains
is studied which is helpful in understanding the
behavior of frame structure.
II. REVIEW OF PRIOR WORK
Borst and Peeters [1],Yousong and Shizhong
[2],developed closed form solution to obtain
temperature distribution in structure.Enrique
Mirambell and Antonio Aguado [3],presented study
on temperature distribution affected by geometry of
structure.C.A.Wade [4],gave summary on finite
element modelling of building components subjected
to fire.A.S. Usmani, J.M. Rotter, S. Lamont, A.M.
Sanad, M. Gillie [5],provides fundamental principles
about behaviour of structure subjected to fire
loading.Work of K. W. Poh[6],presents a new
mathematical relationship for representing the stress-
strain behaviour of structural steel at elevated
temperatures. JyriOutinen and Pentti Makelainen [7]
studied the transient state test results of different
grades of structural steel are presented and
compared with Eurocode EN1993-1-2[8].Also test
carried out to find out the remaining strength of the
material after fire. Kodur and Sultan [9] developed
relationship for thermal properties of high strength
concrete which closely fit experimental observations.
V. Narang[10]studied temperature distribution in
beam and comapred the results for section protected
with vermiculite and gypsum board coatings.
C.Crosti [11]focuses on analysis of steel structure
under fire loading and the evaluation of the structural
collapse under fire load of a real building. Chung Thi
Thu Ho [12] study on the influence of restraints to
thermal expansion on the performance and safety of
columns in steel buildings. Lisa Choe; A. H. Varma,
Anil Agarwal and Andrea Surovek[13]studied
moment curvature and buckling behavior of steel
beam column under fire loading. V.Kodur, Esam
Aziz, M.Dwaikat[14]studied the influencing factor
for better performance in case of fire. Also reviews
high-temperature constitutive relationships for steel
available in American and European standards, and
highlights the variation between these relationships
through comparison with published experimental
results. Lars-OlofBjorkstad [15] worked on
modelling of the roof truss in finite element program
and varied different parameters like boundary
conditions, cross section areas. Jenny Seputro[16]
investigated single span beam subjected to fire with
varying parameters like restraining conditions,
different fires, number of fire exposed sides.
III. METHODOLOGY
Finite element analysis has been shown to
be a valuable tool in performing thermal analysis and
evaluation of thermal quantities such as temperature,
heat flux and so on. However, the main role of the
engineer is to ensure the ability of a component to
perform without failure. Thermal stresses arising
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Hemangi K. Patade et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.420-424
www.ijera.com 421 | P a g e
from high thermal gradients can be directly combined
with mechanical stresses and structure can be design
for total stress.
1. Heat transfer
Heat transfer is energy transport in medium
due to temperature difference by conduction,
convection or radiation. Heat transfer is governed by
principle of conservation of energy. Conduction takes
place in all forms of matter solids, liquids and gases.
Convection more likely occurs with a variation in
density between the two fluids. Radiation is any
process in which energy emitted by one body travels
through a medium or through space absorbed by
another body.
2. Behaviour of structure
Fundamental principles are explained below
to get idea about estimation of stresses and
displacement which can be used in design
calculation.
Heating of material induces expansion strain
(εT)in structure. When there is uniform rise in
temperature ΔT in beam of length l and α is
coefficient of thermal expansion of material then
thermal strain produced is obtain as ε =αΔT. And
total increase in length is αΔTl.
2.1. Thermal expansion of simply supported beam
Fig.1 Free lateral expansion due to roller supports [5]
In case of simply supported beam having one roller
support, allows expansion of beam along its length
freely. Hence no stresses are induced due to thermal
gradient.
2.2. Thermal expansion of axially restrained beam
Fig.2 Reaction produced due to restrains to free
expansion [5]
Thermal expansion is resisted by producing
equal and opposite force P producing uniform axial
stress σ =P/A=EαΔT
If axial stress continues to increase, it will soon reach
to yield stress. And if material is elastic-plastic then
beam will continue to yield without increase in yield
stress.
If beam is slender then it will buckle before
reaching yield stress
2.3. Thermal bowing
Fig.3 Thermal bowing due to temperature gradient
along depth [5]
In case if real frame structure subjected to
fire in one compartment, beam undergo vertical
thermal gradient i.e. either of extreme fire subjected
to high temperature than other which causes
expansion of fire exposed surface more. This causes
bending of member. The phenomenon is known as
thermal bowing.
Combined thermal expansion and bowing
takes place and compression and bending stresses are
observed in most of the structures.
3. ISO834 fire
ISO 834 is a standard fire used as input in
computer analysis. It is the international standard of
time-temperature curve, which is defined by
T=345 log10 (8t+1) +To
Where, t is time in minutes and To is the ambient
temperature in degree Celsius.
Fig.4. ISO fire834 time-temperature curve
4. Material Properties
Material degradation should be considered
for analysis of structure subjected to fire. Guidelines
are provided in Eurocode 1993-1-2 [8] are
summarized below.
4.1. Mechanical properties
Unit mass: The unit mass of steel is
independent of temperature. Its value is taken as
7850kg/m3
Ultimate and yield strength: The generalized stress-
strain relationship is described in the Eurocode. It is
used to obtain the strength and deformation
properties of steel to determine the resistance to
tension, compression, moment or shear.
Coefficient of thermal elongation: Thermal
elongation is assumed as function of temperature as
given in eurocode3, shown in fig.7
3. Hemangi K. Patade et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.420-424
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4.2. Thermal properties
Conductivity and specific heat: variation of thermal
conductivity and specific heat can be obtained from
formulas given in Eurocode 3.
Fig.5 Thermal conductivity of steel as a function of
temperature [8]
Fig.6 Specific heat of steel as a function of
temperature [8]
Fig.7 Thermal elongation of steel as a function of
temperature [8]
Table.1. Reduction factors for stress-strain
relationship of steel at elevated temperature [8]
Steel
temperatur
e
Ts
Reduction factors at temperature T
relative to the value at 200
C
Reductio
n factor
for
effective
yield
strength
Reduction
factor for
proportionat
e limit
Reductio
n factor
for the
slope of
the linear
elastic
range
200
C 1.000 1.000 1.000
1000
C 1.000 1.000 1.000
2000
C 1.000 0.807 0.900
3000
C 1.000 0.613 0.800
4000
C 1.000 0.420 0.700
5000
C 0.780 0.360 0.600
6000
C 0.470 0.180 0.310
7000
C 0.230 0.075 0.130
8000
C 0.110 0.050 0.090
9000
C 0.060 0.0375 0.0675
10000
C 0.040 0.0250 0.0450
Assumptions are for the computer analysis
standard fire curve ISO 834 is used as input, which is
considered as realistic fire action and the boundary
conditions at supports and forces and moments at
boundaries of part of the structure may be assumed to
remain unchanged throughout the fire exposure.
5. Model Validation
C.Crosti [11] has done research on steel
structure subjected to fire loading. Where, the use of
thermo plastic material in FEA software Adina and
Strand is done to obtain results. Numerical analysis
on isolated beam is chosen as model to be validated,
evaluating successfully another finite element
software ABAQUS approach the fire resistance of
steel structure. The analysis in software takes into
account material as well as geometric non linearity.
Fig.6 shows displacement of mid span point in Y
direction for a three meter long simply supported
beam with rectangular section of 0.3X0.3 m
subjected to constant vertical force F=1410 KN at
the mid span and ISO 834 fire action.
Fig 8.Mesh of beam[11]
Table.2.Result of mid span deflection from two finite
element analysis software
Temperature in
0
C
Deflection of mid span in meter
ABAQUS
6.12-3
ADINA
(C.Crosti[11])
100 0.0205 0.017
200 0.0227 0.018
300 0.0256 0.02
400 0.0293 0.023
500 0.0342 0.03
600 0.066 0.05
700 0.258 0.2
6. Example Analysis
The analyses are based on investigation
work of J.Seputro [16] on a single span steel beam
supported at both ends. A span of 8m of universal I-
beam, 610UB101 with the dimensions and properties
lay out in Table 4.1.Uniformly distributed static load
4. Hemangi K. Patade et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.420-424
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of 25KN/m is acting on beam. Flange bottom face of
beam is subjected to fire load.
At ambient conditions, the yield strength and the
elastic modulus of the steel are 430 MPa and 210
GPa respectively, with a Poisson’s ratio, µ of 0.3.
The beam is analysed for four types of support
conditions. And deflection behaviour is observed in
each case.
Table3. The steel beam properties[16]
Type 610UB101
Weight 101 kg/m
Depth 602 mm
Flange width 228 mm
Flange thickness 14.8 mm
Web thickness 10.6 mm
Root radius 14.0 mm
Depth between flanges 572 mm
Gross cross sectional area, 13000 mm2
Second moment of area 761 x 106 mm4
Plastic section modulus 2900 x 103 mm3
Different characteristics are observed for
different supports. Response of beam varies with
support restrains provided. Maximum deflection of
mid span point is observed for fire loading. And
temperature vs. deflection plot is presented
Fig.9.Mid span deflections of beam with both pin
supports.
Fig.10.Maximum mid span deflections of beam with
pin roller supports
Fig.11.Mid span deflections of beam with both fix
supports
Fig.12.Maximum mid span deflections of beam with
one fix and one roller supports
Deflection criterion is important when
assessing failure of the structure. Rapidly increasing
deflection indicates imminent collapse or very large
deflections but no collapse, in which case the
deflected members can be repaired or replaced after
the fire. To assess fire rating of structure, deflection
criteria is important to study as it gives safe time to
escape out when structure is subjected to fire. This
study has provided basic idea of thermal analysis,
heat transfer and behaviour of structure subjected to
thermal gradient.
IV. Conclusion
Following conclusions are drawn from the
analysis work done.
With finite element program, the study of heat
transfer in any structure subjected to thermal
loads becomes easy and less effort consuming.
With previous research work, degradation
behaviour of material is standardised and is
modelled for analysis of structure subjected to
fire. Standard fire curves like ISO834 can be
modelled for analysis as it is temperature vs.
time curve. Hence response of structure can be
noted related to time and provisions can be made
in fire safety design.
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0 500 1000 1500
maximumdeflectionatmidspan
(m)
Tempearture 0C
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
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0
0 500 1000 1500
maximumdeflectionat
midspan(m)
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0
0 500 1000 1500
maximumdeflectionat
midspan(m)
Tempearture 0C
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0
0 500 1000 1500
maximumdeflectionat
midspan(m)
Tempearture 0C