International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a technique called "tiny video representation" to classify and retrieve video frames and videos. The proposed method involves preprocessing videos by splitting them into frames, removing black bars, resizing frames to 32x32 pixels, and using affinity propagation to cluster unique frames. This creates a "tiny video database" that can be used for content-based copy detection, video categorization through classification of frames, and retrieval of related videos through nearest neighbor searches. Experimental results showed the tiny video database approach improved classification precision and recall compared to using individual frames or videos.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document describes the design, implementation, and simulation of a 2-GHz low noise amplifier (LNA). The LNA is designed using both lumped elements and distributed elements approaches. Key steps in the design process are discussed, including the use of the MESFET transistor, input and output matching networks, and performance analysis using the Smith Chart. The LNA provides a noise figure of 0.358 dB, gain of 16.778 dB, and meets other specifications. Simulation results show that the lumped elements approach achieves better performance than the distributed elements approach. The document outlines the design process and evaluation of LNAs to meet requirements for wireless communication systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a technique called "tiny video representation" to classify and retrieve video frames and videos. The proposed method involves preprocessing videos by splitting them into frames, removing black bars, resizing frames to 32x32 pixels, and using affinity propagation to cluster unique frames. This creates a "tiny video database" that can be used for content-based copy detection, video categorization through classification of frames, and retrieval of related videos through nearest neighbor searches. Experimental results showed the tiny video database approach improved classification precision and recall compared to using individual frames or videos.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document describes the design, implementation, and simulation of a 2-GHz low noise amplifier (LNA). The LNA is designed using both lumped elements and distributed elements approaches. Key steps in the design process are discussed, including the use of the MESFET transistor, input and output matching networks, and performance analysis using the Smith Chart. The LNA provides a noise figure of 0.358 dB, gain of 16.778 dB, and meets other specifications. Simulation results show that the lumped elements approach achieves better performance than the distributed elements approach. The document outlines the design process and evaluation of LNAs to meet requirements for wireless communication systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document summarizes a study characterizing the anodized film developed on titanium plates in a KOH bath. Key findings:
1. Anodizing titanium in a KOH bath between 20-72V produced films with colors ranging from blue to yellow to purple to green.
2. Analysis found the film consisted mainly of TiO2 and Ti2O3 and was uniform and compact.
3. Corrosion testing showed the film anodized at 50-52V exhibited the best corrosion resistance in salt spray, acid, and impedance tests, while films at lower and higher voltages had decreasing resistance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the design and implementation of a network device driver in Linux using NAPI (New API) to improve performance. It begins with an introduction to network device drivers and challenges with high interrupt loads. It then describes NAPI and how it uses polling instead of interrupts to process packets. The rest of the document provides details on the specific NAPI implementation for an ARM920T processor, including advantages like reduced interrupt processing and packet dropping. It evaluates the performance improvement from using NAPI during high packet loads. In summary, NAPI is a technique for network device drivers to improve Linux performance under heavy network traffic by reducing interrupt processing and using polling.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) Airbags were initially developed for fighter planes in World War 2 and were introduced in cars in the 1980s. They are now required in all new cars.
2) Airbags work by rapidly inflating with gas generated from a chemical reaction upon crash sensor detection of a frontal collision. Sodium azide produces nitrogen gas to fill the airbag in a series of reactions.
3) The main components of an airbag system are the airbag module containing the inflator and airbag, crash sensors to detect a collision, and a diagnostic unit. Sensors can be mass-type or roller-type and are located at the front and inside the passenger compartment.
Airbags are safety devices that inflate rapidly during a collision to protect passengers. They work by cushioning impacts and spreading out the force over a larger area of the body. Airbags are most commonly made of woven nylon fabric and contain sodium azide, which produces nitrogen gas to inflate the bag within 30-60 milliseconds of a crash. Common airbag locations include the steering wheel and passenger dashboard. New technologies continue to be developed, such as side curtain airbags, to improve safety.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document summarizes a study characterizing the anodized film developed on titanium plates in a KOH bath. Key findings:
1. Anodizing titanium in a KOH bath between 20-72V produced films with colors ranging from blue to yellow to purple to green.
2. Analysis found the film consisted mainly of TiO2 and Ti2O3 and was uniform and compact.
3. Corrosion testing showed the film anodized at 50-52V exhibited the best corrosion resistance in salt spray, acid, and impedance tests, while films at lower and higher voltages had decreasing resistance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the design and implementation of a network device driver in Linux using NAPI (New API) to improve performance. It begins with an introduction to network device drivers and challenges with high interrupt loads. It then describes NAPI and how it uses polling instead of interrupts to process packets. The rest of the document provides details on the specific NAPI implementation for an ARM920T processor, including advantages like reduced interrupt processing and packet dropping. It evaluates the performance improvement from using NAPI during high packet loads. In summary, NAPI is a technique for network device drivers to improve Linux performance under heavy network traffic by reducing interrupt processing and using polling.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) Airbags were initially developed for fighter planes in World War 2 and were introduced in cars in the 1980s. They are now required in all new cars.
2) Airbags work by rapidly inflating with gas generated from a chemical reaction upon crash sensor detection of a frontal collision. Sodium azide produces nitrogen gas to fill the airbag in a series of reactions.
3) The main components of an airbag system are the airbag module containing the inflator and airbag, crash sensors to detect a collision, and a diagnostic unit. Sensors can be mass-type or roller-type and are located at the front and inside the passenger compartment.
Airbags are safety devices that inflate rapidly during a collision to protect passengers. They work by cushioning impacts and spreading out the force over a larger area of the body. Airbags are most commonly made of woven nylon fabric and contain sodium azide, which produces nitrogen gas to inflate the bag within 30-60 milliseconds of a crash. Common airbag locations include the steering wheel and passenger dashboard. New technologies continue to be developed, such as side curtain airbags, to improve safety.
This document is a seminar report on airbag systems submitted in partial fulfillment for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It provides an overview of the history and development of airbags, including key events like the introduction of regulations in the 1960s and 1980s requiring passive restraint systems in vehicles. The report also outlines the main components of airbag systems like the airbag module, sensors, and airbag control unit. It describes the different types of airbags and their functions, as well as some risks associated with airbags. The conclusion states that airbags reduce the risk of death in frontal crashes by 30% when used along with seatbelts.
This document discusses the history and development of airbags. It begins with an introduction describing the early inventions of airbags in the 1950s-1970s and their mandated inclusion in vehicles starting in 1998. It then defines airbags as flexible membranes that inflate rapidly during collisions to cushion occupants. The document classifies different types of airbags and discusses their advantages in reducing injury compared to seatbelts alone. It notes some disadvantages like potential injuries during deployment and concludes that airbags lower injuries and deaths in automobile accidents.
This document discusses the history and development of airbags from their invention in the 1950s to modern implementations. It defines airbags as flexible membranes that inflate during a collision to cushion occupants. The document outlines the key components of airbag systems including sensors, inflators, and chemical reactions used to rapidly inflate the bags. It also classifies different types of airbags and discusses the advantages of reduced injury but potential disadvantages if injuries occur from airbag deployment. New trends toward more advanced systems that better tailor airbag use are also mentioned.
Airbags were developed to provide protection for automobile drivers and passengers during accidents. They work by rapidly inflating with gas upon collision to cushion occupants from impact. Modern airbags are located in the steering wheel, dashboard, doors, and seats. They supplement seatbelts and help distribute crash forces across the body. While airbags save thousands of lives each year, they can also potentially cause injuries if deployed improperly. Automakers are working to develop more advanced airbag systems tailored to occupants.
Working of safety airbags and their manufacturinganil mangalan
Air bags are inflatable cushions that protect vehicle occupants during a collision. They are part of an airbag restraint system that supplements seat belts. An airbag system includes airbag modules, crash sensors, an electronic control unit, connecting coils, and wiring. During a crash, sensors detect the impact and signals ignite an inflator that rapidly fills the airbag with gas to cushion occupants within 50 milliseconds. Airbags are manufactured by compressing sodium azide propellant into disks, assembling inflators, sewing nylon fabric into bags, folding bags, and testing completed modules before installation in vehicles.
The recent trend manufacturer’s shows keen interest in safety and pleasure riding. The seat belts and the airbags which are now a important attachment of the cars must be utilized fully for safer riding. The weakest and most harzdous part the glasses in cars are also now made to add safety with the advanced technology. If this condition persist the safety factor in cars will reach a pioneer position. With these kind of improved technology will pay way for usage of large number of passenger cars
The document provides an overview of various components that make up the body and structure of a car, as well as safety features. It discusses how the body shell is made up of stamped steel sections to protect occupants, provide structure, and reduce air resistance. It also describes frame/chassis types, door components, window mechanisms, seats, and various safety elements like seat belts, air bags, and child safety seats that aim to minimize injury in collisions. Crash testing and studies show that seat belts and air bags used together provide the best protection.
This research proposal aims to develop a new airbag module using environmental materials and improved manufacturing technology. The new design would use thermoplastic polyurethane film instead of nylon to reduce waste and costs. It would also utilize high-frequency plastic welding instead of sewing to manufacture the cushion faster and prevent gas leaks. Computer simulations and testing would evaluate the new design's head injury criteria and multi-second protection time, showing improvements over traditional airbags. The goals are to provide better safety performance at a lower price while addressing environmental concerns.
This document discusses airbags used in automobiles. It begins with an introduction to airbags, noting they are safety restraint systems that rapidly inflate during a collision. It then discusses the purpose of airbags is to protect occupants from hitting hard surfaces in a crash. The document goes on to explain the physics behind how airbags reduce force on the body during impact by increasing time over which force is applied and distributing force over a larger area. It provides details on the design, construction, types, materials and manufacturing of airbag systems. In conclusion, it states airbags made from nylon 6,6 are commonly used due to their strength, energy absorption and thermal resistance properties.
DESIGN AND FE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID MOTOR CYCLE HELMETAM Publications
The present work deals with the geometrical development of the existing helmet using CAD software tool and then the structural analysis of the existing model using ANSYS workbench linear analysis and the results, deformation, stress, strain plots was been compared with well established results. Then the alternative model with other combinations was been developed and analyzed for the structural analysis and the results was been compared with the existing helmet. At the end the helmet with superior strength, characteristics with low material cost will be achieved through the research.
Intro to Quality Management Week 3Air Bag RecallAssignment.docxMargenePurnell14
Intro to Quality Management Week 3
Air Bag Recall
Assignment
Review the article “Blow Out” from this week’s reading assignment. This article pertains to the recall of air bag products. Assume you are the manager for a large automotive company that will be using air bags in your products. What risk assessment tools will you use in order to ensure that the product being installed into your vehicles meets safety standards in order to avoid a recall? Use your course materials and outside research to generate a solid analysis on why these methods would be helpful. Your analysis should be supported by research.
Directions for obtaining the file: Login to the Grantham University library by clicking on the Resources tab from the main page. You will then log into EBSCOHost. Once you have accessed the database, simply copy and paste the title of the article and press enter to search and you should now have the file accessible to review.
The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:
•Write between 750 – 1,250 words (approximately 3 – 5 pages) using Microsoft Word in APA style, see example below.
•Use font size 12 and 1” margins.
•Include cover page and reference page.
•At least 80% of your paper must be original content/writing.
•No more than 20% of your content/information may come from references.
•Use at least three references from outside the course material, one reference must be from EBSCOhost. Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the three reference requirement.
•Cite all reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) in the paper and list on a reference page in APA style.
Article
Section:
Features
Business: Cars
Keywords: Safety; Automotive industry; Driving; Accidents; Brain; Congress; Design; Regulations; Vehicles; Weight; Fariello; Cars
Air bags are meant to save lives. Now a massive recall shows how they sometimes can turn deadly
Forensic Investigator Sal Fariello, whose job is to deconstruct car crashes, has witnessed a catalog of carnage caused by air bags over the past two decades. In his collection, there is a photo of a woman who has been horribly scarred by an inflating air bag. There's an X-ray of a driver's broken wrists snapped in the "fling zone" of an air bag that mashed both arms from a 10-and-2 position into the car's roof. He can cite numerous drivers who suffered torn aortas or lacerated brain stems, all the result of being "punched" by an air bag inflating at 200 m.p.h. (322 km/h). "What's sitting in the front of the steering wheel is an explosive device," explains Fariello, the author of Airbag Injuries: Causation & Federal Regulation. "Nasty, unexpected events can occur."
None have been nastier than the injuries and deaths caused by exploding inflators in air bags made by automotive supplier Takata Corp., based in Tokyo. Its air bags have been blamed for killing five motorists in.
Intro to Quality Management Week 3Air Bag Recall.docxMargenePurnell14
Intro to Quality Management Week 3
Air Bag Recall
Assignment
Review the article “Blow Out” from this week’s reading assignment. This article pertains to the recall of air bag products. Assume you are the manager for a large automotive company that will be using air bags in your products. What risk assessment tools will you use in order to ensure that the product being installed into your vehicles meets safety standards in order to avoid a recall? Use your course materials and outside research to generate a solid analysis on why these methods would be helpful. Your analysis should be supported by research.
Directions for obtaining the file: Login to the Grantham University library by clicking on the Resources tab from the main page. You will then log into EBSCOHost. Once you have accessed the database, simply copy and paste the title of the article and press enter to search and you should now have the file accessible to review.
The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:
•Write between 750 – 1,250 words (approximately 3 – 5 pages) using Microsoft Word in APA style, see example below.
•Use font size 12 and 1” margins.
•Include cover page and reference page.
•At least 80% of your paper must be original content/writing.
•No more than 20% of your content/information may come from references.
•Use at least three references from outside the course material, one reference must be from EBSCOhost. Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the three reference requirement.
•Cite all reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) in the paper and list on a reference page in APA style.
Article
Section:
Features
Business: Cars
Keywords: Safety; Automotive industry; Driving; Accidents; Brain; Congress; Design; Regulations; Vehicles; Weight; Fariello; Cars
Air bags are meant to save lives. Now a massive recall shows how they sometimes can turn deadly
Forensic Investigator Sal Fariello, whose job is to deconstruct car crashes, has witnessed a catalog of carnage caused by air bags over the past two decades. In his collection, there is a photo of a woman who has been horribly scarred by an inflating air bag. There's an X-ray of a driver's broken wrists snapped in the "fling zone" of an air bag that mashed both arms from a 10-and-2 position into the car's roof. He can cite numerous drivers who suffered torn aortas or lacerated brain stems, all the result of being "punched" by an air bag inflating at 200 m.p.h. (322 km/h). "What's sitting in the front of the steering wheel is an explosive device," explains Fariello, the author of Airbag Injuries: Causation & Federal Regulation. "Nasty, unexpected events can occur."
None have been nastier than the injuries and deaths caused by exploding inflators in air bags made by automotive supplier Takata Corp., based in Tokyo. Its air bags have .
Report on safety feature in car :::- by sachin kumar sachin kumar
This report is contained many safty feature in car with full report of many automobile industry are provied these features ( ppt of this topic are available by the name of "" safty features in car by sachin kumar
Computer-generated illustration by Richard Kolker for TIME.docxmaxinesmith73660
Computer-generated illustration by Richard Kolker for TIME
Danger zone This artist’s
representation highlights the potential
hazard from an exploding air bag
BUSINESS
B LOW
O U T
f or e ns ic i n v e s t ig at or s a l fa r i e l l o ,
whose job is to deconstruct car crashes, has
witnessed a catalog of carnage caused by
air bags over the past two decades. In his
collection, there is a photo of a woman who
has been horribly scarred by an inflating
air bag. There’s an X-ray of a driver’s broken
wrists snapped in the “fling zone” of an air
bag that mashed both arms from a 10-and-2
position into the car’s roof. He can cite nu-
merous drivers who suffered torn aortas
or lacerated brain stems, all the result of
being “punched” by an air bag inflating at
200 m.p.h. (322 km/h). “What’s sitting in
the front of the steering wheel is an explo-
sive device,” explains Fariello, the author of
Airbag Injuries: Causation & Federal Regula-
tion. “Nasty, unexpected events can occur.”
None have been nastier than the injuries
and deaths caused by exploding inflators
in air bags made by automotive supplier
Takata Corp., based in Tokyo. Its air bags
have been blamed for killing five motorists
in the U.S. so far. More than 10 million cars
from 10 makers—including BMW, Chrys-
ler, Honda, Nissan and Toyota—have
been recalled. On Nov. 26, the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) ordered Takata to expand its
most recent recall from a regional one to
a national one. Takata declined on the ba-
sis that the problem is confined to areas
like Florida with high relative humidity.
Toyota and Honda are following NHTSA’s
advice and issued a national recall. All the
cars are from model year 2011 or older.
Takata’s suspect inflation canisters con-
tain a propellant—tablets of ammonium
nitrate—that is ignited at the onset of a crash
to initiate a chemical reaction that produces
AIR BAGS ARE ME ANT
TO SAVE LIVES. NOW A
MASSIVE RECALL SHOWS
HOW THE Y SOME TIMES
CAN TURN DE ADLY
BY BILL SAPORITO
51
52
BUSINESS | CARS
bear when your car crashes into another
vehicle or object. In a collision, your car
stops abruptly, but you don’t. Your head
and body keep moving forward, translat-
ing that energy according to Newtonian
physics until some other force arrests it.
Before the advent of air bags and seat belts,
this “velocity debt” was repaid—at terrible
cost—when your head or body smashed
into the steering column or dashboard.
To stop your head’s violent forward mo-
tion requires considerable counterviolence.
After a car’s accelerometers and sensors de-
tect a crash pulse—the rapid deceleration
that signals impact—an algorithm in the
electronic control unit (ECU) then decides
whether to deploy the air bag and at what
pressure. If the ECU says deploy, the explo-
sion that rapidly expands an air bag also
hurtles it toward your head at speeds rang-
ing from 98 m.p.h. to 200 m.p.h. (158 km/h
to 322 km/h).
For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars.
Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions. Air Bags have been under development for many years. The attraction of a soft pillow to land against in a crash must be very strong.
The document provides information about airbag systems used in four wheelers. It describes the key components of an airbag system including sensors that detect collisions, an airbag control unit that monitors sensors and controls inflation, and an inflation system using a chemical reaction to rapidly fill the airbag cushion within 30 milliseconds of a crash. The purpose of airbags is to cushion occupants and reduce injuries by spreading out the force of impact over a larger area as the body decelerates upon collision. Nylon and polyester are common materials used for the airbag fabric. Regulations have made airbags mandatory in newer vehicles to improve occupant safety during crashes.
The document summarizes key topics discussed at a vehicle safety workshop, including:
1. The origins of motor vehicle safety regulations dating back to 1909 with the first international convention establishing design standards.
2. How vehicle safety has improved over time through regulatory standards and consumer demand, but there is still work to be done in rapidly motorizing countries.
3. The UN Decade of Action's goal to reduce road fatalities by 50% by 2020 through initiatives like building safer vehicles, roads, and post-crash response systems.
IRJET- Safety Enhancement in Vehicle Design to Prevent Neck Injury Due to Rea...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study that uses finite element analysis to simulate rear impact crashes and predict whiplash injuries in order to enhance vehicle seat design safety.
2) Three seat models were designed and simulated - without a headrest, with a basic headrest, and with a taller headrest. The simulation integrated a crash dummy model and subjected it to rear impact conditions.
3) The results showed reduced neck displacement and acceleration with each design modification, indicating less risk of whiplash injury. Increasing the headrest height was the most effective at limiting dangerous neck motion during rear impact.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Dk35615621
1. Tasnim N. Shaikh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.615-621
www.ijera.com 615 | P a g e
Air Bag: A Safety Restraint System of an Automobile.
Tasnim N. Shaikh, Satyajeet Chaudhari and Hiren Rasania
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University
of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Abstract:
The present paper represents a brief review of life saving system in roll- over accidents, while driving on the
road by a four wheeler. An Airbag is an automotive safety restraint system for an occupant as well as
passengers. The system consists of a flexible fabric envelope or cushion, designed to inflate rapidly during an
automobile collision. Its purpose is to cushion occupants during a crash and provide protection to their bodies
when they strike interior objects such as the steering wheel or a window etc. Thus it lowers the number of
injuries by reducing the force exerted by steering wheel, windows and the dashboard at any point on the body.
Continuing research and developments are going on in its module design, combustible material, air bag fabric
design and material, coating etc. in making this life saving safety device further efficient. However, success of
any safety restraint device depends on its correct implementation and certain safety rules to be followed.
Key Words: Air bag, Collision, Occupant, Fatal injury, Safety, Passenger.
I. Introduction
A car becomes an essential feature for any
service class as well as businessman to meet with the
stringent demand of hectic lifestyle. Safety of the
driver as well as passengers becomes an important
feature along with comfort and performance of any
family car. Airbags have even been suggested from
the beginning of the motor vehicle safety. It has been
used for the protection of head, knees and legs. Rear
passenger airbags and side airbags in addition to
driver air bag [ figure 1] are developed for providing
protection in roll- over accidents by shielding the
occupants and passengers from side window glass
and protecting the head 1 -9
.
Figure 1: Different types of air bags
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Tasnim N. Shaikh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.615-621
www.ijera.com 616 | P a g e
II. Airbag
An Airbag is an automotive safety restraint
system. It is an occupant restraint system consisting
of a flexible fabric envelope or cushion designed to
inflate rapidly during an automobile collision. Its
purpose is to cushion occupants during a crash and
provide protection to their bodies when they strike
interior objects such as the steering wheel or a
window. Thus it lowers the number of injuries by
reducing the force exerted by steering wheel and the
dashboard or any point on the body. This is
accomplished in two ways, viz; i) by increasing the
interval over the force being applied or ii) by
spreading the fore over a large area of the body 1 -14
.
III. Brief History of the Airbag systems
development
The first concepts for an automatically
inflating "air cushion" used as an impact protection
for car passengers were discussed in the sixties,
approximately 10 years after corresponding patents
had been granted 9
. John HETRICK'S 1
patent
describes a general airbag system in which a self-
opening airbag is automatically inflated following a
sudden deceleration of the vehicle.
In the USA ordinances “FMVSS 208” was
passed in the middle of the sixties against the
background of increasing numbers of accidents, to
improve vehicle safety, thereby it called "Safety
Act"1, 6, 15-19
. A bundle of new ordinances were
planned to improve safety in traffic. It was not until
1984, following long and controversial discussions,
that an agreement could be reached on the
introduction of a passive restraint system on
September 1, 1989 for all new vehicles registered in
the USA. These automatic restraint systems could be
automatically closing seat belts or the airbag. In order
to be able to comply with the new ordinances
(FMVSS 208) immediately after they come into
force, airbag developments were also initiated and
intensified by European automobile manufacturers;
primarily by Mercedes-Benz. The basic development
of "passive restraint systems" stepped up at
Mercedes-Benz from 1967 onwards. This first
development stage from 1967 to 1972 is referred to
as "the principle functional proof 5-8, 20-23
.
However, General Motors has also
introduced its first airbags in the early 1970s but
consumer did not readily accept them. The market for
airbag was assured by US when the Department of
Transportation (DOT) implemented the “Federal
Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 208” in
1984 as mention above. Because of this law, the US
leads the commercialization of airbag 2, 24-25
.
The airbags of initial phase were inflated
using compressed-gas canisters. However, the
pressure canisters could only be accommodated in the
instrument panel. Connection to the steering wheel
proved problematic since it could only be sealed with
great difficultly22, 25
. In the next development phase
experiments were carried out with liquefied gas and
solid fuels. The solid propellant should supply the
thermal energy needed to expand the liquid Fringe.
Although the necessary inflation time of 1/30 second
was reached this system was still too heavy20-25
. A
neoprene-coated polyamide fabric was initially
determined as a suitable material for the airbag. After
1970, research concentrated on an inflator filled with
solid fuel to inflate the airbag. Together with
development partners from the chemicals and
automotive industries, this method of producing the
gas was perfected for series production as of 1974. In
December 1980, the first vehicle with a driver airbag
was launched by Mercedes Benz. Seat belt tensioner
were also offered for the driver and front seat
passenger. As of 1988 front-seat passengers were
also protected by an airbag. Since the beginning of
the nineties, all automobile manufacturers have been
offering airbags as a standard feature or optional
extra, even in compact class cars1-10
.
However, the world-wide use of the airbag
system didn't proceed harmoniously since on the US-
American market it is specified as the only restraint
system (passive system) whereas in Europe it has
been developed as an additional safety device (SRS:
Supplemental Restraint System) to the seat belt
system. These different developments have affected
the size of the airbag and inflator. As a sole passenger
protection system the airbags must be much bigger
and must inflate earlier since the unprotected
passenger collides faster with the instrument panel.
The number of persons, driver and passenger killed in
traffic has dropped continuously since 1970. Table1
represents the same statistics for belted, non belted
and over all3-7
.
3. Tasnim N. Shaikh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.615-621
www.ijera.com 617 | P a g e
As a result of which air bag penetration in the market
has also get hiked from 1999 to 2005 [figure 2].
Airbag growth has also increased accordingly in
every region of the vehicle with the stringent demand
of the safety [figure 3]5, 9
.
Thus development of Federal rules, increased public
awareness for safety and concern for safety has
enhanced the growth of air bags in the market 7
.
Figure 2: Statistics for Airbag Application in Vehicles
Table 1: Effectiveness of Frontal Air bag
4. Tasnim N. Shaikh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.615-621
www.ijera.com 618 | P a g e
Figure 3: Airbag Unit growth in Vehicles, by Region- 2000 to 20005.
IV. Air bag Production Process
Typical manufacturing line for air bag has
been shown in figure 5. Airbags can be manufactured
by either of the mechanisms of fabric
manufacturing, viz; weaving and non- woven fabric
manufacturing process 4, 14, 18
.
V. Materials used in Air bag
Mostly used raw material for the airbag
fabric is nylon 6, 6 yarns in the deniers ranging from
420 to 840. The side impact airbags used 1880 D
nylon- 6.61, 6-9, 25
. Table 3 shows the important
properties of these commercially used fabrics. They
are generally woven, with the construction of either
840 X 840 D, 98 X 98 /dm plain weave, 60” width or
420 X 420 D, 193 X 193 /dm plain weave, 60”
width22-25
.
Usually Rapier with insertion rate of 400 m/min has
been found most suitable for weaving airbags. Since,
it can maintain warp tension with accuracy of 1 CN
per warp12-14
. Even water jet and air jet with insertion
rate of 600 m/min are being used15
. Commonly, the
airbag made were coated by neoprene, but recently
silicon coated and uncoated varieties have become
popular. Coated airbag are generally preferred for
driver seats. The weight per unit length uncoated one
is higher than coated bags4
, i.e. 244 - 257 Vs 175
g/m2
. Today, the latest research on potential airbag
Figure 5: Air bag fabric productions flow-chart
5. Tasnim N. Shaikh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.615-621
www.ijera.com 619 | P a g e
materials includes High tenacity polyester, Nylon 4,
6, etc. apart from Nylon 6, 6. However Nylon 6, 6
has the most superior quality in all8-12
.
Air bag fabric has to keep a balance between
two extreme conditions 1-2
. It has to be sufficiently
flexible to fold into relatively small volumes. At the
same time it should be sufficiently strong to
withstand the deployment at high speed, e.g. under
the influence of an explosive charge, and the impact
of passengers or other influences when inflated21-25
.
To play this role successfully airbag fabric should
possess following quality parameters3, 8, 25
:
1. Small fabric thickness.
2. Low specific fabric weight.
3. High tenacity in warp and weft direction as well
as toughness.
4. High tenacity for furthers tearing.
5. High elongation.
6. Good resistance to aging.
7. Heat resistance up to 190 0
C.
8. Good resistance to UV light.
9. Low and very even air permeability.
10. Reduced cost.
11. Precisely controlled gas permeability.
12. Excellent seam integrity.
13. Reduced value or burn through resistance.
14. Improved pliability and pack height
Airbag system
The air bag system consists of three basic parts- an
air bag module, crash sensor and a diagnosis unit1-6
.
Some systems have ON/OFF switch to deactivate air
bag system [figure 4]. The air bag module contains
both an inflator unit and the lightweight fabric air
bag. The driver air bag module is located in the
steering wheel hub, and the passenger air bag module
is located in the instrument panel. When fully
inflated, the driver air bag is approximately the
diameter of a large beach ball. The passenger air bag
can be two or three times larger since the distance
between the right-front passenger and the
instrumental panel is much larger than the distance
between the driver and steering wheel1-9
.
Table 3: Constructional details of Airbag fabric.
The crash sensors are located either in the
front of the vehicle and/or in the passenger
compartment. Vehicle can have one or more crash
sensors. The sensors are activated by forces
generated in significant frontal or near-frontal crashes
only and not during sudden braking or while driving
on rough or uneven pavement.
The diagnostic unit monitors the readiness
of the air bag system. The unit is activated when the
vehicle’s ignition is turned on. If the unit identifies a
problem, a warning light alerts the driver to service
the air bag system before use. Most diagnostic units
contain a device, which stores enough electrical
energy to deploy the air bag if the vehicle battery is
destroyed very early in a crash sequence5-12
.
Vehicles like pickup trucks do not have rear seats;
have manually operated ON/OFF switches for the
passenger air bags2-3
.
VI. The mode of operation of the airbag
system
The first stage of the airbag deployment is
the accident itself. The collision, be it frontal or
lateral, activates an array of sensors in the vehicle,
including accelerometers, impact sensors, side
pressure sensors, brake pressure sensors, and seat
occupancy sensors. All these sensors are in intimate
connection with the ACU (Airbag Control Unit). The
unit decides if and how to deploy the airbags. When
the ACU detects that the deployment threshold has
been reached, it initiates the inflation stage. As the
Type of airbag Neoprene coated Non- coated Silicone
coated
Yarns Nylon 6,6 Nylon 6,6 Nylon 6,6 Nylon
6,6
Nylon 6,6
Denier 840 420 840 420 420
EPI 98 193 32 57 46
PPI 98 793 32 51 46
GSM 280 260 252 238 175
Thickness(mm) 0.38 0.34 0.4 0.35 0.25
Figure 4: ON/OFF switch of air bag system
6. Tasnim N. Shaikh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.615-621
www.ijera.com 620 | P a g e
compressed air system would have been impractical
and quite inefficient, engineers came up with an idea
quite similar to the working principle of the solid
rocket booster. Each airbag incorporates a
pyrotechnic device, known as an initiator or electric
match, consisting of an electrical conductor cocooned
in combustible material. A current pulse heats up the
conductor, which in turn ignites the combustible
material. This igniter triggers the chemical reaction
that actually fills the nylon fabric airbag with gas.
The large volume of gas then forces the airbag out of
the steering wheel and/or dashboard at a speed of up
to 200 mph or 322 mph, the whole process taking
about 0.04 seconds. Considering that the blink of an
eye is approximated at 0.2 seconds, one could say it's
quite a speedy process 1-10
.
The last stage of the airbag process is the
deflation, which occurs almost immediately after the
inflation is completed. The gas escapes through
special vents. They also prevent the occupants from
suffering major impact injuries. Another effect of the
deflation is the release of dust-like particles, mostly
cornstarch and talcum powder that are used to
lubricate the airbag. Small amount of Sodium
hydroxide may initially be present. This chemical can
cause minor irritation to the eyes and/or open
wounds; however, with exposure to air, it quickly
turns into Sodium bicarbonate (common baking
soda). Depending on the type of air bag system,
potassium chloride (a table salt substitute) may also
be present. Initially, the chemicals used in airbags
were a major health concern, but present systems will
only produce a mild irritation of the throat and eyes
for most people, as an outcome of dust released.
Generally, these minor irritations continue up to the
time occupant remains in the vehicle with the
windows closed and no ventilation. However, person
with asthma may develop an asthmatic attack from
inhaling the dust; need to immediately seek medical
treatment6-14
.
Once deployed, the air bag cannot be reused and
should be replaced by an authorized service
department.
VII. Air bag contact injuries
Air bags must inflate very rapidly to be
effective, and therefore come out of the steering
wheel hub or instrumental panel with considerable
force, generally at a speed over 100 mph. Due to this
very high initial force, contact with a deploying air
bag may cause injury. Properly restraint occupant
along with applied due seat belt receives very minor
abrasion or burns. However, very serious or fatal
injuries can occur when someone is very close to, or
in direct contact with an air bag module when the air
bag deploys. Even never attach objects to an air bag
module or place loose objects on or near an air bag
module, since they can be propelled with great force
by a deploying air bag, potentially cause serious or
fatal injuries. Thus safety restraint system must be
utilized with due care and regulation to get best
results 12, 16-22
.
An unrestrained or improperly restraint occupant can
be seriously injured or killed by a deploying air bag.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) recommended certain rules for the safety
of occupant and passengers23-26
. They are as follows:
1. Never put a rear-facing infant restraint in the
front seat of a vehicle with a front passenger air
bag.
2. Children 12 and under should be properly
restrained in a rear seat.
3. Driver should sit with at least 10 inches between
the centre of their breast bone and the steering
wheel.
4. Always apply seat belt, it retain occupant and
passenger rightly positioned and minimizes risk
of serious injuries.
VIII. Conclusion
The number of persons killed or injured in
traffic has dropped continuously since the
development of air bag system. Over the time, the
development of seat belt becomes an indisputable
matter of course. Today, the 3-point automatic seat
belt, seat belt tensioner and airbag constitute a
carefully matched passenger protection system.
Implementation of these safety restraint systems with
due care and regulation can further drop the fatality
rate and serious injuries at the time of road accidents.
References
[1] Study 2 , “Test Procedure for Airbags”,
IKA report in 2008 , 8328 , pp 1-125.
[2] Panchal. M, Dayaramani. A , project done
by DKTE students, online launched on,
“http://www.textilepapers.tripod.com “, pp
1-9.
[3] Goltner .W , Hohnke .G , Swoboda .P ,
“Fabric for airbag” US5236775 A patent
published in Aug 17, 1993, pp 1-7.
[4] Khan. M. S, project done by DKTE
students, online launched on Textile learner
–“ Air-bag for automobiles”,
http://www.textilelearner.blogspot.com , pp
1-14.
[5] Dupont , Sun. J, Barnes J. A, Airbag End-
Use Technology, “Marerial selection for
Air-bags” , pp 1-8.
[6] NHTSA data presented at
http://www.hwysafety.org, “Airbags
questions and Answers.
[7] Smith W. C , “Automotive air-bags”,
Industrial Textile Associates Greer, SC
29650 , pp 1-26. Www.intexa.com.
[8] Khan. M. S , project done by DKTE
students, online launched on Textilereview
“ Theory behind Air bags application in
automobiles”, pp 7-11.
7. Tasnim N. Shaikh et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.615-621
www.ijera.com 621 | P a g e
[9] Http://www.autoevolution.com/how air-bag
works.html.
[10] “What do you know about air bag?”-
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA)
Publication,November 2002.
Www.nhtsa.dot.gov.
[11] “Air bag fabric possessing improved packed
volume characteristics”-EP 0975521 A1
(text from WO1998046485A1)
[12] J.A. Barnes, N. Rawson, “Melt-Through
Behaviour of Nylon 6.6 Airbag Fabrics”,
Proc.“Airbag 2000”, Fraunhofer Institut für
Chemische Technologie, Karlsruhe, 26-27,
November, 1996., Pub. Fraunhofer press
[13] Jae-hyung Kim, Dong-Jin Kwak, Ki-Jeong
Kim, Ki-Jeong Kim, “Polyester fabric and
preparation method for the same” US
2013/0033027 A1 patent published in Feb.
7, 2013, pp 1-13.
[14] Gary W Nelb, “Global Trends in Airbag
Fibers and Fabrics, International Fiber
Journal, Dec 1998
[15] Walter Fung And Mike Hardcastle ‘Textiles
in automotive engineering’ Woodhead
Publishing Limited.
[16] Kenneth E. Warner, “ Bags, Buckles, and
Belts: The Debate over Mandatory Passive
Restraints in Automobiles”.doi:
10.1215/03616878-8-1-44 Journal of Health
Politics, Policy and Law 1983 Volume 8,
Number 1: 44-75
[17] C. Bastien, M. V. Blundell, D. Stubbs, J.
Christensen, J. Hoffmann, M. Reisinger, R.
Van Der Made, “Correlation of Airbag
Fabric Material Mechanical Failure
Characteristic for Out of Position
Applications” PROCEEDINGS OF ISMA
2010 INCLUDING USD2010, pp 1679-
1683.
[18] MADYMO Theory Manual Release 7.2 on
January 2010, pp 253-298.
[19] Keshavaraj R, R. W. Tock, and Dan H,
“Analysis of Fabrics used in Passive
restraint systems”, Journal of Textile
Institute. (U.K.) , pp 1-5, 1995.
[20] Keshavaraj, R , R. W. Tock, and Nusholtz
G. S., “Evaluating airbagfabrics,
Automotive Engineering”, Vol. 103, 11, pp
55-58, 1995.
[21] Keshavraj R , Tock R. W. , and Haycook D,
“Airbag fabric material modelling of nylon
and polyester fabrics using a very sample
neural network architecture”, J .Appl.
Polym. Sci , 60, pp 2329-2338, 1996.
[22] Partridge J.F. ,Mukhopadhyay S.K. , and
Barnes J.A , “Dyanic air permeability
behaviour of nylon 6 6 airbag fabrics” Text.
Res. J. , 68, pp 726-731, 1998.
[23] Patridge J. F. , and Mukhopadhyay s. K. ,
“Mathematical predictions of gas
permeability for automotive airbags” J.
Appl. Polym. Sci. , 77, pp 2104- 112,2000.
[24] Jae-Hyung Kim , Dong-Jin Kwak , Jung-
Hoon Youn, “POLYESTER FABRICS FOR
AIRBAG AND PREPARATION METHOD
THEREOF” patent application no.
20120043742, published on 23. Feb. 2012,
pp 1-13.
[25] Mukhopadhyay S.K. and Patridge J.F.,
Automotive Textiles, Textile Progress, The
Textile Institute, 29(172), 1997.
[26] Ramesh Keshavaraj, Characterization,
Modeling, and Design of Airbags and
Woven Expansible Fabrics, Doctoral
Dissertation, Texas Tech University. 1995