This document summarizes the behavior of concrete structures in fire conditions. It discusses how fire affects the properties of concrete and steel reinforcement over time as temperatures rise. Common methods for determining a structure's fire resistance rating include standardized fire tests that subject materials to set heat conditions over time. The document also outlines simplified design approaches for evaluating how structural components may collapse at different failure points as the effects of fire cause their strengths to deteriorate.
To minimize loss of life and property, structure of building should be established to allow time for evacuation from place location of the fire and to provide the structure and prevent the collapse of buildings having high fire risk rate. Considered most of buildings made by concrete in our country, integrity of concrete must be provided during the time period escape from fire. Particularly, buildings and fire compartments having high fire risk, must be designed to provide high strength and to minimize the loss of goods. Forming fireproof compartments may be accomplished by, treatment of the weak points and determinating temperature changes on the concrete components. Fire resistance of concrete increased by adding puzzolan additives. In the study, behavior of concrete exanimate at different temperatures and optimal concrete composition evaluated. Use of such concrete built with laboratories and flammable and chemical gases or liquids stores, will reduce the life losses significantly. Moreover, studies in the light of the findings obtained that, usage of concrete in those locations has a great significance, in the creation of a secure environment during evacuation and quenched period.
Keywords: Concrete, Fire Resistant, Puzzolan Additives,
High Performance concrete, Durability
Study on the fire resistant design of reinforced concrete flexural memberseSAT Journals
Abstract The inherent fire resistance property of concrete is one of its benefits. This thesis mainly focuses on fire resistant design of RC flexural member’s viz. beams and slabs using finite element software ANSYS 13. Both thermal and thermo-structural analysis was carried out for various parameters. Thermal analysis is done by taking into concern several parameters viz. aggregate type, cover to the reinforcement, concrete thickness, strength of concrete etc. The results are compared with IS 456:2000 provisions. Thermo-structural analysis is conducted for various support conditions and load ratio. Elements were modeled using SOLID 70 element and LINK 33 element for thermal analysis. For thermo-structural analysis instead of SOLID 70 element, SOLID 65 element was used. The parameters having a paramount influence on fire resistance are support conditions, dimensions of members, action of members under load, cover to the reinforcement, type of aggregates etc. Effect of the parameters on fire resistance is found out. Techniques to develop fire resistance are then found out. Moreover, it is found out that by changing some parameters, better fire resistant design for structural elements can be achieved. Key Words: Thermal analysis, Thermo-structural analysis, SOLID 70, SOLID 65, LINK 33
Performance of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures: Utilizing A Blended Ordinar...IOSR Journals
This study aimed at investigating the effect of subjecting concrete, produced with cement being
partially replaced with saw dust ash (SDA) to elevated temperatures. The performance of the test concrete cubes
was done by exposing them to elevated temperatures of 200oC, 400oC, 600oC and 800oC, and allowed to cool
down to room temperature before testing for their properties. Both the physical and thermal properties of the
concrete cubes were determined. The concrete produced by blending cement with 10% SDA with an average
percentage loss of 23.04% retained more of its compressive strength when exposed to the different
temperatures, than concrete produced using only OPC, which has an average percentage loss of 29.11%. It is
also found that, at an elevated temperature of 800oC, concrete fail totally in flexure due to the effect of high
heat on binding elements. The flexural strength of both the control concrete (at 0% OPC replacement) and
OPC/SDA blended concrete (at 10% OPC replacement) decreased as the temperature is increased. The
replacement of OPC by 10% SDA increased the thermal shock resistance of the concrete by 11 cycles than the
0% OPC concrete at the same temperature. The concrete produced with OPC has better thermal conductivity
than the concrete produced by blending OPC with SDA, as a result, the dislodgement of the concrete edges is
relatively lower in the SDA blended cement concrete than in the OPC concrete. The result shows that, blending
OPC with SDA in concrete performed better at elevated temperatures than concrete produced with only OPC.
Therefore, the replacement of OPC with 10% SDA can be applied as a fire resisting bonding material in
concrete.
CONCRETE
CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE
LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
PRINCIPLE TECHNIQUES BEHIND LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
PRODUCTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
CLASSIFICATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
NATURAL AGGREGATE
ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATE
LOW-DENSITY CONCRETES
STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
MODERATE-STRENGTH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
AERATED OR FOAMED CONCRETE
MANUFACTURING OF FOAMED CONCRETE
PROPERTIES OF FOAMED CONCRETE
APPLICATIONS OF FOAMED CONCRETE
NO FINES CONCRETE
PROPERTIES NO FINES CONCRETE
APPLICATIONS NO FINES CONCRETE
HIGH DENSITY CONCRETE
Man-made (Synthetic) Aggregates
ADMIXTURE
High Strength Concrete
SPECIAL METHODS OF MAKING HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
the power point slides that discuss about the detailed description about the special type of concrete known as light weight concrete and what is unique in this type of concrete,how it is different from other types of concrete
To minimize loss of life and property, structure of building should be established to allow time for evacuation from place location of the fire and to provide the structure and prevent the collapse of buildings having high fire risk rate. Considered most of buildings made by concrete in our country, integrity of concrete must be provided during the time period escape from fire. Particularly, buildings and fire compartments having high fire risk, must be designed to provide high strength and to minimize the loss of goods. Forming fireproof compartments may be accomplished by, treatment of the weak points and determinating temperature changes on the concrete components. Fire resistance of concrete increased by adding puzzolan additives. In the study, behavior of concrete exanimate at different temperatures and optimal concrete composition evaluated. Use of such concrete built with laboratories and flammable and chemical gases or liquids stores, will reduce the life losses significantly. Moreover, studies in the light of the findings obtained that, usage of concrete in those locations has a great significance, in the creation of a secure environment during evacuation and quenched period.
Keywords: Concrete, Fire Resistant, Puzzolan Additives,
High Performance concrete, Durability
Study on the fire resistant design of reinforced concrete flexural memberseSAT Journals
Abstract The inherent fire resistance property of concrete is one of its benefits. This thesis mainly focuses on fire resistant design of RC flexural member’s viz. beams and slabs using finite element software ANSYS 13. Both thermal and thermo-structural analysis was carried out for various parameters. Thermal analysis is done by taking into concern several parameters viz. aggregate type, cover to the reinforcement, concrete thickness, strength of concrete etc. The results are compared with IS 456:2000 provisions. Thermo-structural analysis is conducted for various support conditions and load ratio. Elements were modeled using SOLID 70 element and LINK 33 element for thermal analysis. For thermo-structural analysis instead of SOLID 70 element, SOLID 65 element was used. The parameters having a paramount influence on fire resistance are support conditions, dimensions of members, action of members under load, cover to the reinforcement, type of aggregates etc. Effect of the parameters on fire resistance is found out. Techniques to develop fire resistance are then found out. Moreover, it is found out that by changing some parameters, better fire resistant design for structural elements can be achieved. Key Words: Thermal analysis, Thermo-structural analysis, SOLID 70, SOLID 65, LINK 33
Performance of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures: Utilizing A Blended Ordinar...IOSR Journals
This study aimed at investigating the effect of subjecting concrete, produced with cement being
partially replaced with saw dust ash (SDA) to elevated temperatures. The performance of the test concrete cubes
was done by exposing them to elevated temperatures of 200oC, 400oC, 600oC and 800oC, and allowed to cool
down to room temperature before testing for their properties. Both the physical and thermal properties of the
concrete cubes were determined. The concrete produced by blending cement with 10% SDA with an average
percentage loss of 23.04% retained more of its compressive strength when exposed to the different
temperatures, than concrete produced using only OPC, which has an average percentage loss of 29.11%. It is
also found that, at an elevated temperature of 800oC, concrete fail totally in flexure due to the effect of high
heat on binding elements. The flexural strength of both the control concrete (at 0% OPC replacement) and
OPC/SDA blended concrete (at 10% OPC replacement) decreased as the temperature is increased. The
replacement of OPC by 10% SDA increased the thermal shock resistance of the concrete by 11 cycles than the
0% OPC concrete at the same temperature. The concrete produced with OPC has better thermal conductivity
than the concrete produced by blending OPC with SDA, as a result, the dislodgement of the concrete edges is
relatively lower in the SDA blended cement concrete than in the OPC concrete. The result shows that, blending
OPC with SDA in concrete performed better at elevated temperatures than concrete produced with only OPC.
Therefore, the replacement of OPC with 10% SDA can be applied as a fire resisting bonding material in
concrete.
CONCRETE
CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE
LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
PRINCIPLE TECHNIQUES BEHIND LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
PRODUCTION OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
CLASSIFICATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
NATURAL AGGREGATE
ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATE
LOW-DENSITY CONCRETES
STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
MODERATE-STRENGTH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE
AERATED OR FOAMED CONCRETE
MANUFACTURING OF FOAMED CONCRETE
PROPERTIES OF FOAMED CONCRETE
APPLICATIONS OF FOAMED CONCRETE
NO FINES CONCRETE
PROPERTIES NO FINES CONCRETE
APPLICATIONS NO FINES CONCRETE
HIGH DENSITY CONCRETE
Man-made (Synthetic) Aggregates
ADMIXTURE
High Strength Concrete
SPECIAL METHODS OF MAKING HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
the power point slides that discuss about the detailed description about the special type of concrete known as light weight concrete and what is unique in this type of concrete,how it is different from other types of concrete
CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BLOCKS WITH DIFFERENT MIX PROPORTIONSIjripublishers Ijri
Burnt Clay Brick is the predominant construction material in the country. The CO2 emissions in the brick manufacture
process have been acknowledged as a significant factor to global warming. Now-a-days there are so many technologies
involved in the recent development of concrete. Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) is one of the recent emerging technology
in making concrete. The usage of Cellular Light-weight Concrete (CLC) gives a prospective solution to building
construction industry along with environmental preservation. By using this type of concrete, we have found so many
advantages when compared to the burnt clay bricks.
Effect of silica fume on the strength of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
The replacement of sand/cement by certain percentage of silica fumes, resulted in the improvement in compressive strength of the mortar. Silica fumes to the highly pozzolanic materials because it consists essentially of silica in non- crystalline form with a high specific surface. It is used to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of silica fume on the compressive strength of mortar. Three proportions of mixes viz mix 1:3, mix 1:4 and mix 1:6 with different percentages of silica fumes replacement with sand/cement were used. The maximum increase in strength at the age of 28 days when sand is replaced by 15% of silica fume has been observed as 40% and in case of cement replaced with 15% of silica fume, the observed increase in compressive strength of mortar comes out to be 28%.
A quantitative cost analysis shows that with the replacement of cement and sand by silica fume, the in cost is more when sand is replaced and it is less when cement is replaced.
Keywords: pozzolanic, silica fumes, non- crystalline, compressive strength
CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BLOCKS WITH DIFFERENT MIX PROPORTIONSIjripublishers Ijri
Burnt Clay Brick is the predominant construction material in the country. The CO2 emissions in the brick manufacture
process have been acknowledged as a significant factor to global warming. Now-a-days there are so many technologies
involved in the recent development of concrete. Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) is one of the recent emerging technology
in making concrete. The usage of Cellular Light-weight Concrete (CLC) gives a prospective solution to building
construction industry along with environmental preservation. By using this type of concrete, we have found so many
advantages when compared to the burnt clay bricks.
Effect of silica fume on the strength of cement mortareSAT Journals
Abstract
The replacement of sand/cement by certain percentage of silica fumes, resulted in the improvement in compressive strength of the mortar. Silica fumes to the highly pozzolanic materials because it consists essentially of silica in non- crystalline form with a high specific surface. It is used to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of silica fume on the compressive strength of mortar. Three proportions of mixes viz mix 1:3, mix 1:4 and mix 1:6 with different percentages of silica fumes replacement with sand/cement were used. The maximum increase in strength at the age of 28 days when sand is replaced by 15% of silica fume has been observed as 40% and in case of cement replaced with 15% of silica fume, the observed increase in compressive strength of mortar comes out to be 28%.
A quantitative cost analysis shows that with the replacement of cement and sand by silica fume, the in cost is more when sand is replaced and it is less when cement is replaced.
Keywords: pozzolanic, silica fumes, non- crystalline, compressive strength
Study of Fire on Structural Materials and Its ProtectionRSIS International
Fire Safety is one of the important parameter in
modern design philosophy. Effect of fire on structural elements
made up of concrete and steel are quite different and is mostly
considered as secondary effects. Both most widely used
structural materials concrete and steel shows different response
when subjected to fire of constant temperature. Thus detailed
study on effect of fire on structural materials like concrete and
steel under different loading conditions, exposure conditions and
cooling methodology is essential. In the present study effect of
fire on concrete cubes subjected to different loading conditions
and cooling conditions are studied experimentally. Apart efficacy
of protective coating made up of piezoelectric powder with
structural epoxy for structural steel material subjected to
temperature exposure is also explored. It has been found that,
compressive strength of concrete cube reduces significantly when
preloaded with load irrespective of types of cooling methods.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Shot firing the Plasco Building and Reasons for the collapseQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: With the advancement of science in all fields, particularly the discovery of electricity and gas, that created urban installations, plumbing and power plants with urban life of the people, along with all the advantages and comfort to the human race, had also associated risks. Among these are fire hazards. That this incident alone caused losses of life and property also and it can be imagined that in accompany of earthquakes and fires what kinds of the tragedy occurs. In this article, it can be attempted that first, to introduce Plasco Building and its history to speak briefly to explain the reasons for the collapse of this old and massive structures.
FIRES AS A CAUSE OF CONCRETE DETERIORATIONMohamed Omer
Presentation outline
Introduction to the subject
What is the causes of fire?
Physical and chemical response to fire
Spalling of concrete
Factors influencing the explosive spalling
How to improve the concrete structures in the fire resistance?
Case study - Concrete structure subjected to a fire in U.A.E
Rehabilitation methods and the repairing plan
Recommendation and conclusions
Fire damage, evaluation, ndt, and repair of concrete structuresAkshaykumar More
Reinforced concrete and masonry structures are protected from fire by the cover that is present over the reinforcement, whereas steel structures are protected with externally applied fire- resistive materials. All three of these types of structures must be properly evaluated after a fire to assess the nature and extent of the damage.
A proper assessment of the structure after a fire event involves both field and laboratory work to determine the extent of fire damage, in order to design appropriate and cost effective repairs. This presentation presents an overview of how to conduct an evaluation of fire-damaged Concrete structures.
Experimental study of temperature rise and early age thermal crack control in...eSAT Journals
Abstract The issues related to thermal cracking of concrete at early age are discussed in this paper. The main cause of these cracks are inhomogeneous volume changes associated with thermal and moisture gradients occurring in concrete structures which affects the durability of structure, serviceability or its appearance. The experimental study was carried out on six cast in-place reinforced concrete slabs and three reinforced thick concrete walls of different section thicknesses to determine the peak temperature rise in the structure, which was determined using temperature sensor (Thermocouple). Results obtained in the study indicated different peak rise in temperature for different section thickness, it was also studied that slabs and walls of same section thickness, produced nearly same peak temperature rise in the structure. The paper also discusses crack control measure by provision of distribution reinforcement to prevent early age thermal cracking based on the thermal data's obtained in the field. The design is carried out as per the available provisions in Indian code for the field data's, and the design results are compared with the available data's in Indian codes.. Keywords: Mass Concrete, Peak rise in temperature, Thermal gradient, Section thickness, Thermal cracks
Rapid hardening cement (RHC) is a type of cementsudeshphdce
Rapid hardening cement (RHC) is a type of cement that achieves higher early strength development compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). It's formulated to set and harden rapidly, often within a few hours, allowing for faster construction processes. Here's an overview of its characteristics and uses:
Composition: Rapid hardening cement typically contains a higher proportion of tri-calcium silicate (C3S) and finer particles compared to OPC. These characteristics contribute to the rapid hydration and strength gain.
Setting Time: RHC has a shorter setting time compared to OPC. While OPC may take several hours to set, RHC can set in as little as a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the specific formulation and environmental conditions.
Early Strength Development: One of the primary advantages of RHC is its ability to achieve high early strength. This allows for quick demolding of concrete elements, early removal of formwork, and faster construction schedules.
Applications:
Emergency Repairs: RHC is often used for emergency repairs, where quick strength gain is essential to minimize downtime.
Cold Weather Concreting: In cold weather conditions, where low temperatures can slow down the hydration process, RHC can be used to accelerate strength development.
Pre-cast Concrete: RHC is commonly used in pre-cast concrete applications where fast turnaround times are required.
Highway Repairs: For rapid repairs of roads and highways, RHC can be advantageous due to its quick-setting properties.
Limitations: While RHC offers benefits in terms of early strength development and faster construction, it may have lower ultimate strength compared to OPC. Therefore, it's essential to consider the specific requirements of the project and balance the need for early strength gain with long-term durability.
Overall, rapid hardening cement is a valuable material in construction projects where time is of the essence, allowing for efficient and timely completion of tasks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.