This document describes a wireless sensor network system designed to monitor temperature and pH levels in a fish farm. The system uses sensor nodes equipped with temperature and pH sensors that transmit the sensor readings wirelessly to a central base station. The base station receives the data and displays it on a GUI created using LabVIEW. The sensor nodes use a ZigBee wireless protocol for low power transmission. The system is intended to automatically monitor fish farm conditions and detect any parameters that exceed safe thresholds. This provides a low-cost alternative to manual monitoring that can detect changes more frequently and predict events. The prototype system was implemented with sensor nodes transmitting real-time water quality data to a monitoring computer.
Ijeee 3-6-implementation of environment monitoring system using arm microcont...Kumar Goud
Implementation of Environment Monitoring System using ARM Microcontroller Communication
SABEEH AFAQ ISMAEL 1 Dr.CHANDRASEKHAR REDDY 2
M.Tech Embedded Systems, Dept of ECE Professor
JNTUH Collage of Engineering JNTUH College of Engineering
Iraqi Ministry of Communications drpcsreeddy@gmail.com
Afaq_s2002@yahoo.com
Abstract: In present scenario, there is no mechanism to find where irrigation is needed. In this Project, we made wireless sensor network for monitoring the crop field area by Deploying water sensors in the land to detect the places where the water level is low. From Those results we irrigate to that particular place only. From the above methodology we Can conserve water and minimize the problem of water logging in the land. We used humidity Sensor to sense the weather. By this the farmer can get idea about the climate. If There is any chance for rainfall; the farmer need not irrigate the crop field. Due to this we can Conserve water and also power since we didn’t turn on motors. Nowadays in the crops the Fertilizer level is increasing, which affects people. By using pH sensors we get the Information about the soil and analyze the acid level of the soil. By which we can apply fertilizer To the place where it needs, also we can avoid over fertilization of the crops. Temperature is a Randomly varying quantity in the environment of paddy field. Temperature reading gives Information to the farmer. By using temperature sensors we can detect the temperature, and Irrigate the water to the crop.
Keywords: WSN, GSM, PDA, Zigbee
Visible Light Communication and Device Switching Using Embedded Web Serverpaperpublications3
Abstract: A wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for transmission of data can be termed as Li-Fi also known as Visible Light Communication. The main purpose of this paper is particularly to show the advantages of Li-Fi technology in audio transmission and device switching using an embedded web server with light as the medium of transmission. Here the LED is used as the source of light for transmitting the necessary information to the receiver. This technology enables in sending more data to the receiving end very quickly. Li-Fi makes use of transmitter fitted with LED lamps that can illuminate a room as well as transmit information. As this technology uses LEDs, there is no need of separate infrastructure to be deployed exclusively for this purpose. Thus existing LED lights in conjunction with a transmitter circuit can be used for data transmission which can be received by the receiver equipped with appropriate circuitry thereby reducing the use of Radio Frequency for wireless transmission of data.
Widipay a cross layer design for mobile payment system over lte directeSAT Journals
Abstract Long term evolution direct, plus its features of device-to-device networking and proximate discovery, are new and emerging
technologies able to come out of the shadow to render a whole new perspective at mobile payments. In this work, we propose a
new mobile payment system using long term evolution direct and its features. A sensitive mobile payment system would require
high security requirements in order to be trusted by the users and the businesses. These requirements are taken into account in
our proposed system design and solutions to security considerations are provided. The system’s security and usability features are
designed for implementation from physical to application layer to address the identified issues. Within the scope of this work, we
provided the conceptual design solutions to allow the system to be as solid and secure as possible while they are convenient
enough not to degrade user’s experience when using the system.
Keywords: LTE Direct, Mobile Payment, Internet of Things, Device-To-Device Networking
Development of biomedical technologies is an urgent necessity to improve diagnostic services.
Electronic pill technology is a more recent development.
A small miniaturized electronic pill can reach all areas such as small intestine.
Ijeee 3-6-implementation of environment monitoring system using arm microcont...Kumar Goud
Implementation of Environment Monitoring System using ARM Microcontroller Communication
SABEEH AFAQ ISMAEL 1 Dr.CHANDRASEKHAR REDDY 2
M.Tech Embedded Systems, Dept of ECE Professor
JNTUH Collage of Engineering JNTUH College of Engineering
Iraqi Ministry of Communications drpcsreeddy@gmail.com
Afaq_s2002@yahoo.com
Abstract: In present scenario, there is no mechanism to find where irrigation is needed. In this Project, we made wireless sensor network for monitoring the crop field area by Deploying water sensors in the land to detect the places where the water level is low. From Those results we irrigate to that particular place only. From the above methodology we Can conserve water and minimize the problem of water logging in the land. We used humidity Sensor to sense the weather. By this the farmer can get idea about the climate. If There is any chance for rainfall; the farmer need not irrigate the crop field. Due to this we can Conserve water and also power since we didn’t turn on motors. Nowadays in the crops the Fertilizer level is increasing, which affects people. By using pH sensors we get the Information about the soil and analyze the acid level of the soil. By which we can apply fertilizer To the place where it needs, also we can avoid over fertilization of the crops. Temperature is a Randomly varying quantity in the environment of paddy field. Temperature reading gives Information to the farmer. By using temperature sensors we can detect the temperature, and Irrigate the water to the crop.
Keywords: WSN, GSM, PDA, Zigbee
Visible Light Communication and Device Switching Using Embedded Web Serverpaperpublications3
Abstract: A wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for transmission of data can be termed as Li-Fi also known as Visible Light Communication. The main purpose of this paper is particularly to show the advantages of Li-Fi technology in audio transmission and device switching using an embedded web server with light as the medium of transmission. Here the LED is used as the source of light for transmitting the necessary information to the receiver. This technology enables in sending more data to the receiving end very quickly. Li-Fi makes use of transmitter fitted with LED lamps that can illuminate a room as well as transmit information. As this technology uses LEDs, there is no need of separate infrastructure to be deployed exclusively for this purpose. Thus existing LED lights in conjunction with a transmitter circuit can be used for data transmission which can be received by the receiver equipped with appropriate circuitry thereby reducing the use of Radio Frequency for wireless transmission of data.
Widipay a cross layer design for mobile payment system over lte directeSAT Journals
Abstract Long term evolution direct, plus its features of device-to-device networking and proximate discovery, are new and emerging
technologies able to come out of the shadow to render a whole new perspective at mobile payments. In this work, we propose a
new mobile payment system using long term evolution direct and its features. A sensitive mobile payment system would require
high security requirements in order to be trusted by the users and the businesses. These requirements are taken into account in
our proposed system design and solutions to security considerations are provided. The system’s security and usability features are
designed for implementation from physical to application layer to address the identified issues. Within the scope of this work, we
provided the conceptual design solutions to allow the system to be as solid and secure as possible while they are convenient
enough not to degrade user’s experience when using the system.
Keywords: LTE Direct, Mobile Payment, Internet of Things, Device-To-Device Networking
Development of biomedical technologies is an urgent necessity to improve diagnostic services.
Electronic pill technology is a more recent development.
A small miniaturized electronic pill can reach all areas such as small intestine.
Easy to swallow wireless telemetry is an engineered invention to make a step forward in medical history . Now a days electronic equipments making world a better place to live . Hope life becoming easy day to day using electronic gadgets. Now its turn to create a revolution in medical history.
Bluetooth is a low-cost, short-range wireless technology with
small footprint, small power consumption, reasonable
throughput and hence suitable for various small, batterydriven devices like mobile phones, PDAs, cameras, laptops
etc. Development of the Bluetooth started several years ago
with the intention to replace all sorts of cables used to
connect different devices. In meantime the idea has evolved
and Bluetooth is now developing not just as a point-to-point,
but as a network technology as well.
Bluetooth has gone through periods of big hype when it was
considered as the best short-range technology as well as
through periods when it was considered a failure. However,
the last year could be seen as the turning point year for
Bluetooth. A lot of various Bluetooth devices and accessories
appeared on the market, broad range of users is able to use it
and first experiences are generally positive. The main
challenge in front of Bluetooth developers now is to prove
interoperability between different manufacturers’ devices and
to provide numerous interesting applications. An example of
such applications are wireless sensor networks.
Bluetooth operates in the 2.4GHz frequency band and uses
frequency hopping spread spectrum technique. There are 79
channels, each 1MHz wide, available for hopping.
A Bluetooth device has to be member of a piconet to be able
to communicate with other devices. A piconet is a collection
of up to 8 devices that frequency hop together. Each piconet
has one master, usually the device that initiated establishment
of the piconet, and up to 7 slave devices. Master’s Bluetooth
address is used for definition of the frequency hopping
sequence. Slave devices use the master’s clock to
synchronize their clocks to be able to hop simultaneously.
Wireless sensor networks are an interesting research area
with many possible applications. They are based on
collaborative effort of many small devices capable of
communicating and processing data. There are still many
open issues ranging from the choice of physical and MAC
layer to design of routing and application level protocols.
Bluetooth is a possible choice for data communication in
sensor networks. Good throughput, low-power, low-cost,
standardized specification and hardware availability are
Bluetooth advantages, while slow connection establishment
and lack of scatternet support are some of the deficiencies.
An initial implementation of a Bluetooth based sensor
network platform is presented. Implemented functionality and
various problems experienced during the implementation are
described. Implemented platform presents a good
environment for further research and development of sensor
network protocols and algorithms.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Implementation of Low Cost Radon Measuring System for Air Quality Monitoringijtsrd
Because inhaling radon and its radioactive decay products causes irradiation of lung tissue, the radon data obtained from houses and workplaces need to be transferred using Wi Fi and the Internet to a database on a radon monitoring server system. To do this, a PIN photodiode radon measuring system was implemented and the ESP8266 Wi Fi module was used for wireless communication. Through some experimental studies, we showed that the data transmission using these Wi Fi modules was very successful. Jun-Yong Kim | Gyu-Sik Kim ""Implementation of Low-Cost Radon Measuring System for Air Quality Monitoring"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30075.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/30075/implementation-of-low-cost-radon-measuring-system-for-air-quality-monitoring/jun-yong-kim
Wireless sensors for automation, monitoring, and control. 25+ year battery life - no battery replacement. Connect to any BAS network (BACnet, Modbus, LonWorks, more). The flexibility of wireless with the predictability and longevity of wired systems.
The ARM Based Granary Environmental Monitoring and Controlling System using Z...paperpublications3
Abstract: Grain storage is the important factor for seasonal production. Grain is an important strategic resource of the country. This article designs Granary Environment Monitoring and Controlling system which is having combination of Embedded system and ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network technology. The design of wireless sensor network using ZigBee which is used for multipoint acquisition and transmission of environment parameters using AVR Processor to the Grain storage manager and transmission of control signals through ARM7 which improves the Scalability and flexibility of grain storage management.
Smart Water Monitoring System using Cloud Serviceijtsrd
Water is the basic need for survival. Hence, the wastage of it is not tolerable. Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet water needs within a region. Its effects are spread all over the world and around 2.8 billion people are affected by it. More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. Therefore, water monitoring has become an important subject of matter. The project Water Monitoring System for Smart Village using cloud service, as the name says it is all about monitoring of water right from small villages, townships to entire urban infrastructure. The project deals with the efficient monitoring of water using Internet of Things IoT technology enabled by sensors. The sensor network can be flexible expanded and shrunk according to the requirements of setup. It is used for remotely controlling the water flow, cutting the water supply, monitoring and analyzing the water usage across the nodes, with the help of cloud connectivity. Further, more statistical data can be gathered and can be used by govt. authorities for defining policies, strategies and billing calculations. So ultimately, this will help to conserve and efficiently utilize the natural resource. Using IoT takes into account of waste wastage right from small village to large scale. It can also control the water usage in a precise way. Divya YA "Smart Water Monitoring System using Cloud Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21379.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21379/smart-water-monitoring-system-using-cloud-service/divya-ya
Implementation of Internet of Things for Water Quality Monitoringijtsrd
To make sure the safe supply of the drinking water the quality of the water needs to be monitored. As the monitoring of the water parameter is a complex process as it has been going through several laboratory testing processes and though it is time consuming. The system for monitoring the water quality in the Internet of Things IoT consists of a number of sensors which are used for measuring the parameters of the water these parameters are temperature, pH, turbidity, and CO2 of the water. The measured values of the parameter from the sensors can be processed by Arduino pro mini microcontroller which can be used as a core controller. System focus on continuous monitoring of water in the IOT platform. Internet of things is the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, sensors, software, and network connectivity. Monitoring water parameter can be done from anywhere as a central office using thinger.io which is an open source IoT platform as free server data can be continuously pushed on the cloud so we can see data in real time operation. Sensors are connected with the Arduino pro mini and this can send the parameter value to the Wi Fi module ESP8266 which require internet for sending this parameter values to thinger.io from the thinger.io anyone can see the real time values of the water parameter and these values are also shown on the LCD16×2 screen which is connected to the microcontroller. Priya S. Bhagat | Dr. Vijay S. Gulhane | Prof. Tanuj S. Rohankar ""Implementation of Internet of Things for Water Quality Monitoring"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23655.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/23655/implementation-of-internet-of-things-for-water-quality-monitoring/priya-s-bhagat
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Easy to swallow wireless telemetry is an engineered invention to make a step forward in medical history . Now a days electronic equipments making world a better place to live . Hope life becoming easy day to day using electronic gadgets. Now its turn to create a revolution in medical history.
Bluetooth is a low-cost, short-range wireless technology with
small footprint, small power consumption, reasonable
throughput and hence suitable for various small, batterydriven devices like mobile phones, PDAs, cameras, laptops
etc. Development of the Bluetooth started several years ago
with the intention to replace all sorts of cables used to
connect different devices. In meantime the idea has evolved
and Bluetooth is now developing not just as a point-to-point,
but as a network technology as well.
Bluetooth has gone through periods of big hype when it was
considered as the best short-range technology as well as
through periods when it was considered a failure. However,
the last year could be seen as the turning point year for
Bluetooth. A lot of various Bluetooth devices and accessories
appeared on the market, broad range of users is able to use it
and first experiences are generally positive. The main
challenge in front of Bluetooth developers now is to prove
interoperability between different manufacturers’ devices and
to provide numerous interesting applications. An example of
such applications are wireless sensor networks.
Bluetooth operates in the 2.4GHz frequency band and uses
frequency hopping spread spectrum technique. There are 79
channels, each 1MHz wide, available for hopping.
A Bluetooth device has to be member of a piconet to be able
to communicate with other devices. A piconet is a collection
of up to 8 devices that frequency hop together. Each piconet
has one master, usually the device that initiated establishment
of the piconet, and up to 7 slave devices. Master’s Bluetooth
address is used for definition of the frequency hopping
sequence. Slave devices use the master’s clock to
synchronize their clocks to be able to hop simultaneously.
Wireless sensor networks are an interesting research area
with many possible applications. They are based on
collaborative effort of many small devices capable of
communicating and processing data. There are still many
open issues ranging from the choice of physical and MAC
layer to design of routing and application level protocols.
Bluetooth is a possible choice for data communication in
sensor networks. Good throughput, low-power, low-cost,
standardized specification and hardware availability are
Bluetooth advantages, while slow connection establishment
and lack of scatternet support are some of the deficiencies.
An initial implementation of a Bluetooth based sensor
network platform is presented. Implemented functionality and
various problems experienced during the implementation are
described. Implemented platform presents a good
environment for further research and development of sensor
network protocols and algorithms.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Implementation of Low Cost Radon Measuring System for Air Quality Monitoringijtsrd
Because inhaling radon and its radioactive decay products causes irradiation of lung tissue, the radon data obtained from houses and workplaces need to be transferred using Wi Fi and the Internet to a database on a radon monitoring server system. To do this, a PIN photodiode radon measuring system was implemented and the ESP8266 Wi Fi module was used for wireless communication. Through some experimental studies, we showed that the data transmission using these Wi Fi modules was very successful. Jun-Yong Kim | Gyu-Sik Kim ""Implementation of Low-Cost Radon Measuring System for Air Quality Monitoring"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30075.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/30075/implementation-of-low-cost-radon-measuring-system-for-air-quality-monitoring/jun-yong-kim
Wireless sensors for automation, monitoring, and control. 25+ year battery life - no battery replacement. Connect to any BAS network (BACnet, Modbus, LonWorks, more). The flexibility of wireless with the predictability and longevity of wired systems.
The ARM Based Granary Environmental Monitoring and Controlling System using Z...paperpublications3
Abstract: Grain storage is the important factor for seasonal production. Grain is an important strategic resource of the country. This article designs Granary Environment Monitoring and Controlling system which is having combination of Embedded system and ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network technology. The design of wireless sensor network using ZigBee which is used for multipoint acquisition and transmission of environment parameters using AVR Processor to the Grain storage manager and transmission of control signals through ARM7 which improves the Scalability and flexibility of grain storage management.
Smart Water Monitoring System using Cloud Serviceijtsrd
Water is the basic need for survival. Hence, the wastage of it is not tolerable. Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet water needs within a region. Its effects are spread all over the world and around 2.8 billion people are affected by it. More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. Therefore, water monitoring has become an important subject of matter. The project Water Monitoring System for Smart Village using cloud service, as the name says it is all about monitoring of water right from small villages, townships to entire urban infrastructure. The project deals with the efficient monitoring of water using Internet of Things IoT technology enabled by sensors. The sensor network can be flexible expanded and shrunk according to the requirements of setup. It is used for remotely controlling the water flow, cutting the water supply, monitoring and analyzing the water usage across the nodes, with the help of cloud connectivity. Further, more statistical data can be gathered and can be used by govt. authorities for defining policies, strategies and billing calculations. So ultimately, this will help to conserve and efficiently utilize the natural resource. Using IoT takes into account of waste wastage right from small village to large scale. It can also control the water usage in a precise way. Divya YA "Smart Water Monitoring System using Cloud Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21379.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/21379/smart-water-monitoring-system-using-cloud-service/divya-ya
Implementation of Internet of Things for Water Quality Monitoringijtsrd
To make sure the safe supply of the drinking water the quality of the water needs to be monitored. As the monitoring of the water parameter is a complex process as it has been going through several laboratory testing processes and though it is time consuming. The system for monitoring the water quality in the Internet of Things IoT consists of a number of sensors which are used for measuring the parameters of the water these parameters are temperature, pH, turbidity, and CO2 of the water. The measured values of the parameter from the sensors can be processed by Arduino pro mini microcontroller which can be used as a core controller. System focus on continuous monitoring of water in the IOT platform. Internet of things is the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, sensors, software, and network connectivity. Monitoring water parameter can be done from anywhere as a central office using thinger.io which is an open source IoT platform as free server data can be continuously pushed on the cloud so we can see data in real time operation. Sensors are connected with the Arduino pro mini and this can send the parameter value to the Wi Fi module ESP8266 which require internet for sending this parameter values to thinger.io from the thinger.io anyone can see the real time values of the water parameter and these values are also shown on the LCD16×2 screen which is connected to the microcontroller. Priya S. Bhagat | Dr. Vijay S. Gulhane | Prof. Tanuj S. Rohankar ""Implementation of Internet of Things for Water Quality Monitoring"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23655.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/23655/implementation-of-internet-of-things-for-water-quality-monitoring/priya-s-bhagat
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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A Review of Physical, Data and Network Layer Specification and its Protocols ...Editor IJMTER
Wireless sensor network is a group of smart sensors, each capable of sensing, processing and
communicating the data or messages when any event occurs. When nodes deployed in numbers it form a
network which collectively monitor the state of the phenomenon activity of physical world. Its applications and
potential benefits are remarkable and seem only limited by imagination. The interdisciplinary property makes
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A ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Environmentijsrd.com
This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as light, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node.
Measurement of NPK, Temperature, Moisture, Humidity using WSNIJERA Editor
In India, where the economy is mainly base on agriculture and the climatic conditions are isotropic and are not
able to make full use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains and scarifies of land
reservoir water and overused of fertilizers so we need to control these parameters. This system made wireless
sensor network for monitoringagricultural environments for various factors such as NPK, temperature and
humidity along with other factors can be of significance.By using pH sensors we get the information about the
soil and analyze the acid level of the soil. By which we can apply fertilizer to the place where it needs, also we
can avoid over fertilization of the crops. We used humidity sensor to sense the weather. By this the farmer can
get idea about the climate. If there is any chance for rainfall; the farmer need not irrigate the crop field. This
Seminar reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural
environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as Nitrates, Zink, Potassium,
Phosphorus, Humidity and Temperature along with other factors can be of significance. The ability to document
and detail changes in parameters of interest has become increasingly valuable. Investigations were performed
for a remote monitoring system using WiFi, where the wireless sensor nodes are based on WSN802G modules.
These nodes send data wirelessly to a central server, which collects the data, stores it and allows it to be
analyzed and displayed as needed.
WSN Based Temperature Monitoring System for Multiple Locations in Industryijtsrd
Wireless sensor network technology has demonstrated a great potential for industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. Speci cally, in process monitoring and control, process data such as pressure, humidity, temperature, ow, level, viscosity, density and vibration intensity measurements can be collected through sensing units and transferred wirelessly to a control system for operation and management. Adopting WSNs for process monitoring and control provides great advantages over traditional wired system. In today's world we are facing with many di erent types of emergencies in the indoor environment. Response to such emergencies is critical in order to protect resources including human life and also we can save property from damage. This wireless sensor network for Temperature monitoring System which can report the emergency to the users in various forms, such as pop ups on a Computer screen, SMS on their cell phones and so on. Due to this exibility of reporting low cost wireless sensor network prepared for emergency response system of future. We are going to develop three wireless sensor nodes and we have to place in di erent position in the building using arduino board and we have to inform to the master node or monitoring node about the temperature available at each sensor node. While sending data to each and every sensor is very costly. Hence nodes are connected to WSN and their is only one node called 'Gateway' which collects the data from all other nodes and sends it to the cloud. Aditya Jogdand | Amit Chaudhari | Niranjan Kadu | Udaykumar Shroff ""WSN Based Temperature Monitoring System for Multiple Locations in Industry"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23124.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23124/wsn-based-temperature-monitoring-system-for-multiple-locations-in-industry/aditya-jogdand
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Zigbee based water quality monitoring system using solar powereSAT Journals
Abstract Now a days technology is advancing especially wireless sensor network have numerous application in remote sensing and
controlling. So by this technology various environmental parameters can be monitored. Idea comes into the mind to monitor the
quality of water because water is one of the important factors for living organism. There are various wireless models such as Wi-
Fi, Bluetooth, Wi-Max. Here Zigbee is used as wireless sensor network for monitoring the quality of water because, of its low
cost, low power consumption and easy to operate. Rapid development in industry and human activities affects the quality of water.
Maintaining the good quality of water is a critical problem. But, by using this new wireless technology the task of monitoring
become simple. In this system various sensors are used for monitoring the parameters for water samples as quality of water
depends upon number of parameters such as pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and many more. The main parameters for this system
are pH and turbidity, for that pH sensor and turbidity sensor are used. This whole system is powered by solar energy.
Keywords: pH Sensor, Turbidity Sensor, Zigbee
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To Graph or Not to Graph Knowledge Graph Architectures and LLMs
Ai35194197
1. Kirankumar G.Sutar et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.194-197
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Wireless Sensor Network System to Monitor The Fish Farm
Kirankumar G.Sutar 1
, Prof.Ramesh T.Patil 2
1
Master of Technology. Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Rajarambapu Institute of Technology,
Islampur, (MS), India
2
Associate Professor,Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Rajarambapu Institute of Technology,
Islampur, (MS), India
Abstract-
In recent years, the interest in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been growing dramatically. To meet this
trend, we have designed Wireless Sensor Network system to monitor the fish farm. We present a practical appli-
cation of wireless network. The application requires two different kinds of modules; the sensor itself and the
wireless module. The sensor collects and transmits the information to a wireless module using wired connection.
Once the information reaches the wireless node, it is forwarded to the central unit through a wireless protocol.
The sensor module includes a temperature sensor and pH sensor. The wireless node collects the sensed data by
means of an asynchronic wired serial polling communication. The use of this kind of protocol allows connecting
a single master with multiple slaves. In our particular case, we have connected one master with two slaves using
a transmission rate of 9600 bits per second. The wireless transmission follows the standard IEEE 802.15.4 and
implements the routing protocol based on the ZigBee standard.
Keywords- pH, Temperature, Wireless Sensor Network, ZigBee.
I. INTRODUCTION
Water quality determines not only how well
fish grow in an aquaculture operation, but whether or
not the survive. Fish influence water quality through
processes like nitrogen metabolism and respiration.
Knowledge of testing procedures and interpretation of
results are important to the fish farmer. Each water
quality factor interacts with influences over parame-
ters, sometimes in complex ways [2].
Regardless the kind of water available or the
species chosen, all fish depend entirely on water to
live, eat, grow and perform other bodily functions.
Therefore is no surprise that the success of a fish farm-
ing establishment lies greatly on its water quality. The
temperature and Ph are some parameters that are con-
sidered to be the most important in aquaculture [3].
This paper shows a practical application; the
monitoring of a fish farm using temperature and pH
sensors. Usually those kinds of tests require a very
specialized and qualified staff, who should measure
periodically the living conditions of the farm with high
accuracy. However, it is not feasible to perform these
measurements manually with enough periodicity to
detect immediate changes or predict possible events.
The implementation of an ambient intelligence Wire-
less Sensor Network makes it possible. The wireless
sensor network consists of two main parts, transmitting
side and receiving side. At the transmitting side, vari-
ous sensors, microcontroller and transceiver will be
used and at the receiving side the transceiver and Per-
sonal Computer will be used to monitor the sensed
parameters [1].
II. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
Recent technological advances led to the de-
velopment of very small sensor devices with computa-
tional, data storage and communicational capabilities.
These devices, which called wireless sensor nodes,
when are deployed in an area form a Wireless Sensor
Network (WSN). WSN can operate in a wide range of
environments and provide advantages in cost, size,
power, flexibility and distributed intelligence, com-
pared to wired ones.
A WSN is a system comprised of radio fre-
quency (RF) transceivers, sensors, microcontrollers
and power sources.
Recent advances in wireless sensor network-
ing technology have led to the development of low
cost, low power, multifunctional sensor nodes. Sensor
nodes enable environment sensing together with data
processing. Instrumented with a variety of sensors,
such as temperature, humidity and volatile compound
detection, allow monitoring of different environments.
They are able to network with other sensor systems and
exchange data with external users [4].
Currently two standard technologies are avail-
able for WSN: ZigBee and Bluetooth. Both operate
within the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM)
band of 2.4 GHz, which provides license free opera-
tions, huge spectrum allocation and worldwide compat-
ibility [9].
Table 1 provides a comparison between
ZigBee and Bluetooth. For applications where higher
data rates are important, Bluetooth clearly has the ad-
vantage since it can support a wider range of traffic
types than ZigBee. However, the power consumption
in a sensor network is of primary importance and
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Kirankumar G.Sutar et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.194-197
www.ijera.com 195 | P a g e
it should be extremely low. Bluetooth is probably the
closest peer to WSNs, but its power consumption has
been of secondary importance in its design. Bluetooth
is therefore not suitable for applications that require
ultra-low power consumption; turning on and off con-
sumes a great deal of energy. In contrast, the ZigBee
protocol places primary importance on power man-
agement; it was developed for low power consumption
and years of battery life. Bluetooth devices have lower
battery life compared to ZigBee, as a result of the pro-
cessing and protocol management overhead which is
required for ad hoc networking. Also, ZigBee provides
higher network flexibility than Bluetooth, allowing
different topologies. ZigBee allows a larger number of
nodes – more than 65,000 Sensors – according to spec-
ification [10].
Table 1: Comparison between Bluetooth and ZigBee.
III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Figure 1: System Block Diagram
The modules included in the system architec-
ture are as follows-
1. Microcontroller
2. ZigBee Network
3. Sensors
1. Microcontroller
The LPC2148 are based on a 16/32 bit
ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real time emulation and em-
bedded trace support, together with 128/512 kilobytes
(KB) of embedded high speed flash memory. A 128 bit
wide memory interface and unique accelerator archi-
tecture enable 32 bit code execution at maximum clock
rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative
16 bit thumb mode reduces code by more than 305
with minimal performance penalty with their compact
64 pin package, low power consumption, various 32 bit
timers,4 channel 10 bit ADC,USB port, PWM channels
and 46 GPIO lines with up to 9 external interrupt pins
[6].
With a wide range of serial communications,
interfaces they are also very well suited for communi-
cation gateways, protocol converters and embedded
soft modems as well as many other general-purpose
applications [7, 8].
2. ZigBee Network
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level
communication protocols using small, low power digi-
tal radios based on an IEEE 802 standard for personal
area network. The technology defined by the ZigBee
specifications is intended to be simpler and less expen-
sive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth [5]. ZigBee
is targeted at radio frequency applications that require a
low data rate, long battery life and secure networking
[9].
3. Sensors
A sensor is a device that measures a physical
quantity and converts it into a signal which can read by
an observer or by an instrument.
A. Temperature Sensor
Temperature sensor used is IC LM35 which is
linear temperature sensor and linear temperature-to-
voltage convertor. The convertor provides accurately
linear and directly proportional output signal in milli-
volts over the temperature range of 00
C to 1Volt at
1000
C and any voltage measurement circuit connected
across the output pins can read the temperature direct-
ly. The LM35 does not require any external calibration.
The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output and
precision inherent calibration makes interfacing to
readout or control circuitry especially easy [10].
B .pH Sensor
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic (alka-
line) a solution is. In any given solution some atoms of
water dissociate to form hydrogen ions (H+
) and hy-
droxyl ions (OH-
). The Ph scale is a means of showing
which ion has greater concentration. At a pH of 7.0, the
concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions are
equal, and the water is said to be neutral. Pure water
has a Ph of 7.0. When the pH is less than 7.0, there are
more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions, and the water
is said to be acidic. When the pH is greater than 7.0,
Bluetooth ZigBee
Standards
Data rate
Latency (time to
establish a new
link)
Frequencies
No. of nodes
Range
Modulation
Network topolo-
gy
Data type
Battery life
Extendibility
IEEE 802.15.1
1 Mb s-1
< 10 s
2.4 GHz
8
8 m (Class II,
III) to 100 m
(Class I)
FHSS 2
Ad hoc piconets
Audio,
graphics, pic-
tures, files
1 week
No
IEEE 802.15.4
20-250 kb s-1
30 ms
2.4 GHz
65,000
1-100 m
DSSS 1
Ad hoc, star,
mesh
Small data
packet
> 1 year
Yes
Transmitting side
Temperature
sensor
pH
Sensor
Micro
Controller
Zigbee
Transceiver
Receiving side
Zigbee
Transceiver
Interfacing
circuit
Personal
Computer
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there are more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions and
the water is said to be basic or alkaline.
pH sensor measure hydrogen ion activity and
produce a voltage. The sensor operates based on the
principle that an electric potential develops when two
liquids of different pH levels come into contact on op-
posite sides of a thin glass membrane. The pH sensors
today are composed of two main parts; a glass elec-
trode known as the measurement electrode and the
reference electrode. The tip of the measurement elec-
trode is a thin glass membrane. The thin glass mem-
brane is able to facilitate ion exchange. As the ions
exchange they create a voltage that is measured by the
measurement electrode. This voltage is converted into
a corresponding pH level. The reference electrode’s
potential is kept constant. This is possible because the
reference electrode’s fill solution is kept at a pH of 7.
The pH sensor is a passive sensor, which
means there is not a need for a voltage or current
source. The sensor is classified as a bipolar sensor be-
cause the electrode’s output can swing above and be-
low the reference point. The sensor produces a voltage
output that is linearly dependent on the pH of the solu-
tion it is placed in.
Figure 2: pH Scale
Figure 3: Measurement Electrode Diagram
Figure 4: pH-Electrode Circuit
The circuit in Figure 4 solves all design chal-
lenges. Amplifier U1 offsets the pH electrode by 512
mV. This is achieved by using National’s LM4140A-
1.0 precision micro-power low-dropout voltage refer-
ence that produces an accurate 1.024V. That voltage is
divided in half to equal 512 mV by the 10 kΩ resistor
divider. The output of amplifier U1, which is set up in
a unity-gain con-figuration, biases the reference elec-
trode of the pH electrode with the same voltage, 512
mV, at low impedance. The pH-measuring electrode
will produce a voltage which rides on top of this 512
mV bias voltage. In effect, the circuit shifts the bipolar
pH-electrode signal to a unipolar signal for use in a
single-supply system.
The second amplifier U2 is set up in a unity-
gain configuration and buffers the output of the pH
electrode. Again, a high-input impedance buffer be-
tween the pH electrode and the measurement instru-
ment allows the circuit to interface with a greater varie-
ty of measurement instruments including those with
lower input impedance. In most applications, the out-
put voltage of the pH electrode is high enough to use
without additional amplification. If amplification is
required, this circuit can easily be modified by adding
gain resistors to U2 [7].
IV. PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION
The prototype wireless sensor network system
is designed and the sensors are fixed in the fish farm.
We have considered the pH range between 5 to 9 and
temperature range between 300
C to450
C. The upper
threshold value is considered. If the threshold value of
any of the parameter changes, the indicator indicates it.
The base station consists of a same Zigbee module
programmed as a coordinator that receives the data sent
from the sensor node wirelessly. Data received from
the sensor node is sent to the computer using the RS
232 protocol and data received is displayed using the
4. Kirankumar G.Sutar et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.194-197
www.ijera.com 197 | P a g e
built GUI on the base monitoring station. The follow-
ing figure 5 shows the built GUI using National In-
struments LabVIEW.
Figure 5: GUI using National Instruments LabVIEW.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, fish farm monitoring system
based on wireless sensor network is presented. The
system is constituted by a base station and sensor
nodes. Data connection between the node and base
station is realized using wireless sensor network tech-
nology. In the node side, water quality data such as pH
and temperature is collected by sensors. The sensed
parameters with their exact precision values are trans-
mitted to the observing station through wireless com-
munication and details are monitored by the adminis-
trator.
When any of the parameter is found to be
above a threshold value an indicator will indicate it.
Finally, the prototype system with a sensor nodes
and base station is designed and implemented. Real-
time water quality data can be seen from a GUI win-
dow in Personal Computer. The system has advantages
such as low power consumption, more flexible to de-
ploy and so on.
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Kirankumar G.Sutar
He is a Master’s candidate in Business
Studies. He holds B.E. in Electronics en-
gineering from Shivaji Universi-
ty,Kolhapur,.He is interested in the appli-
cations of wireless sensor network for the environmen-
tal monitoring .He is currently working toward the
M.Tech degree in Electronics from the Department of
Electronics and Telecommunication,RIT,Islampur
(MS).
Prof.Ramesh T.Patil
He has 16 Years of experience in the
field of Academic and is actively involved
in research and development activities. He
obtained his Masters degree (Electronics)
from Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Presently he is
working as an Associate Professor at RIT, Islampur
(MS).He has published number of papers in national
journals, conferences and seminars. He is Secretary,
IETE, Kolhapur Region. His area of specialization is
VLSI, Embedded Systems, Microprocessor and Micro-
controller.