This presentation was delivered by CIFOR Director General Peter Holmgren to the Indonesian Heritage Society in February 2016.
The topics discussed include the history, causes, and eventual solutions to Indonesia's fire hotspots.
Increasing the storage of carbon in the soil has been a controversial strategy for addressing climate change mitigation. What is the potential and why is there debate about this? How can we push beyond the debate to constructive action?
Lini Wollenberg, a Gund Fellow, is an anthropologist and natural resource management specialist concerned with rural livelihoods and the environment. She currently leads a research program on Low Emissions Agricultural Development for the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), based at the University of Vermont. Her work seeks to identify options for reducing the impacts of agricultural development and land use on the climate, while also improving livelihoods for the poor in developing countries.
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS, on September 11, 2020 as part of the GundxChange Series.
The webinar explained ongoing and expected impacts of climate change on agriculture and the need to adapt for agriculture to adapt to weather extremes and slow-onset climatic changes. The presenter outlined the concept of climate-smart agriculture and links between adaptation to food security and mitigation using case studies.
Henry Neufeldt (presenter) is Head of the Climate Change Unit at the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in Nairobi, Kenya. He holds degrees in environmental sciences and soil science from Bayreuth University (Germany) and has worked for many years in natural resource management, soil and water salinization, agricultural development and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Building with Nature Indonesia Securing Eroding Deltas and CoastlinesCIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes efforts in Demak, North Coast of Java to address coastal erosion through nature-based solutions. Permeable structures were built to mimic mangrove roots and reduce wave energy, allowing sediment deposition and natural mangrove regeneration. Associated mangrove aquaculture was also implemented, where mangroves provide benefits to shrimp/milkfish ponds. This integrated approach improved livelihoods, protected communities, and restored the coastline over multiple years. Monitoring showed the solutions successfully stopped erosion and raised awareness of rehabilitation techniques.
Mangroves Management in Thailand: Presentation for jica workshop nov. 4 10, 2...Ratkawee Boonmake
Mangroves in Thailand have decreased significantly due to human activities but recent community-based conservation efforts have helped increase mangrove areas. The Pred Nai community case study shows how community participation in management can be effective. Through restoration activities and forming a conservation group since the 1980s, the community has protected their mangroves and improved livelihoods. Key lessons include the importance of social inclusion, participatory monitoring of resources like crab populations, and building networks between communities. Continued challenges involve further increasing marginalized groups' access and engaging new generations in long-term conservation.
Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim di Kawasan Pesisir dan NDCCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Dra. Sri Tantri Arundhati, M.Sc, Direktur Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim, KLHK at Webinar - Coastal Zone Rehabilitation for Low Carbon Development on 31 March 2022.
Upaya Mitigasi dan Perubahan Iklim dengan Pemanfaatan Mangrove (Climate Chang...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Fegi Nurhabni, S.T., M.T., M.Sc. – Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) in sub-national workshop on Increasing Capacity of Local Community and Sub-National Government on Mangrove Restoration and Food Security on 12 July 2022
Credits of the presentation are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This presentation was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
Increasing the storage of carbon in the soil has been a controversial strategy for addressing climate change mitigation. What is the potential and why is there debate about this? How can we push beyond the debate to constructive action?
Lini Wollenberg, a Gund Fellow, is an anthropologist and natural resource management specialist concerned with rural livelihoods and the environment. She currently leads a research program on Low Emissions Agricultural Development for the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), based at the University of Vermont. Her work seeks to identify options for reducing the impacts of agricultural development and land use on the climate, while also improving livelihoods for the poor in developing countries.
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS, on September 11, 2020 as part of the GundxChange Series.
The webinar explained ongoing and expected impacts of climate change on agriculture and the need to adapt for agriculture to adapt to weather extremes and slow-onset climatic changes. The presenter outlined the concept of climate-smart agriculture and links between adaptation to food security and mitigation using case studies.
Henry Neufeldt (presenter) is Head of the Climate Change Unit at the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in Nairobi, Kenya. He holds degrees in environmental sciences and soil science from Bayreuth University (Germany) and has worked for many years in natural resource management, soil and water salinization, agricultural development and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Building with Nature Indonesia Securing Eroding Deltas and CoastlinesCIFOR-ICRAF
This document summarizes efforts in Demak, North Coast of Java to address coastal erosion through nature-based solutions. Permeable structures were built to mimic mangrove roots and reduce wave energy, allowing sediment deposition and natural mangrove regeneration. Associated mangrove aquaculture was also implemented, where mangroves provide benefits to shrimp/milkfish ponds. This integrated approach improved livelihoods, protected communities, and restored the coastline over multiple years. Monitoring showed the solutions successfully stopped erosion and raised awareness of rehabilitation techniques.
Mangroves Management in Thailand: Presentation for jica workshop nov. 4 10, 2...Ratkawee Boonmake
Mangroves in Thailand have decreased significantly due to human activities but recent community-based conservation efforts have helped increase mangrove areas. The Pred Nai community case study shows how community participation in management can be effective. Through restoration activities and forming a conservation group since the 1980s, the community has protected their mangroves and improved livelihoods. Key lessons include the importance of social inclusion, participatory monitoring of resources like crab populations, and building networks between communities. Continued challenges involve further increasing marginalized groups' access and engaging new generations in long-term conservation.
Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim di Kawasan Pesisir dan NDCCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Dra. Sri Tantri Arundhati, M.Sc, Direktur Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim, KLHK at Webinar - Coastal Zone Rehabilitation for Low Carbon Development on 31 March 2022.
Upaya Mitigasi dan Perubahan Iklim dengan Pemanfaatan Mangrove (Climate Chang...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Fegi Nurhabni, S.T., M.T., M.Sc. – Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) in sub-national workshop on Increasing Capacity of Local Community and Sub-National Government on Mangrove Restoration and Food Security on 12 July 2022
Credits of the presentation are to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
This presentation was included in the event kit of Green Bloggers Forum, held 7 June 2016 at the Cocoon Boutique Hotel, QC, Philippines. The DENR authorized all bloggers and participants to promote the information and materials during the event.
Green growth and sustainability become very hot issues in the upcoming "Paris Agreement implementation" era.
Every stakeholders, particularly the industry sector, need to integrate the sustainability and green growth concepts in their way of implementation. Not only for the emission reduction, but these concepts will guarantee that their works will give positive impacts to the surrounding environment.
Global Forest Watch (GFW) provides global maps of carbon dioxide emitted and captured by forests, letting users visualize and quantify historical emissions and sequestration (removals) in areas such as countries, provinces, corporate land holdings and protected areas. GFW also continues to improve the forest carbon flux monitoring framework.
GFW’s expert-led office hours on September 18 provided an overview of the carbon data and information on how to access and analyze it using GFW’s platform and tools.
During office hours, users had the opportunity to ask questions, work through problems and share lessons learned.
Ecosystem services and natural capital – the foundation of a green economy Marianne Kettunen
This document discusses how ecosystem services and natural capital are integral to establishing a green economy. It defines ecosystem services as the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, such as food, water, and recreation. Natural capital refers to the stock of natural resources and ecosystems that provide a flow of ecosystem services. A green economy aims to improve human well-being while reducing environmental risks. The document argues that a green economy must value and protect natural capital and the ecosystem services it provides. It provides several examples of the economic value of ecosystem services in order to illustrate how fully integrating them into policymaking can help build a truly green economy.
Best Practices on Indonesia’s Peatland Management: Lesson Learnt, Opportuniti...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Dr.Alue Dohong, Deputy Chief of Peatland Restoration Agency Republic of Indonesia, at the International Tropical Peatland Center (ITPC) soft launch, on 30 October 2018, in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Climate change policy from the oceans aspectCIFOR-ICRAF
Dokumen tersebut membahas kebijakan perubahan iklim sektor kelautan Indonesia. Secara garis besar mencakup empat poin utama yaitu (1) adaptasi sektor kelautan, (2) mitigasi sektor kelautan, (3) tantangan dan upaya yang telah dilakukan, serta (4) mandat Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam isu perubahan iklim sektor kelautan.
Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mangroves at Katunggan it IbajayASU-CHARRM
The Katunggan it Ibajay (KII) Eco Park is home to one of the most diverse mangrove forests in the Philippines. It is a 44.22 hectares protected park in the town of Ibajay in Aklan which boasts a total of 28 true species of mangroves or 80 percent out of the total 35 Philippine mangrove species. The forest is also a home to some species of birds and other wildlife like mud lobsters, fiddler crabs, mudskippers and other fauna. Recent studies have been conducted in the area which includes the identification of mollusk species, behaviours and activities of fiddler crabs. However, there is a lack of information on studies regarding Carbon storage and sequestration potential of mangrove species in KII.
Therefore, considering the vital role of mangrove species there is a need to conduct this study to provide a wide array of information about the total C-stock and sequestration potential of selected mangrove species in KII. Likewise, it will help local folks, LGU-officials and future researchers to increase their awareness to protect and preserve KII Eco-Park; to help reduce increasing negative impact of global warming in the environment.
Assessing mangrove rehabilitation priority in IndonesiaCIFOR-ICRAF
The document discusses assessing priorities for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia. It summarizes previous research on mangrove loss, ecosystem services, and rehabilitation efforts. The document also analyzes factors to consider for rehabilitation potential like historical loss areas, current land cover, and land status. Key messages are that mangrove recovery is possible through rehabilitation but past efforts have had gaps, and rehabilitation areas must be carefully assessed based on multiple local biophysical and socioeconomic factors to improve success.
Dokumen tersebut membahas rencana penerapan mekanisme penyelenggaraan nilai ekonomi karbon pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) di Indonesia, termasuk penetapan batas atas emisi gas rumah kaca, mekanisme perdagangan karbon, dan skema pelaporan emisi.
Blue Carbon Dialogue: Bridging Science and Policy for Effective Implementatio...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Harkristuto Harkrisnowo, Vice President, Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI) at "Blue Carbon Dialogue: From science-based policy to implementation" in Bogor, 20 February 2024.
Protection and management of peatland ecosystem in Indonesia: MoEF policies, ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Sri Parwati Murwani Budisusanti, M.Sc, Director of peatland ecosystem degradation control, Directorate General of Pollution and Environmental Damage Control, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, at International Symposium on Restoration of degraded peatlands: connecting science with policy and practice, on 13 June 2022
Presented by Arild Angelsen (Professor, School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway & Senior Associate, CIFOR , Bogor, Indonesia) at SBSTA 50, 25 Jun 2019, World Conference Center, Bonn, Germany.
1) Ethiopia has successfully restored over 12 million hectares of degraded land between 2010-2015 through large-scale restoration programs and community participation.
2) Key factors contributing to Ethiopia's success include supportive policies and strategies, awareness creation and training at the local level, effective public mobilization and organization, and formulating and scaling up of best practices.
3) Impacts of restoration efforts include increased farming land and incomes, job creation, improved biodiversity, water access, and reduced flood risks. Ongoing initiatives aim to restore an additional 15 million hectares by 2030.
Laporan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian geologi dan geofisika di perairan Sebatik, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menghasilkan peta batimetri, sebaran sedimen dasar laut, dan struktur geologi berupa lipatan di dasar laut yang dipengaruhi oleh formasi di darat. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat mendukung perencanaan pembangunan di kawasan pesisir tersebut."
Ecosystem-based approaches to mitigation and adaptation at landscape and seas...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Trevor Sandwith, The Nature Conservancy
Landscape approaches to mitigation and adaptation, Forest Day 3
Sunday, 13 December 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark
Linkage in Haze: challenges and take-home messages of crowd-sourcing vaguenes...Alessandro Adamou
With the transition of the Web of today from an information repository to a suite of services, the demand for machine-readable data to support the latter is now greater than ever. The social and, more generally, community element is proving to be a valuable medium to convey such a bulk of knowledge. Linked Data is a leading body of standards for publishing and using open knowledge bases on the Web, however, it very much relies upon the notion of identity. Every object of the world being described should be uniquely identified in order to be effectively manipulated. Music is a specially provocative domain of interest for such Web knowledge bases, being a topic where most people feel confident they can contribute to, yet with varying degrees of factual knowledge, personal inclination or scholarly rigour. Curating a dataset that covers an aspect new to this landscape, as is the evidence of listening experiences, means dealing with partial, inexplicit or underspecified information. A likely implication is that several elements of a listening experience, such as the listeners, the time in history or the music being heard, can be described to an extent but not identified, thus in stark contrast with a founding principle of Linked Data. This talk will illustrate the nature of the main elements of fuzzy knowledge that emerged from the contributions to the Listening Experience Database, elaborate on the countermeasures adopted and lessons learnt from the life-cycle of LED data, and assess the state of maturity of Linked Data technologies for accommodating such use-cases.
Past forest and land fires in SEA: What did we learn?CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by CIFOR scientist Daniel Murdiyarso talks about the haze problem in South East Asia (SEA). He focuses on the El-Nino Southern Oscillation, if the fires are a problem, the history of fires in SEA, what different impacts the fires can have and how fires and haze should be addressed.
Green growth and sustainability become very hot issues in the upcoming "Paris Agreement implementation" era.
Every stakeholders, particularly the industry sector, need to integrate the sustainability and green growth concepts in their way of implementation. Not only for the emission reduction, but these concepts will guarantee that their works will give positive impacts to the surrounding environment.
Global Forest Watch (GFW) provides global maps of carbon dioxide emitted and captured by forests, letting users visualize and quantify historical emissions and sequestration (removals) in areas such as countries, provinces, corporate land holdings and protected areas. GFW also continues to improve the forest carbon flux monitoring framework.
GFW’s expert-led office hours on September 18 provided an overview of the carbon data and information on how to access and analyze it using GFW’s platform and tools.
During office hours, users had the opportunity to ask questions, work through problems and share lessons learned.
Ecosystem services and natural capital – the foundation of a green economy Marianne Kettunen
This document discusses how ecosystem services and natural capital are integral to establishing a green economy. It defines ecosystem services as the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, such as food, water, and recreation. Natural capital refers to the stock of natural resources and ecosystems that provide a flow of ecosystem services. A green economy aims to improve human well-being while reducing environmental risks. The document argues that a green economy must value and protect natural capital and the ecosystem services it provides. It provides several examples of the economic value of ecosystem services in order to illustrate how fully integrating them into policymaking can help build a truly green economy.
Best Practices on Indonesia’s Peatland Management: Lesson Learnt, Opportuniti...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Dr.Alue Dohong, Deputy Chief of Peatland Restoration Agency Republic of Indonesia, at the International Tropical Peatland Center (ITPC) soft launch, on 30 October 2018, in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Climate change policy from the oceans aspectCIFOR-ICRAF
Dokumen tersebut membahas kebijakan perubahan iklim sektor kelautan Indonesia. Secara garis besar mencakup empat poin utama yaitu (1) adaptasi sektor kelautan, (2) mitigasi sektor kelautan, (3) tantangan dan upaya yang telah dilakukan, serta (4) mandat Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam isu perubahan iklim sektor kelautan.
Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mangroves at Katunggan it IbajayASU-CHARRM
The Katunggan it Ibajay (KII) Eco Park is home to one of the most diverse mangrove forests in the Philippines. It is a 44.22 hectares protected park in the town of Ibajay in Aklan which boasts a total of 28 true species of mangroves or 80 percent out of the total 35 Philippine mangrove species. The forest is also a home to some species of birds and other wildlife like mud lobsters, fiddler crabs, mudskippers and other fauna. Recent studies have been conducted in the area which includes the identification of mollusk species, behaviours and activities of fiddler crabs. However, there is a lack of information on studies regarding Carbon storage and sequestration potential of mangrove species in KII.
Therefore, considering the vital role of mangrove species there is a need to conduct this study to provide a wide array of information about the total C-stock and sequestration potential of selected mangrove species in KII. Likewise, it will help local folks, LGU-officials and future researchers to increase their awareness to protect and preserve KII Eco-Park; to help reduce increasing negative impact of global warming in the environment.
Assessing mangrove rehabilitation priority in IndonesiaCIFOR-ICRAF
The document discusses assessing priorities for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia. It summarizes previous research on mangrove loss, ecosystem services, and rehabilitation efforts. The document also analyzes factors to consider for rehabilitation potential like historical loss areas, current land cover, and land status. Key messages are that mangrove recovery is possible through rehabilitation but past efforts have had gaps, and rehabilitation areas must be carefully assessed based on multiple local biophysical and socioeconomic factors to improve success.
Dokumen tersebut membahas rencana penerapan mekanisme penyelenggaraan nilai ekonomi karbon pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) di Indonesia, termasuk penetapan batas atas emisi gas rumah kaca, mekanisme perdagangan karbon, dan skema pelaporan emisi.
Blue Carbon Dialogue: Bridging Science and Policy for Effective Implementatio...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Harkristuto Harkrisnowo, Vice President, Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI) at "Blue Carbon Dialogue: From science-based policy to implementation" in Bogor, 20 February 2024.
Protection and management of peatland ecosystem in Indonesia: MoEF policies, ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Sri Parwati Murwani Budisusanti, M.Sc, Director of peatland ecosystem degradation control, Directorate General of Pollution and Environmental Damage Control, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, at International Symposium on Restoration of degraded peatlands: connecting science with policy and practice, on 13 June 2022
Presented by Arild Angelsen (Professor, School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway & Senior Associate, CIFOR , Bogor, Indonesia) at SBSTA 50, 25 Jun 2019, World Conference Center, Bonn, Germany.
1) Ethiopia has successfully restored over 12 million hectares of degraded land between 2010-2015 through large-scale restoration programs and community participation.
2) Key factors contributing to Ethiopia's success include supportive policies and strategies, awareness creation and training at the local level, effective public mobilization and organization, and formulating and scaling up of best practices.
3) Impacts of restoration efforts include increased farming land and incomes, job creation, improved biodiversity, water access, and reduced flood risks. Ongoing initiatives aim to restore an additional 15 million hectares by 2030.
Laporan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian geologi dan geofisika di perairan Sebatik, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menghasilkan peta batimetri, sebaran sedimen dasar laut, dan struktur geologi berupa lipatan di dasar laut yang dipengaruhi oleh formasi di darat. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat mendukung perencanaan pembangunan di kawasan pesisir tersebut."
Ecosystem-based approaches to mitigation and adaptation at landscape and seas...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Trevor Sandwith, The Nature Conservancy
Landscape approaches to mitigation and adaptation, Forest Day 3
Sunday, 13 December 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark
Linkage in Haze: challenges and take-home messages of crowd-sourcing vaguenes...Alessandro Adamou
With the transition of the Web of today from an information repository to a suite of services, the demand for machine-readable data to support the latter is now greater than ever. The social and, more generally, community element is proving to be a valuable medium to convey such a bulk of knowledge. Linked Data is a leading body of standards for publishing and using open knowledge bases on the Web, however, it very much relies upon the notion of identity. Every object of the world being described should be uniquely identified in order to be effectively manipulated. Music is a specially provocative domain of interest for such Web knowledge bases, being a topic where most people feel confident they can contribute to, yet with varying degrees of factual knowledge, personal inclination or scholarly rigour. Curating a dataset that covers an aspect new to this landscape, as is the evidence of listening experiences, means dealing with partial, inexplicit or underspecified information. A likely implication is that several elements of a listening experience, such as the listeners, the time in history or the music being heard, can be described to an extent but not identified, thus in stark contrast with a founding principle of Linked Data. This talk will illustrate the nature of the main elements of fuzzy knowledge that emerged from the contributions to the Listening Experience Database, elaborate on the countermeasures adopted and lessons learnt from the life-cycle of LED data, and assess the state of maturity of Linked Data technologies for accommodating such use-cases.
Past forest and land fires in SEA: What did we learn?CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by CIFOR scientist Daniel Murdiyarso talks about the haze problem in South East Asia (SEA). He focuses on the El-Nino Southern Oscillation, if the fires are a problem, the history of fires in SEA, what different impacts the fires can have and how fires and haze should be addressed.
Sloping Land Conversion Program: Insights of policy outcomes from Yunnan Prov...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by He Jun provides information based on the socioeconomic assessment of sloping land conversion program in Yunnan province. The findings shows that strong local institution improves the success of the program, and local context should be considered for a better result.
This presentation informs about the factors which are important when considering future haze research, like how emissions take place, goals of the research, the gaps left by previous research, the socioeconomic drivers and governance arrangements. It was presented at a multi-stakeholder workshop held in Jakarta on 29 January, 2014 to discuss areas of research into the haze crisis
This presentation by CIFOR scientist Herry Purnomo held at The Jakarta Foreign Correspondents Club during a panel discussion on the Indonesian fires and haze focuses on the stakeholders involved in the haze issue, socio-economic drivers leading to it, policy and governance and the way forward with the landscape approach in connection to haze.
This internship project aimed to determine the optimal amount of Lucilite (silica hydrogel) needed to reduce haze in green beer for two brands (NLS and ESB) produced by Nile Breweries in Mbarara, Uganda. Through testing different Lucilite addition rates, the student found that 105g/hl gave the lowest haze for NLS beer and 100g/hl gave the lowest haze for ESB beer. Both of these rates were higher than what was currently being used. The student recommended adopting these new, optimized Lucilite addition rates to improve clarity in the final beer products.
Haze is caused by tiny particulates in the atmosphere that scatter and absorb sunlight, reducing visibility. It can originate from natural sources like forests and oceans, but the majority comes from human activities such as burning waste, vehicle emissions, and industrial processes. Breathing in haze particles can irritate the eyes, nose and throat and negatively impact pre-existing heart and lung conditions. The PSI scale is used to indicate air quality levels from good to hazardous based on particulate concentrations. When haze levels are high, people should minimize outdoor activities and exertion, stay hydrated, and wear protective masks. Reducing open burning, maintaining vehicles, using cleaner fuels, and sustainable land management practices can help limit haze.
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, and land pollution. It provides details on the biggest contributors to pollution in India such as sewage waste, agricultural fertilizers, and combustion of fossil fuels. The document also examines the effects of air pollution on health and the environment. Furthermore, it analyzes data on vehicular pollutants in various Indian cities and suggests ways to reduce vehicular pollution like using public transport and planting more trees.
This presentation by Petrus Gunarso, the Sustainability Director of April, focuses on how April was dealing with the Haze issue in Indonesia, what the causes of the fires were how they detected them and what kind of strategy and collaboration April had.
The document discusses the Sumatran tiger, providing key facts about its location in Sumatra, its diet consisting of deer, wild boar and other medium-sized mammals, and that it is endangered due to habitat loss and poaching for the illegal wildlife trade.
The Business Case for Reduced Deforestation: Palm Oil in Indonesia, Looking T...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by UNEP FI was given at a session titled "The Business Case for Reduced Deforestation: Palm Oil in Indonesia, Looking Through a Palm Oil Grower's Eyes" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Palm oil expansion is a major driver of deforestation in Indonesia. SNV is implementing an approach in Sumatra, Indonesia called the Berbak Green Prosperity Partnership to establish deforestation-free palm oil supply chains by engaging with supply chain actors, enhancing smallholder livelihoods, and mitigating deforestation. Key activities include analyzing the landscape for sustainable palm oil sourcing, training smallholders in better management practices, developing cooperatives, facilitating access to finance, and using a traceability and forest monitoring system combining geospatial data and drone imagery to trace palm oil to farms and detect deforestation.
Plan of action for an escaped sumatran tigerKatie Morton
The plan outlines 7 steps to respond to an escaped Sumatran tiger: 1) Sound the alarm and assess any injuries, 2) Cordon off the area and secure remaining tigers, 3) Evacuate public to safety, 4) Have a vet with tranquilizer gun locate the tiger, 5) Reach the sedated tiger with backup drugs and firearms, 6) Move the unconscious tiger safely back to its enclosure, 7) Optionally reverse the anesthesia once the tiger is secured.
Study Case: Hutan Hujan Prestashop Theme Dapur Pixel
Indonesia has large tropical rainforests that provide oxygen and habitat for many species, but deforestation is causing damage. To help protect remaining forests, an e-commerce studio created an online store theme dedicated to rainforests and will donate purchases to environmental non-profits, including donating 20% annually from theme sales.
The document provides an overview of sustainable palm oil and issues related to its production. It discusses what sustainable palm oil is and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) which establishes standards for sustainable palm oil production. It notes that some criticize RSPO certification as not doing enough to protect rainforests and accuse companies of "greenwashing". Alternatives views see backlash against palm oil as misguided. The document suggests ways to learn more about efforts to protect and restore threatened rainforests.
Ghg assessment from forest fires - indonesia case studyFarhan Helmy
This document provides a preliminary assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from forest fires in Indonesia, with a focus on peatland fires. It finds that forest and land fires in Indonesia are primarily human-caused and occur mostly during the dry season, emitting significant greenhouse gases. Specifically, the 2013 fires in Sumatra burned over 100,000 hectares and emitted an estimated 183 million tons of CO2 in Sumatra and 54.9 million tons in Kalimantan. The document calls for improved methods to map burned areas, characterize carbon stocks and combustion factors, in order to more accurately calculate emissions from peatland fires and support Indonesia's climate change mitigation efforts.
Fires, haze and landscape (CIFOR workshop)Franky Zamzani
1) Forest fires have occurred regularly in Indonesia since the 1980s, peaking in 1997-1998 with over 11 million hectares burned. 2) The fires are mainly caused by land clearing practices and occur most during El Nino dry seasons from June to September. 3) Efforts to control fires include prevention through community programs, early warning and monitoring of hotspots, fire suppression by the Manggala Agni fire brigades, and developing a fire danger rating system.
Political Economy Study of Fire and Haze in IndonesiaCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation, delivered by Herry Purnomo and Bayuni Shantiko, explains research undertaken to inform decision makers about the on-the-ground dynamics that result in large fires in Indonesia. The research findings highlight the complexity of the situation, with multiple actors, land types and drivers influencing outcomes. It was delivered at a Jakarta Foreign Correspondent Club panel discussion on fire and haze on 23 September 2015
One would be able to understand the following points from this Presentation -
- Basic Understanding of Climate and Climate Change
- Cause - Effects & its Remedies
- Impact of Climate Chnage on Various Businesses
- Actionable Remedies
- Water Conservation
Plus point - Some examples Also being shared.
- Indonesia faces challenges from unsustainable energy development including high dependency on fossil fuels and exploitation of natural resources. This has contributed significantly to air pollution.
- Transitioning to cleaner energy sources is complex, as demonstrated by past attempts with varying degrees of success using different fuels in different time periods and sectors. Large-scale transition is unpredictable.
- The research aims to develop an emissions inventory, identify transition enablers and barriers through interviews, and determine health and environmental impacts of scenarios through energy modeling to inform Indonesia's optimal long-term energy path.
Nearly 85 percent* of wildland fires in the United States are caused by humans. Human-caused fires result from campfires left unattended, the burning of debris, equipment use and malfunctions, negligently discarded cigarettes, and intentional acts of arson.
Curbing bush burning - A quick win to resilient and sustainable sesame produc...Dr. Joshua Zake
This key note address was prepared and presented to initiate discussions during a two (2) day Multi stakeholder platform (MSP) that took place from the 17th to 18th of December 2019 at Golden Peace Hotel in Gulu town. It was organized by SNV-Uganda as one of the outputs under the CRAFT project.
The project implementation is led by SNV in partnership with Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environment and Research (WEnR), CGIAR’s Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), AgriTerra and Rabo partnerships. The Climate resilient Agribusiness for tomorrow (CRAFT) project is a 5-year project that operates in in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Further information about the project is vailable at: https://snv.org/project/climate-resilient-agribusiness-tomorrow-craft
The objectives of the meeting were:
a. Understand the reason behind persistent bush burning and occasional shifting cultivation as a method of land clearing in Sesame production
b. Reflection on bush burning as a practice; and its effects on the biophysical and chemical environment.
c. Discuss possible remedial actions to curb the vice and agree on actionable points to prevent the use of bush burning as a method of land clearing.
d. Institute a working committee to take lead in implementing; and overseeing the implementation of strategy against the practice
Carbon stock assessment of the undisturbed forest in the heavily mined Island...Open Access Research Paper
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Burning issues: Global and local effects of indonesian haze
1. Peter Holmgren, Director General, CIFOR
16 February, 2016
BURNING ISSUES: GLOBAL AND LOCAL
EFFECTS OF INDONESIAN HAZE
2. OUTLINE
• Fires: Past & Present
• Indonesian fires: Hotspots & Media
• Causes
• Facts and Effects
• Toward solutions
3. CIFOR WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1993
- AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION WITH A GLOBAL REACH
CIFOR envisions a more equitable world
where forestry and landscapes
enhance the environment and
well-being for all
4.
5. HUMAN RESOURCES
240 staff representing dozens of countries
Network of Associates, 77 MOUs with partner orgs
13. FIRE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
PREVENTION IS MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE THAN SUPPRESSION
• Appropriate use and management of fire will promote
sustainable livelihoods
• Human health and security will be improved by minimizing the
adverse effects of fire
• The traditional uses of fire should remain as a practice for those
communities and be adapted to the current environment
• The destructive impacts of unplanned fires on lives, property and
resources should be minimized, if not totally prevented
• The interactions of climate change with vegetation cover and fire
regimes should be understood and appropriately considered
• Fire should be managed to ensure properly functioning and
sustainable ecosystems
• All fire management activities should be based on a legal
framework and supported by clear policy and procedures
• Multistakeholder approach, International cooperation,
Knowledge transfer
Source: FAO 2006. www.fao.org/forestry
17. WHAT ARE HOTSPOTS?
• Indications of fires from satellites
• Typically 1x1 km resolution
• Typically daily
• High probability but no certainty of
detecting fires
• Can not be used to estimate area
or intensity of fires
• Lower accuracy for less hot fires
(such as peat fires)
3 Oct 2015
19. WHY THE EMPHASIS ON INDONESIAN FIRES?
• Long-standing conflict in Indonesia between land development and
nature protection
– Conservation agenda vs. Development agenda
– Conflicts over land tenure and rights
• Climate change negotiations
– REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest
Degradation)
– Timing of the Paris conference in December 2015
• Peat fires make more smoke
– Singapore is located downwind
– More media attention
20. SIMPLIFIED STORIES OF HOTSPOTS AND CONCESSIONS
• Some reporting based only on
– Hotspots from satellites
– Plantation concession maps from Jakarta
• Simplified analyses
– Assumption that concession owners / corporations are the main culprits
and that plantations in general are bad
– Fuels a Northern environmentalism agenda
• Examples of headlines
– “613 hotspots found in pulpwood concessions within three weeks”
(EEPN 2012)
– “Palm oil companies must come clean on Indonesian fire hotspots”
(Greenpeace 2013)
– In a week Riau hotspots notches 1605 as 474 found in pulp
concessions (Eyes on the forest 2014)
– Illegal fires put 'sustainable' palm oil in the hot spot (EIA 2013)
22. HOTSPOTS IN CONCESSIONS? NOT THAT SIMPLE.
Fires: by whom
and where
Inside concessions Outside
concessions
By “corporations” 25%
By “communities” 23%
Illegal at
federal/
national
level
Source: Gaveau et al. (draft) Who is responsible for Indonesia’s fires in
concessions? Satellites can mislead: Policy makers beware.
33% of
Concession
used by
commu-
nities
52%
One in-depth study of fire proponents, draft findings
=100% of
361,000 ha
burnt area
studied
23. SO HOW DID MEDIA REPORT?
• Add picture of kalimantan here (irresistible news)
24. NORTHERN HEADLINES WERE OFTEN ABOUT
CO2 EMISSIONS AND HABITATS
• How Indonesia's Fires Made it the Biggest Climate Polluter (Bloomberg 29
Oct)
• Southeast Asia's haze crisis: A 'crime against humanity’ (CNN 29 Oct)
• How to Save Indonesia’s Forests (NYT 23 Oct)
• Indonesian forest fires on track to emit more CO2 than UK (The Guardian 7
Oct)
• South East Asia haze: Orangutans at risk in Indonesia fires (BBC 19 Oct)
• Indonesia- Massive Fires and Carbon Emissions (Canada Free Press (19
Jan)
• Haze threatens Singapore Formula 1 race (BBC 16 Sep)
• With Latest Fires Crisis, Indonesia Surpasses Russia as World’s Fourth-
Largest Emitter (WRI 29 Oct)
• Indonesia’s Fire Outbreaks Producing More Daily Emissions than Entire
US Economy (WRI 16 Oct)
26. THE HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS
• Indonesia haze fueling major health problems (CNN 28 Oct)
• Scientists warn of health damage from Indonesia’s haze fires (Reuters 12 Nov)
• South East Asia haze: Deadly cost of Indonesia’s burning land
• Life under Indonesia’s choking haze (Al Jazeera 9 Dec)
• Don’t inhale: Scientists look at what the Indonesian haze is made of (CIFOR 21
Oct)
But what is the media interest today?
Searches on “haze”
nothing in Jakarta Post, since late October 2015
The Straits Times, one article about air travel refunding January 2016
30. ROOT CAUSES OF FIRE
1. The fires are man-made
– They are agriculture fires!
– Representing agriculture investments
– and local development aspirations
2. Mismatch between sector policies
3. Tenure and illegal land market
– Unclear land tenure and in-secure
concession areas
– Illegal land transactions
– Conflicts: Community vs. state vs.
corporate
4. Bad practices of agricultural and
plantation development
– Corporate/contractors/workers
– Communities
5. Land politics
• Patronage network between business
and government
• Land politics for local elections
31. Village head & officers
$88 (13%)
Land claimant
$29 (4%)
Tree cutting $77(12%)
Slashing $96 (14%)
Marketing team $38
(6%)
Total Benefit
Slash & cut
$665/ha
Organizer $338 (51%)
Insecure tenure: Illegal land market
Source: Purnomo et al. Fire Economy and
Network in Riau: An analytical approach
32. Village head & officers $88
(10%)
Land claimant,
$38 (4%)
Tree cutting $77 (9%)
Slashing $96 (11%)
Marketing team,
$54 (6%)
Total Benefit
$856/ha
Organizer $486 (57%)
Burning $15 (2%)
Farmer cheap/free land $2 (0.2%)
Fire provides
benefits to some
people
Source: Purnomo et al. Fire Economy and
Network in Riau: An analytical approach
33. Village head & officers
$88 (3%)
Land claimant,
$38 (1%)
Tree cutting
$77 (3%)
Slashing
$96 (3%)
Marketing team,
$54 (2%)
Total Benefit
$3,077/ha
Organizer
$1567 (51%)
Burning
$15 (1%)
Cheap/free land $2
(0.1%)
Oil Palm development
$992 (32%)
Oil palm growing wage
$147 (5%)
Three-year oil
palm
Source: Purnomo et al. Fire Economy and
Network in Riau: An analytical approach
34. PATRONAGE NETWORKS
Social network analysis: Local elites/cukong who organize
farmers are the most influential actors in land transactions.
Connected to Corporate actors.
36. FIRE AND HAZE 2015
2.6 million ha of land burnt and
$15-30 billions of economic
losses
43 million people exposed to
haze
½ million victims of acute
respiratory infections
19 people reported dead
25,000 fire and security
personnel deployed to
suppress fires
38. TOXICITY
• CIFOR Scientists in Central
Kalimatan in October 2015
measuring toxicity
• Indonesia’s Meteorological Bureau
(BMKG) recorded record air
pollution levels of 2000 micrograms
per cubic meter (less than 30 is
healthy air)
• 200 micrograms per cubic meter in
Singapore for three days
39. TOXIC SMOKE FROM PEAT FIRES
The 2015 peat fires produced high concentrations of toxic carbon monoxide. Normal
concentrations are 100 parts per billion (ppbv), MOPPIT satellite measured in October
2015, CO concentrations >1,300 ppbv
Stevens and Allen NASA
CO poisoning include:
- Heart failure
- birth defects
Photo by Aulia Erlangga/ CIFOR
40. TOXIC SMOKE FROM PEAT FIRES
The 2015 peat fires produced unprecedented concentrations of Particulate Matter
(soot) in the air. Normal concentrations are 30µg m-3. BMKG measured concentrations
>500µg m-3 for two months, and peaks >2000µg m-3 for several weeks
Health effects include:
- lung cancer
- cardiovascular disease
- asthma
- birth defects.
Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika
41. Area Peat (ha) Non-peat (ha) Total %
Sumatra 267,974 565,025 832,999 40%
Kalimantan 319,386 487,431 806,817 39%
Papua 31,214 321,977 353,191 17%
Sulawesi 30,912 30,912 1%
Bali and Nusra 30,162 30,162 1%
Jawa 18,768 18,768 1%
Maluku 17,063 17,063 1%
618,574 1,471,338 2,089,912 100%
30% 70%
Hot spots, Oct 2015
(NASA 2015)
LAPAN, November 2nd 2015
Note that total area of Sumatra + Kalimantan
is 102 Mha, so about 2% were burnt in 2015.
Hotspot indications are visually exaggerated
SUMMARY OF AFFECTED AREAS
42. (84% on peat)
FIRES TARGET IDLE DRAINED PEAT LANDS
Gaveau et al. in review
Forest Cemetery in Riau: shrubs ands wood
debris: forest was cleared a few years prior
by massive illegal logging
Fire is a land clearing tool to expand
Oil palm agriculture in unproductive
areas
43. CALCULATING CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FOREST
CONVERSION TO OIL PALM PLANTATION
-
Flux change approach
11.8 ± 0.7 Mg CO2-eq ha-1yr-1, or
294 ± 18 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 over 25 yrs
Stock change approach
2221 ± 269 Mg CO2-eq ha-1
(maximum peat depth was 3 m)
Note:
C losses from multiple fires during
land preparation are not included
Net emissions from protected PSF
12 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 yr-1
46. A “wicked” environmental problem because...
• No easy or technical solutions, especially on peatland
• Lack of evidence on which solutions would be most effective
• Hotly contested, political issue, multiple scales, sectors and actors
47. PEATLAND RESTORATION AGENCY
Presidential Decree No.1/2016
Reports to the President, supported by
cross-sectoral Technical Expert
Committee including:
Provincial Governors
Director-Generals from Ministries
of Environment & Forestry;
Agriculture; Agrarian & Spatial
Affairs; National Development
Planning; Coordinating Ministry of
Economic Affairs
To restore 2 million hectares of
peatland by 2020 in Riau, Jambi,
South Sumatra, West Kalimantan,
Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan
and Papua provinces
48. SOME REQUIRED OUTCOMES
Direct
Drastically reduced
Conversion of forests into agriculture
Use of fire in agriculture
Cultivation on peatland
Improved
Opportunities for sustainable rural livelihoods and income
Indirect
Improved health
Reduced losses for businesses across many sectors
Reduced risks in food production
Improved markets and value chains for sustainable products
Reduced emissions of greenhouse gases
49. SOME POSSIBLE ACTIONS BEYOND RESTORATION
Public investments (fiscal policies to address needs of rural people -
schooling, healthcare, job creation, incentives for non-fire agriculture),
Engagement by banks and financial institutions to curb inappropriate
investments (Indonesia and abroad) by conditioning financial services,
Deeper engagement with/by corporations active in large-scale land use,
Easing bureaucracy and raising accountability of public institutions and
government,
Reforms of land use policies and spatial planning to reduce commercial use
of peatlands,
Targeted public awareness campaigns (education, TV, media, social
networks), to promote sustainable development perspectives, promotion of
alternative technologies/investments in agriculture, reforms of enforcement
practices
50. TAKE-HOME
• These are agriculture fires,
– they are man-made and
– keep coming back
• The attention span is short
• Impact on health and livelihoods are
the most serious
• Solutions must address a wide
spectrum of development issues
– and will take time
Number of international & regional recruited staff : 66
With 45 in HQ Indonesia and 21 outside Indonesia
Number of national recruited staff : 127
With 108 in HQ Indonesia, and 19 outside Indonesia
National Staff
Indonesian : 108
Burkinabe : 4
Cameroonian : 14
Peru : 1
Peatland Restoration Agency geaded by Nazir Foead, formerly of WWF Indonesia
Priority areas for peatland restoration:
Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan
Musi Banyuasin and Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra
Kepulauan Meranti, Riau