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Effects of 2015 Southeast Asian Haze
- 3. Fire Damages • Loss of forest benefits • Timber • Agricultural Products • Biodiversity
- 4. 982 Forest Fire Hotspots
- 5. Global Fire Emissions Database: 600 MILLION TONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES
- 6. 20,000 Indonesian Firefighting Personnel
- 7. Haze Damages • Health Problems • Industrial Production Loss • Airport and Airline Loss • Cloud Seeding Cost • Crop Productivity • Aesthetic • Accidents and Loss of Life • Loss of Investors
- 9. 425,377 Cases of Acute Respiratory Infection
- 10. $14 Billion in Economic Costs
- 11. The Pollutant Standards Index
- 12. 2000 PSI peak in Central Kalimantan
Editor's Notes
- At least eight countries in Southeast Asia have been affected by the haze, including southern Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines and Vietnam, and most parts of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.
- Haze related damages can be attributed to two sources: the fire and the haze itself. Each of the two factors can create significant disruption to people's daily lives and affect people's health.
- Fire Damages The haze causing fire can cause a multitude of damages. These include loss of direct and indirect forest benefits, timber, agricultural products and biodiversity.
- Fire Damages A satellite imagery detected 982 hotspots in Sumatra on September 14, Monday – more than a month ago.
- Fire Damages The amount of carbon release to the atmosphere. The Global Fire Emissions Database reported that the 2015 Indonesian fires had generated around 600 million tonnes of greenhouse gases, also described as 'roughly equivalent to Germany's entire annual output'.
- Fire Damages The fires also incur significant fire fighting costs and carbon release to the atmosphere. Indonesia has also deployed more than 20,000 personnel to fight the fires
- Haze Damages Some of the more direct damages caused by haze include damage to people's short term health and regional tourism during haze period. The haze also leads to industrial production losses, airline and airport losses, fishing decline, and incurs costs on cloud seeding. In addition, severe haze weather can lead to long-term health damages, reduced crop productivity, aesthetic value of reduced visibility, aversive expenditures, accidents, loss of life, evacuations, and loss of confidence by foreign investors.
- Recently on October 18 which was on Sunday, Malaysia is shutting down schools in three states and several large districts around the country as the choking haze made a comeback above the "unhealthy" level.
- In Indonesia itself, almost half a million people (425,377 cases) have suffered from haze-related illnesses such as acute respiratory infections.
- As of today, the Malaysian government estimates economic costs to the region will reach close to $14 billion. It may be the worst ever recorded, outstripping the 1997 crisis which cost an estimated 9 billion American dollars
- They use the Pollutant Standards Index, or PSI, which is a type of air quality index. It is a number used to provide the public with an easily understandable indicator of how polluted the air is.
- Air pollution levels continued to soar in Kalimantan and Sumatra, with the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) for the two worst-hit regions fluctuating between "very unhealthy" and "hazardous" at the weekend. A peak reading of 2000 PSI was observed in central Kalimantan within the previous week. In Indonesia, any measurement above 350 is considered hazardous.