The document provides examples of different types of written communication: 1) Short messages or texts that are used for quick communication between mobile phones. An example short message asks the canteen manager to deliver food to the speaker's office. 2) Memos, which are internal communications within a company. An example memo notifies someone of a delayed flight arrival time. 3) Personal letters, which can be informal between family/close friends using contractions or terms of endearment, or more formal when addressing acquaintances using complete grammar and formal vocabulary. Guidelines are provided on formatting letters. 4) Examples are given of each type of communication to illustrate the differences. Activities are included to differentiate between informal

1. 1
Language Use
1. Speaking
Standard of Competence
Express accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in formal transactional and sustained exchanges in daily life
contexts.
Basic Competence
Express accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in formal transactional and sustained exchanges in daily life
contexts by using expressions to ask someone to promises.
Course Objective
Students will be able to ask someone to expressing promises.
GET THE EXPRESSION
Expressing a Promise
 Look at the following picture. Then, answer the question.
1. Who are the speakers in the
dialogue?
2. What does the man want the
woman to do?
Ways to say it
Asking for promise Offering a promise
 Promise me that you will get me all the water that I
can drink.
 Do you promise to take care of the bird if we get
one?
 Make me a promise, won`t you?
 I want you to promise that you`ll love me forever.
 Is that a promise?
 Do you give me your word on that?
 Do you swear that you won`t forget me?
 I promise I`ll do whatever you want.
 I promise you that I`ll try to be on time
next time.
 I promise to love you endlessly.
 It`s a promise.
 I give you my word on it.
 You have my word on it.
CHAPTER I
I want you to
promise that
you`ll love
me forever
I give you
my words
on that.

2. 2
 I swear that my love is only for you.
Perform the dialogue.
Dialogue I
Jane : Hallo, where are you honey? Why do you take so long? I am bored waiting for you
here alone.
Taylor : Oh my God, I am so sorry baby. I forget to tell you that I have a meeting with my boss.
Jane : What? How could you do ths to me. Why didn`t you tell by the phone or SMS?
Taylor : I do really forget, I swear it will never happen again.
Jane : Ok, I am going how now.
Dialogue II
(Situation : You have home work to do and you want to borrow your friend`s dictionary. But you have
lost her note book last time and you promise to change your attitude)
Jack: Hi Selena. I have an English homework to do tonight and I really need to borrow your dictionary
for a day. Is it possible?
Selena: I am sorry Jack. I can`t, I am using it today and I have many activities to do, I don`t have a
time to talk right now.
Jack: But I can`t finish it my homework without it Selena. I know that will be angry with me because I
lost your note book last time, but I promise to change my attitude.
Selena: You said it too yesterday.
Jack: please Selena, I swear this time, believe with me!
Selena: Sorry I have many things to do for today. I have to go, bye !
Jack: Bye and thank you anyway.
TIME TO PRACTICE
WORK IN PAIR, Divide your class in pair to practice conversation in front of class. You can choose
both of conversation above. Then, come forward and express it. Don’t forget about the pronunciation,
intonation and fluency.

3. 3
GROUP WORK, Divide your class into some groups. Make a dialogue about daily life. Add some
expressions of asking a promise and offering a promise. Then, submit it to your teacher.
2. Listening
Standard of Competence
Understand accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in monologue texts of narratives, explanations, and discussions
in daily life contexts.
Understanding accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in formal transactional and sustained exchanges in daily life
contexts.
Basic Competence
Understand accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in monologues texts.
Understand accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in formal transactional and sustained exchanges.
Course objectives
Students will be able to:
 Respond to ideational meaning of the short monologue.
 Respond to ideational meaning of the short dialogue.
ACTIVE LISTENING: Listen to the following fable. While listening, complete the missing words
with the words you hear. Then, answer the questions.
The Dolphin and the Monkey
One day long ago, some Sailors set out to sea in their sailing ship. One of them (1. . . . ) his pet monkey
along for the long journey.
When they were far out at sea, a terrible storm (2. . . . ) their ship. Everyone fell into the sea, and the
monkey was sure that he would (3. . . . ). Suddenly a dolphin appeared and picked him up.
They soon reached the island and the monkey came down from the dolphin’s back. The dolphin (4. . .)
the monkey, “Do you know this place?”
The monkey (5. . . . ), “Yes, I do. In fact, the king of the island is my best friend. Do you know that I am
actually a prince?”
(6. . . . ) that no one lived on the island, the dolphin said, “Well, well, so you are a prince! Now you can
be a king!” The monkey asked, “How can I be a king?”
As the dolphin started (7. . . . ) away, he answered, “That is easy. As you are the only creature on this
island, you will naturally be the king!”

4. 4
Drown Sailors Asked Replaid Knowing Swimming Overtuned

5. 5
3. Reading
Standard of Competence
Understand accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in short functional texts and short monologue/essays of
narratives, explanations, and discussions in daily life context and get access to popular sciences.
Basic Competence
Understand accurately, fluently, and appropriately messages in formal and informal short functional text.
Course Objects
Student will be able to respond to ideational meanings of short functional text.
Characteristic Value: Reading Interest
Read the following text.
Messages, Memos and Personal Letter.
A. Short Messages
Short Message Service (SMS) is a text messaging service component of phone, web, or
mobile communication systems. SMS messages or ‘texts’ are usually sent from one mobile
phone to another, but can also be sent from some home phones. It is a quick and convenient way
of sending a short message to someone.
Example of Short message.
1. What was text talk about?
2. Who brought the monkey?
3. How can the Dolphin help the Monkey?
4. Why the Dolphin said ““Well, well, so you are a prince! Now you can be
a king!”?
5.What lesson can you learn from the story?
Find Out:
To : Canteen Manager
From : Nora Amalia
Date : 21 April
I’m working late this evening. Would you please
deliver a couple of friend rice and a glass of lemon tea
to my office at about 6 o’clock?

6. 6
B. Memo
Memo is an internal form of communication that is sent from one member of a company
to a member of the same company.
Example of Memo
C. Personal Letter
Writing letters and messages can be complicated for some people. However, it is not
difficult to learn. Some important points on personal letters to be noted are:
 Your address (but not your name) usually goes in the top right-hand corner, if it included, but
it is no need to put it is often left out altogether in informal letters.
 There is no need to put the address of the person you are writing to.
 There are many different ways of ending an informal letter. These are some of the most
common:
To Family Members and close friends To friends and acquaintances
Love
Love from
Lots of love
Best wishes
All the best
Take care
Example of Personal Letter.
Memo
Nora
I’ve checkedarrival time forTo-
rung.Plane nowisabout an hour
late.Shouldnowcome inabout
2.15
21 Antasari St
Malang
21 April 2015
Dear Rachel
Hey, thanks for the parcel the other day and for the information about the mobile phone.
I’m not sure what type I want to buy. But I’m thinking about buying the 3250. My
brother has the same kind, so he can help me if I have problems. By the way, what type
of mobile phone do you have now?
Love
Nora A

7. 7
DIFFERENCIATION
There are some differences between informal language and formal language used in the letter.
MORE INFORMAL MORE FORMAL
Punctuation Dear Aunt Lucy (British)
Dear Aunt Lucy, (Comma)
(American)
Dear Ms Lucy : (colon)
Use of the contraction I’ll go to the computer shop
tonight.
Sofia’s coming with me.
If she were you, she’d understand
me letter.
I will go to the computer shop
tonight.
Sofia is coming with me.
If she were you, she would
understand me better.
Complete grammar Remember her? Do you remember her?
Choice of vocabulary words Mom’s still insisting me on the
physics stuff.
I’d go for the anthro or arceo
school.
He knows I’m more in with the
social sciences.
Bye for now.
Luv.
Mother is still insisting me on
the physics subject.
I would attempt for the
anthropology or archeology
school.
He knows that I am more
enthusiastic with the social
sciences.
Good bye for now.
Yours sincerely,

8. 8
Activity I
A. Choose the correct answer!
To : Mr. Zainal Abidin
From : Director
Subject : MEETING
DATE : February 5th 2015
Please attend the meeting at Hotel Jepara Indah on Tuesday, February 7th
2015
At 9 a.m on behalf of the director. Looking forward to your report upon the
completion of the meeting.
Dear Mom and Dad
We have some exciting news for you. Kareena is going to have a baby! We didn’t tell you right away.
At first, the doctor said she might have some troubles with the baby. Now, he says she is just fine.
She is very healthy and happy! she still works on her painting every day. But, she stopped teaching
art classes. She gets tired more quickly now.
There is going to be another change in our lives. We are moving back to New Delhi! We wanted to be
closer to you and to Sanjay. It is much nicer to be near the family for something important like a baby.
Kareena grew up in Chicago and she doesn’t have a family. So, that makes you even more important
to us.
Kareena is a little worried about working in New Delhi. She will have to start again there. In Paris, her
paintings are already popular. But, I’m sure people will like them In New Delhi, too. My job won’t be
any problem. I am still going to work for the New Delhi Times. I’ll be writing about The United Nations
in New Delhi. We are planning to move next month. See you then.
Love
Vijay Kapoor
To: Anindito
I really need your help. Would you like to come to my house? I have
some difficulties in operating my computer. Please come here.
Bring me your computer dictionary. I have to study more.
Tomorrow.
I have a computer test.
Raka

9. 9
A. Answer the Questions correctly by
choosing a, b, c or d below.
The message text is for questions number
1-4.
1. What is the purpose of this text?
a. To analyze the report meeting.
b. To inform the agenda.
c. To persuade the reader.
d. To explain about director activities.
2. When the meeting will be held?
a. May 7th 2015.
b. May 5th 2015.
c. May 9th 2015.
d. May 10th 2015.
3. Where the meeting will be held?
a. At campus.
b. At Director’s room.
c. At the seventh floor.
d. At Hotel Jepara Indah.
4. According the text above, which one the
correct statements?
a. The agenda will be held on may 5th
2015.
b. The meeting should be interesting.
c. The agenda will be held on May 7th,
2015.
d. Mr. Zainal should be volunteer.
The personal letter text is for questions
number 5 – 8
5. What is the main idea of the first
paragraph?
a. Kareena is going to have a baby.
b. Kareena has a problem about her
baby.
c. Kareena’s health makes her stop
teaching.
d. Kareena doesn’t like painting.
6. What is Kareena’s job?
a. Teacher and painter.
b. Painter and artist.
c. Teacher and engineer.
d. Nurse and painter.
7. Where do they will move?
a. Paris.
b. New Delhi.
c. France.
d. Indonesia.
8. Why Vijay and Kareena going back to
New Delhi?
a. Because she worried about working in
New Delhi.
b. She felt bored in Paris.
c. She want to be near her family.
d. She is working in the Paris.
The memo text is for questions number 9 –
12
9. What is the text tells about?
a. The writer’s assignment.
b. Difficulties in operation computer.
c. Asking for a help.
d. A computer dictionary
10. Who is the sender of text messenger?
a. Computer.
b. Raka.
c. Anindito.
d. Dictionary.
11. What is the raka’s problem?
a. He can not operate his computer.
b. He will borrow the Anindito’s
computer.
c. He will study hard.
d. He will bring the dictionary for
Anindito.
12. Please come here.
The underline word means…….
a. In the library
b. In the school
c. In the market
d. The writer’s house.

10. 10
B. Complete the following letter by choosing the available words.
Group Work
Divide your class into groups consist of three persons. Make a short message, personal letter and
memo. You may explore the topics through the internet center, library, or from books. Then, write it
into your worksheet or in the paper which already served. After that, design it nicely and make it
excellent. Submit it to your teacher.
Dear Amrina,
I ……. received your letter asking me to meet you ....... your house this Sunday
to ....... the urgent matter you have. I ....... however to say that it will not be
possible for me to see you on ...... as I already have a previous appoinment. I
shall see you on Monday, next week,at 5 pm. Hoping the change of date will be
…… to you.
Your sincerely,
Bety
Have at discuss regret Sunday convenient
Did you find any problems
in this section? Share
your difficulties with your
teacher for a solution.
Checking
your
progress

11. 11
IN DEPTH Study kinds of letter below.
Assignment
Characteristic Values: Creativity, Patriotism.
Write a letter to a good friend of yours who lives in another town. Telling about your
experiences in your town and a in your school.
In your opinion, there are so many experiences and also many things in your town. You can send him
or her letter to tell about it. This way will make him or her interested to come in your town. So, in a
way, you persuade your friend to come in your town.
10/26/14
Dear Aunt Lucy
Thank you very much for the check. I’ll
go to the computer shop tonight. Sofia’s
coming with me. Remember her?
Mom’s still insisting me on the physics
stuff. If she were you, she’d understand me
better. Dad’s okay. He knows I’m more in with
the social sciences. I’d go for the anthro or
archeo school. Could you persuade her one
way or another? She’d listen to you, I’m sure.
I’ll tell you about the computer set after
I come back from the shop.
Bye for now.
Tom
P.S Sofia’s sending you her warm regards. She
still keeps the key holder she got from you two
years ago.
Seaside Hotel
13-15 White rock Rd., Beach city 23576. Phone/
Fax.: 02746247750
October 13, 2014
JD/AM/4.12
Mr. George Johnson
36 Sangaji Street Kotabaru 53601
Dear Mr. Johnson:
Thank you for your letter of 17th October.
We are very sorry that our family suites are fully
reserved for the week of 22nd – 28th November.
However, we would like very much to recommend
our double-bed twin which would be comfortably
nice for four of family. Should you be interested in
our offer, we would give you a special holiday rate
with two vouchers for free dinner. We look forward
to receiving your reply and we promise that our
offer gives you the saving of a lifetime.
Your sincerely,
Ridwan R.
Assistant Manager.

12. 12
GRAMMAR POINTS
Characteristics: Curiosity
PASSIVE SENTENCES
S V O
Active: Mary helped the boy.
S V
Passive: The boy was helped by Mary.
Form of the passive: be + past participle.
In the passive, the object of an active verb becomes the
subject of the passive verb: “the boy” in (a) becomes the
subject of the passive verb in (b). (a) and (b) have the same
meaning.
Active: (c) An accident happened.
Passive: (d) (none)
Only transitive verbs (verbs that are followed by an
object) are used in the passive. It is not possible to use
verbs such as happen, sleep, come, and seem
(intransitive verbs) in the passive.
Example:
 Marijuana usually is smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe.
 Critical skills related to attention, memory, and learning are significantly impaired even after
they have not used the drug for at least 24 hours.
 Depression, anxiety, and personality disturbances have been associated with marijuana
addiction.
BE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Be can be in any of its forms: am, is, are, was, were, has been, will, be, etc.
The past participle follows be. For regular verbs, the past participle ends in –ed (e.g. smoked,
impaired). Some past participles are irregular (e.g. taught)
Task 1
Be + Past
participle
1. Ahong sells illegal drugs. Illegal drugs Are _____ By Ahong
2. Marley smokes marijuana. Marijuana _____ _____ By Marley
3. The police have caught Paul. Paul _____ _____ By the
police
4. Susan is injecting some cocain. Some cocain _____ _____ By Susan
5. The police is going to hold a drug. A drug education _____ _____ By the
police

13. 13
Task 2
1. Drug dealers usually sell the drugs in the disco.
2. Suzan snorted white powder in the bathroom.
3. Bobby smokes a cigarette which smell like marijuana.
4. My school is going to visit a drug rehab in our city.
5. Drug treatment centers provide help for drug addicts.
Relative Clouse
The ozone layer, which protects all life from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is being Relative clause
Destroyed by the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere.
A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind of person
or thing) the speaker means.
We use which in a relative clause when we are talking about things.
We use that in a relative clause when we are talking about things or people.
We use who in a relative clause when we are talking about people.
 The widening holes in the ozone layer allow in more UV rays that can cause skin cancers,
cataracts, and immune system damage.
 Many climate-change scientist who have done research on climate change forecast that the
earth’s temperature will rise from if we don’t take steps to reduce greenhouse gases.
Task 1
Combine the two sentences to make a meaningful sentence. Use a relative clause in the sentences.
Example: The island was very beautiful. It has vanished due to the rise of sea level.
The island which was very beautiful has vanished due to the rise of sea level.
1. Farmers used to plant crops according to the seasonal rainfall. They cannot rely on the
seasons anymore because of the unstable rainfall pattern.
_________________________________________________________________
2. Rainfall pattern used to be stable. It has been unstable because of the global warming.
_________________________________________________________________
3. Some scientist believe that global warming is not a threat. They argue that global warming is
a purely a natural phenomenon.
_________________________________________________________________

14. 14
4. The coral reef was really fascinating. It is now dying as a result of global warming.
_________________________________________________________________
5. A massive amount of carbon dioxide is released excessively. They produce greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Writing
Standard of Competence
Convey accurately, fluently,and appropriately messages in short functional texts and short monologues/essays of narratives,
explanations, and discussions in daily life contexts.
Basic Competence
Convey accurately, fluently, and appropriately short monologues/essays of narative texts.
Course Objective
Students will able to write Narrative rext.
Did you ever heard the story about Snow
White? Of course, this story told about the
beautiful girl named Snow White and seven
dwarfs. This story can be categorized as
Narrative. It deals with an irrasional
experience in the past time. The story
begins by introducing the characters
(Orientation), problem faced by the
characters (Complication), and climax of
the story (Resolution). The purpose of
narrative text is to amuse or entertain the
readers about a story. Study the following
example !
Snow White Title
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her
aunt and uncle because her parents were dead.
Orientation
One day she heard her uncle and aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the
castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough
money to take Snow White.
Complication
Snow white did not want her uncle and aunt to do this. So, she decided it would
be best if she ran away. The next morning, she ran away from home when her
aunt and uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
Complication
She was very tired and hungry. She saw a little cottage. She knocked out but no
one answered. So she went inside and fell asleep.
Complication
NARRATIVE

15. 15
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from works. They went inside.
There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw
dwarfs. The dawrfs said, “What is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is
Snow White”.
Complication
The dawrfs said, “if you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White said,
“Oh, could I? Thank you”. Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story.
Snow White and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.
Resolution
Below are more explanations about narrative. We have to pay attention the following table.
Narrative
Purpose To entertain or amuse the readers about a story
Generic Structure Orientation, Complication, And Resolution
Language Features Using Past Tense, eg. lived, heard, decided
Conjuction, eg. one day, meanwhile, after that,
Direct speech, eg. The dawrfs said, “What is your name?”
Example of narrative story Fable, Fairy Tales, Historical Story, Folktales, Legend, Myth.
A story involving animal as its character is called a
fable. Fable can be categorized as a narrative text. This
text has function or purpose is to entertain the readers or
listeners. Narrative text is different with other texs.
When the readers or listeners read or listen the story,
they will get some moral values taken from the story.
Narrative text is constructed by many structures, they
are:
1. First, introduce the main character, setting (time or
place), and alert the listener or reader to come in the
story. This stage is called Orientation.
2. Second, tell the sequence of events. The author will begin by giving a problem for main
character. After that, serious conflict comes to the main character. This stage is named
Complication.
3. Third, Where the problems of characters of the story is being solved. This stage called
Resolution.
4. Finally, you can tell or include the explicit moral value. Somebody who reads or listens the
story will get something new. Sometimes, you can also include happy or sad situation at the
last paragraph of the story.
Common grammatical features used by narrative text, include:
1. Use of nouns to describe particular people, animals, and things that the story is about.

16. 16
2. Use of adjectives to build noun groups to describe, animals, or things in the story.
3. Use of conjunction to sequence events.
4. Use of past tense.
The Little Red Hen
Once upon a time, there was a Red Hen lived in a farm with her chickens. She also lived with the
other neightbours, the Goose and the Duck. (ORIENTATION)
One day, she found a grain of wheat. So, she asked her neightbours, the goose and the duck,
“Who will plant this wheat?” And no one wanted to plant the wheat. So she planted the grain of
wheat herself. (COMPLICATION)
When the wheat was ripe she said, “Who will take this wheat to the mill?” And, again, no one
wanted to do it. She took the wheat to the mill. (COMPLICATION)
When she bought the flour home she said, “Who will make some bread with this flour?” And as
predicated, no one would like to do it. (COMPLICATION)
When the bread was baked, she said, “Who will eat this bread?” This time it was different. They
said, “I will, I will.” (COMPLICATION)
“No, you won’t, “ said the Red Hen. “I shall eat it myself. Cluck! Cluck! And she called her
chickens to eat the bread together. (RESOLUTION)
Lesson: We should share both in good and bad times
Source: BSE (Buku Sekolah Elektronik)
The Goose and The Golden Eggs
Once a farmer went to the nest of his goose and found there an egg, all yellow and shiny.
When he picked it up, it was heavy as a rock. He was about to throw it away because he thought
that someone was playing a trick on him. But on second thought, he took it home, and
discovered to his delight that it was an egg of pure gold!
He sold the egg for a lot of money. Every morning the goose laid another golden egg, and
the farmer soon became rich by selling the eggs.
As he grew rich, he also grew greedy. “Why should I have to wait to get only one egg a
day?” he thought. “I will cut open the goose and take all the eggs out of her at once.”
When the goose heard the farmer’s plan, she flew away to a nearby farm. So when the
farmer came out the next day, do you know what he found in the goose’s nest? Nothing.
Exercise 1

17. 17
1. What are the main characters of the story?
2. Where did the farmer find the egg?
3. How did the story end?
4. What is the moral value you get from the story?
5. Answer the table below according to the story !
Write the orientation paragraph based on the
story!
Write the complication paragraph based on the
story!
Write the resolution paragraph based on the story!
Mention past verbs from the paragraph!
Mention the conjunctions from the paragraph!
PINOCCHIO
Once upon a time, there was a puppeteer named Geppetto. He really wanted a boy but his
wife has been died for a long time ago. One day, he had an idea. He wanted to make a puppet so
he would never felt lonely again. He made a puppet all night without resting. In the morning,
finally he finished his work. He named the puppet, Pinocchio. He played whole day with
Pinocchio. However, he felt lonely again because Pinocchio couldn't talk or walk by himself. In
the middle of the night, Geppetto prayed to the God. His wish was Pinocchio became a real boy,
human. He thought it on his mind in his dream.
Questions
Exercise 2

18. 18
In the next morning, he surprised. Pinocchio was alive. He really was happy. He tough
Pinocchio how to walk, how to speak, how to read etc. like a teacher. Pinocchio learned fast. He
entered an elementary school. One day, Pinocchio felt bored. So, he went home late. Geppetto
worried about him. When Pinocchio came to home, Geppetto asked him. He said he was on
school but he didn't. Suddenly, Pinocchio's nose grew longer. It meant that Pinocchio lied.
The next day, Pinocchio got caught by thieves. The thieves were the owner of circus.
Pinocchio became a slave for the circus. He was famous because he was a talking puppet.
Geppetto worried him. Pinocchio didn't come home for 2 days. He didn’t found Pinocchio
everywhere. When he discovered the sea, big wave smashed him. He was on whale's stomach
when he awoke. He couldn't find the way out.
In different place, Pinocchio finally could get out from circus. He went to home but
Geppetto wasn't on there. He found Geppetto at sea. He had the same accident like Geppetto. He
met Geppetto in whale's stomach. They got out from its stomach by making a fire.
They went home back together. In the end, they lived happy forever after.
Choose the best answer below by crossing (x) a, b, c, d, or e !
1. What is the story tell about?
a) The story told about Gepetto’ dream
b) The story told about the dead of Gepetto’s wife
c) The story told about Pinoccio and his friends
d) The story told about the experiences of Pinoccio
e) The story told about the dead of Pinoccio
2. When was Pinoccio alive?
a) At the end of the year
b) In the morning
c) In the night
d) In the afternoon
e) At the Gapetto’s birthday
3. Why did Pinoccio’s nose grew longer?
a) Because he didn’t eat for 2 days
b) Because he came home late
c) Because he told a lie
d) Because he went to school
e) Because he sang a misterious song.
4. ....... but Geppetto wasn't on there. The bold word refers to ?
a) Pinoccio
b) Geppetto
c) Sea
d) Wave
e) Home

19. 19
5. How did Pinoccio find Geppetto?
a) He met Geppetto in whale's stomach
b) He met Geppetto in sea
c) He met Geppetto at home
d) He met Geppetto at office
e) He met Geppetto at street
Divide your class into four groups, every groups consists of three persons. Then, make a
narrative text you ever met. Discuss with your friends and design it nicely. Submit to your
teacher if you have done it.
GOOD LUCK!!!!
GROUP WORK

20. 20
Explanation Text
1. Definition and purposes of Explanation
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to
forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena.
Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history
text books.
2. Generic structure of Explanation
 General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
 Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
3. Language Feature
 Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
 Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
 Using passive voice pattern
 Using simple present tense
Examples and Structures of the text
Making Paper from Woodchips
A general statement Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp
and paper products from forest trees.
The woodchipping process begins when the
trees are cut down in a selected area of the
forest called a coupe.
A sequenced explanation Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut
out and then the logs are taken to the mill.
At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and
the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them
into small pieces called woodchips.
The woodchips are then screened to remove
dirt and other impurities.At this stage they are
either exported in this form or changed into
pulp by chemicals and heat.
The pulp is then bleached and the water
content is removed.
Closing Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
Explanation??

21. 21
Read the passage below then choose the best answer by crossing a,b, c, d, or e !
Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of
vegetable oil.
To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw
materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready
supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of
Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility
many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the
raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to
power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.
The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester
interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller
amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for
example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides,
which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester
interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with
three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin
byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for
different industries.
1. What is the text about?
a) The process of making Biodiesel.
b) The use of the Biodiesel.
c) The advantage of using the Biodiesel.
d) The benefit of producing the Biodiesel.
e) The development of the Biodiesel product.
2. What are interchanged in the process of ester interchange?
a) The three fatty acids with the glycerin molecules.
b) The glycerin molecule with three methanol molecules.
c) Methanol with the three fatty acids.
d) Vegetable oil with methanol
e) Methanol and alkaline catalyst.
3. According to the text, one of the advantages in using biodiesel is…
a) it is cheap.
b) it only uses vegetable oil.
c) it uses replaceable materials.
d) it can be done in small industry.
e) it gives less pollution than petroleum.
4. “The process for converting vegetable oil…”(Paragraph 3)
The underline word is closest in meaning to…
a) Producing
b) Separating
c) Attaching
d) Processing

22. 22
All planes need air to presure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move
forward. The higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.
The smooth, streamlined shape of the plane allows the air to flows easily over its surface. This
helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows it to move rapidly
through the air.
Planes move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward
keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings. If the engines fail, theplanes will begin to
descend very quickly.
The air above the wing moves faster, so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the
wing. The air under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed, so it is at a higher
pressure than the air above the wing.
1. What does the text describe?
a. How the wings of a plane work
b. How the plane move forward
c. How the plane is made
d. The engine of a plane
e. How a plane flies
2. The planes stay up in the air when..
a. A stream of moving air passes over their wings
b. There is air pressure under their wings
c. The wings move forward
d. The engines move faster
e. The engines fail
3. “This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allow it to move
more rapidly through the air”(Paragraph 2) the underlined word can be replaced by..
a. Slowly b. Quickly c. Smoothly d. Gradualy e. Immediately
4. What is the use of air pressure under the plane’s wings?
a. To go down
b. To keep moving
c. To squash the wings
d. To stay up in the air
e. To reduce their weights
5. Movement planes forward using engines is called..
a. Trust b. Thurst c. Squash d. Thrust e. Streaming
6. “.....the planes will begin to descend very quickly” underlined word means..
a. Go down b. Go up c. Landing d. Starting e. Ending

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7. To tell the readers, writer using..
a. Past tenses c. Past perfect e. Continuous tense
b. Perfect tenses d. Present tense
8. What is the purpose of the text..
a. To persuade the reader about something
b. To explain how planes stay up in the air
c. To describe about planes
d. To entertain the readers
e. To tell past event
9. Which statement is false accroding the text..
a. All planes need air to presure under their wings to stay up in the air
b. Streamlined shape of the plane allows the air to flows easily over its surface
c. Planes move forward using engines
d. Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings
e. Planes movement forward is calling as streamlined.
10. The air under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed, so...
a. it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing.
b. it is at a higher pressure than the air above the wing.
c. allows the air to flows easily over its surface
d. A stream of moving air passes over their wings
e. The wings move forward
Write an explanation text! The text
should consist of five paragraphs. After
you finish it, submit it to your teacher’s
desk
INDIVIDUAL TASK

24. 24
Discussion Text
1. Definition
Discussion is a text which presents a
problematic discourse. This problem will
be discussed from different points of view. It
presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue.
The purpose of a discussion text is to present
arguments and information from differing
viewpoints. Discussion texts are usually written in the
present tense.
2. Points to check
 Have you been fair to both sides?
 Have you supported your views with reasons ande vidence?
 In your conclusion, have you given a reason for what you have decided?
3. Generic Structure
 Issue : contains of statement and preview about something.
 Arguments for/Supporting arguments : after stating the issue, it is necessary to
present the argument to support that one point is agreeing.
 Arguments against : beside the supporting argument, discussion text need the
arguments which disagree to the stated issue.
 Recommendation/conclusion : It is used to tell how to solve issue by concerning the
arguements for and against.
4. Language Features
 Introducing category or generic participant.
 Relating verb/to be: is, am, are, etc.
 Using thinking verb: feel, hope, believe, etc.
 Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection: similarly, on the hand, however,
etc.
 Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc.
 Using adverbial of manner: deliberately, hopefully, etc.
 Conjunction/transition: although, even, if, etc.
Discussion??

25. 25
Example and Structure of Discussion Text
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Fast Food
Discussion Text
Issue Nowadays, people are being busy with their job. They
compete against time to complete all of the works. This fast life
makes them love everything which is also fast and instant. It is
applied in their eating habit. They prefer the foods that are
prepared and served quickly rather than the healthy food which
needs long time to serve. That food is called as fast food or junk
food. Many types of foods like perfectly become part of their
lifestyle because it does not require a long time.
Arguments for The most fast food obvious advantage is those food can save
time better. In this very quick of life, there is no better option for
food than fast food although there are so many people who
recommend healthy food. When someone come home with hunger
and tiring because of work, fast food becomes the main choice for
them. They do not have time to go to kitchen or shopping to
supermarket just to get a various of healthy food.
Arguments against It is also proved to have some disadvantages for its
consumer. The largest disadvantage of fast food is because these
contain a lot of fat, sugar, oil, calories, and addictive substances. The
process of frying also makes it becomes an unhealthy food. The
frying process can destroy most of the essential nutrients inside the
food itself. If fast food is consumed continuously, it will cause very
dangerous diseases including heart disease, stroke, obesity, and
many more.
Recommendation From the short discussion above, it can be concluded that
fast food has its advantages and disadvantages for its consumer. It is
considered can save time and money, besides that it is also
considered as a cause of health problem and Loosening of family
relationships. Therefore, we must be smart in choosing a healthy
lifestyle for us.

26. 26
Read the passage below then choose the best answer by crossing a,b, c, d, or e !
Most people agree that the family planning programme is desirable for the good of family
and society. But individuals and religious groups differ sharply on the methods of birth
control that they consider moral and acceptable.
Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or
space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having
children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so
they can give each as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctor
to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing
populations, the government encourages couples to limit the number of their families.
Even thought birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is
continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual outside marriage or that
government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on
moral grounds.
Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because
they separate the purposes of intercourse in marriage-conjugal love and the procreation of
children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family
planning to be acceptable.
1. Some religious groups refuse to use … birth controlbecause of moral values.
A. home-made
B. man-made
C. natural
D. original
E. high quality
2. Paragraph twotells us about …
A. the government’s encouragement for happy family.
B. the reasons why a woman avoids to have baby.
C. the reasons why couples do birth control.
D. the postponement to having children.
E. the small and big families.
3. We learn from the text that …
A. all couple want to limit their children.
B. most couples want to postpone giving birth.
Exercise 1

27. 27
C. people space children to give them less attention.
D. not everybody agrees with the birth controlmethods.
E. women avoidbeing pregnant because of economic problems
Pro and con of Computers for Students
Do you know that most schools and colleges strongly recommend students to have
computers to help them achieve better results of learning. With computer connected to
Internet, students can learn English online. They can make reports easily by using word
processing software. They can play game to get of boredom. However, a computer can also
give negative impacts for a student.
One thing that makes a computer useful is that students can use it to finish some
assignments from schools. By connecting to Internet, they can easily surf and find any
materials related to their lessons and assignments. They have unlimited resources from all
over the worlds. Online libraries are open. A lot of book are free to download and read
online. Finding friends from related field of study is not difficult anymore. They can work
together to boost their best achievement. What more benefit is they can do all of that just
by sitting on the a chair of their rooms. What amazing world it is, isn’t?
Although a computer has many benefits, it should be considered deeply. A computer
certainly does not promote students to do and move more. A computes make students
have less physical activities. Even not few of them forget to have lunch while they are
playing certain game. They just sit in front of monitors. They are caught up in the mystique
of the smart machines. In short, students who usually work with computers tend to have a
few physical activities and exercises.
So what should students do? Should they avoid using computers? Of course “No”.
Computer will make even greater benefits if physical activities are also promoted to done
by the students.
1) What is the text tell about?
2) Why is computer useful for students?
3) Why are students banned to use computer?
4) Mention the disadvantages of using computer!
5) How does writer state this issue?
Exercise 2
INDIVIDUAL TASK
Write a discussion text about hot news topic in your
city. After you have done it, submit it on your
teacher’s desk

28. 28
REFERENCES
Azar, B. S. 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar. (2nd Edition). Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents.
Sudarwati,Th,M and Grace E. 2007. Look Ahead An English Course 3 for Senior High School
Students Year XII. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sugeng B. and Zaimah N. 2015. Contextual English for Grade XII of Senior High School 3,
Physical Sciences and Social Majors. Solo: Platinum.
http://www.kidsworldfun.com/shortstories_themonkeyandthedolphin.php#sthash.BbWGtZeJ.dpuf
http://www.freeenglishcourse.com