buchholz relay on transformer
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Buchholz relay is a gas-actuated protective relay installed in oil-immersed transformers between the main tank and conservator tank. It contains a float and mercury switch that energizes alarm or trip circuits during faults to indicate issues like oil and gas accumulation, surge, or leakage. The relay prevents accidents during major faults by isolating the transformer.
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Buchholz relay
This document presents information about Buchholz relays. It discusses that Buchholz relays were first developed in 1921 and are installed in large power transformers to protect against internal faults. The relay contains an upper element that closes an alarm circuit during slow developing faults and a lower element that trips the circuit breaker during severe faults. It operates by detecting hydrogen gas generated from transformer oil decomposition during faults, with the gas causing floats that activate mercury switches to signal alarms or trip the transformer. Buchholz relays provide simple and effective protection for oil-immersed transformers while also detecting slow developing faults earlier than other methods.
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BUCHHOLZ RELAY ON TRANSFORMER
The document discusses the Buchholz relay, which is a protective device used in oil-immersed transformers. It contains three elements: an upper float, lower element, and main element containing gas release pockets. It operates based on mechanical phenomena to detect minor faults through gas accumulation or major faults indicated by a surge of oil. The Buchholz relay alerts to faults and can isolate the transformer to prevent accidents, while also allowing analysis of fault gases. However, it only protects below the oil level and has some time delay.
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This document describes various protection schemes for transformers, including differential, restricted earth fault, overcurrent, and thermal protection.
1) Differential protection compares currents entering and leaving the transformer zone to detect internal faults. It provides the best protection for internal faults.
2) Restricted earth fault protection is used to detect high-resistance winding-to-core faults not detectable by differential relays. It uses a neutral current transformer and is sensitive to internal earth faults.
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Buchholz relay
This document presents information about Buchholz relays. It discusses that Buchholz relays were first developed in 1921 and are installed in large power transformers to protect against internal faults. The relay contains an upper element that closes an alarm circuit during slow developing faults and a lower element that trips the circuit breaker during severe faults. It operates by detecting hydrogen gas generated from transformer oil decomposition during faults, with the gas causing floats that activate mercury switches to signal alarms or trip the transformer. Buchholz relays provide simple and effective protection for oil-immersed transformers while also detecting slow developing faults earlier than other methods.
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The document discusses the Buchholz relay, which is a protective device used in oil-immersed transformers. It contains three elements: an upper float, lower element, and main element containing gas release pockets. It operates based on mechanical phenomena to detect minor faults through gas accumulation or major faults indicated by a surge of oil. The Buchholz relay alerts to faults and can isolate the transformer to prevent accidents, while also allowing analysis of fault gases. However, it only protects below the oil level and has some time delay.
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1) Differential protection compares currents entering and leaving the transformer zone to detect internal faults. It provides the best protection for internal faults.
2) Restricted earth fault protection is used to detect high-resistance winding-to-core faults not detectable by differential relays. It uses a neutral current transformer and is sensitive to internal earth faults.
3) Overcurrent protection uses relays with current coils to detect overloads and faults above a pickup threshold. It also includes ground-fault protection.
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The document summarizes the Buchholz relay, which is a protection relay used on oil-immersed transformers over 500 kVA. It detects faults through changes in oil and gas levels between the transformer's main and conservator tanks. The Buchholz relay can detect minor internal faults like insulation failures or core heating, as well as major faults such as short circuits. It provides the benefits of early fault detection to prevent equipment damage and allows analysis of fault severity without dismantling. However, it only detects submerged faults and has a slow operating speed of 0.1 to 0.2 seconds.
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Differential over current protection, also called Merz-Price protection, is used for protection of alternators and transformers. It works on a current balance principle and protects against phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. Challenges include differences in pilot wire resistance and ratio errors in current transformers during heavy faults. Protection of transformers includes Merz-Price and Buchholz relay, which provides warning of faults before they occur through detection of gas bubbles in the oil. Common transformer faults include overheating, tap changer issues, cooling failure, and phase or inter-turn faults. Abnormalities in alternators include prime mover or exciter failure, overloading, unbalanced loads, over-voltage and
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buchholz relay on transformer
- 1. Subject:- Switchgear and Protection Topic:- Buchholz Relay on Transformer Prepared By : Yash kothadia (150110109019) Abhishek lalkiya (150110109020) keyur nimavat (150110109027)
- 2. • Buchholz relay in transformer is an oil container housed the connecting pipe from the main tank to the conservator tank. • Buchholz relay is a type of oil and gas actuated protection relay mainly used on all oil immersed insulation transformer more than 500KVA. • Buchholz relay is a gas-actuated relay installed in oil immersed transformers for protection against all kinds of fault. • Buchholz relay is an oil immersed protective relay located between the connecting pipe of the conservator tank to the main tank, which energized an alarm circuit or trip circuit during transformer faulty conditions. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 4. • UPPER ELEMENT-A hinged float i.e. moving up and down depending upon the oil level in the Buchholz relay container. • LOWER ELEMENT-A hinged float or A baffle plate i.e. in front of inlet (main tank side) of the transformer. Movement by oil pressure. • MAIN ELEMENT-Gas release pockets or cocks (on top). JULIUSALOWONLE
- 5. • MERCURY SWITCH-Depends on the position of the float(attached to the float). • OIL SURGE DETECTOR OR FLAP -Detect an oil surge from the main tank to the conservator tank. • ALARM-Initiate sound for fault attention. • TRIP CIRCUIT-Actuate Circuit breaker isolation. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 10. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 11. • Based on Mechanical phenomenon(Mechanically actuated). • Minor Internal Fault. • Severe or Major types of Fault. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 12. • Insulation fault between turns. • Breakdown of core of transformer. • Core heating. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 13. • Short-circuit between phases. • Short-circuit between phases to earth. • Fault in tap changing equipment. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 14. Gas Float • Minor • fault • Mercury switch Alarm energized • Decomposition Lower the Tilting the Alarm • of transformer float switch contact • oil (hydrocarbon) closed JULIUSALOWONLE
- 15. • Major • fault Baffle plate Mercury switch Trip circuit Circuit breaker EnergizedOil pressure Tilting the switch • Surge of • the oil • Opened LV & HV side JULIUSALOWONLE
- 16. • Oil • leakage Air Float bubbles Mercury switch Alarm energized Lower the float Tilting the switch • • • Alarm contact closed JULIUSALOWONLE
- 17. • Buchholz relay operation may be actuated without any fault in the transformer. • OIL TOPPAGE-When oil is added to a transformer, air may get in together with oil, accumulate under the relay cover and thus cause false buchholz relay operation. • MECHANICAL LOCK-is provided in the relay so that one can lock the movement of mercury switch when oil is topping up in the transformer and also during transportation of transformer. • EXTERNAL FAULT-Over currents flowing through the winding cause over heated the copper and causes oil to expand. It increase the oil velocity which is sufficient to trip over the lower float. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 18. • Buchholz relay prevent accidents during major fault (isolate the transformer). • Severity of the fault can be determined without dismantling the transformer (DGA). • It trapped gases for bleeding. JULIUSALOWONLE
- 19. • It can sense the fault occurring below oil level only. Therefore separate protection is needed for connecting cables. • it is a time delay operating device (0.1 seconds and average of 0.2 operating range). • it can only be used with oil immersed transformers equipped with conservator tanks JULIUSALOWONLE