The document discusses the history and significance of artisans, tracing their origins to ancient Egypt and highlighting their evolution through the medieval and Renaissance periods. It also defines various artistic mediums, distinguishing between visual and auditory arts, and describes specific techniques and materials used in visual arts, such as oil, watercolor, and marble. The text emphasizes how an artist selects their medium to best convey their ideas, focusing on the characteristics and qualities of different materials.

1. PRODUCTION PROCESS, MEDIUM,
TECHNIQUE AND CURATION.
LESSON 9: ART AND ARTISANS

2.  The word artisan derives from the Italian "artesian" which
stems from the Latin artitus, meaning "instructed in the arts".
An artisan is thus a skilled worker that has mastered a trade
or a craft which can be purely decorative, functional or both.
 Artisans can be traced all the way back to
Ancient Egypt, as carpenters, stone carvers,
potters, sculptors, jewelers, among other
trades.

3.  Medieval period that the role of the artisan in society
was specialized and appreciated. This was due to the
formation of artisan guilds, which protected the rights
and benefits of the producers and the consumer while
also maintaining a standard of quality and
workmanship.
 Renaissance period, however, the artisan first began
to receive recognition for their genius and individual
vision as creative workers, rather than mere manual
laborers/slaves as they had been throughout history.
These circumstances gave rise to the great artists that
we celebrate to day such as Michelangelo and Leonardo
Da Vinci.

4. Definition of Medium- The word medium, which
comes from the Latin word medius, denotes the
means by which an artist communicates his idea.
 These are the materials which the artist uses to
translate his feelings or thought into a beautiful
reality.
 This may be pigment in painting, stone, wood
brick, concrete and various building materials
in architecture, steel, marble, bronze, and
wood in sculpture, sound in music and words in
literature.

5. On the basis of medium, the arts are primarily
classified as: Visual and Auditory.
Visual-The visual or spaces are those whose
mediums can be seen and which occupy space.
These are grouped into two classes. The first is the
dimensional or two dimensional arts which include
painting, drawing printmaking, and photography.
The community planning, industrial design and the
crafts like ceramics and furniture making.

6. On the basis of medium, the arts are primarily
classified as: Visual and Auditory.
Auditory-or time arts are those mediums that can
be heard and which are expressed in time. These
are music and literature. The combined arts are
those whose mediums can be both seen and heard,
and these exist in both space and time.

7. The Artist and His Mediums
The artist thinks feels and gives shape to his vision in
terms of his mediums. When an artist chooses his
medium, he believes that this can best express the idea
he wants to convey.
The distinctive character of the medium determines the
way it can be worked on and turned into a work of
art. The nature of each medium determines how a work
of art may be realized.

8. Definition of Technique
It is the manner in which the artist controls
his medium to achieve the desired effect. It
is the ability with which he fulfills the
technical requirement s of his particular
work of art.

9. The Mediums of Visual Arts
The Mediums of Visual Arts

10. Watercolor-as a mediums difficult to handle
because it is difficult to produce warm and rich
tones. While changes may be made once the
paint has been applied such changes
normally tend to make the color less
luminous. This defect however are rendered by
watercolor artists through some techniques.

12. Fresco-This is the painting on a moist plaster surface
with colors ground in water or a limewater mixture.
The colors dry into plaster, and the picture becomes a
part of the wall. Fresco must be done quickly because it
is an exacting medium.

13. The Sistine Chapel
ceiling (Italian: Soffitto della
Cappella Sistina), painted
in fresco by Michelangelo bet
ween 1508 and 1512, is a
cornerstone work of High
Renaissance art.

14. Tempera-paints are mineral pigments mixed with
egg yolk or egg white and ore. They are often used
as a binder due to its film forming properties and
rapid drying rate.

15. The Poet and His Muse
Date: c. 1925
Artist: Giorgio de Chirico
(Italian (born Greece),
1888–1978)
Medium: Oil and
Tempera on canvas

16. Pastel-This is a stick of dried paste mage of pigments
ground with chalk and compounded with gum water. Its
colors are luminous, and it is a very flexible medium.
Some artists use a fixing medium or a protecting
surface such a glass, but when the chalk rubs, the
picture loses some of its brilliance.

18. Oil-painting is one of the most expensive art activities today
because of the prohibitive cost of materials. In oil painting,
pigments are mixed with linseed oil and applied to the
canvas. One good quality of oil paint as a medium is its flexibility.
Distinctive characteristic of oil paints, compared with other
mediums, is that they dry slowly and the painting may be
changed and worked over a long period of time. Painting
done in oil is glossy and lasts long.

20. Acrylic-This medium is used popularly by contemporary
painters because of the transparency and quick drying
characteristics of water color and the flexibility of oil
combined. Acrylic paints do not tend to break easily,
unlike oil paints which turn yellowish or darker over a long of
period of time.

22. Bistre- is a brown pigment extracted from the soot of
wood, and often used in pen and wash drawings.

24. Stone-is the hard substance formed
from mineral and earth material. The
finish is granular and dull in
appearance. These are normally used
for gravestones in cemeteries.
Granite-is a granular igneous rock
composed of feldopars and quartz,
usually combined with other minerals
and is quite difficult to chisel. This is good
for large works with only a few designs.

25. Marble-is limestone in a more or
less crystalline state and is capable
of taking a high polish, occurring in
many varieties. It is easier to carve
than granite.
Jade-is a fine, colorful stone usually
green, and used widely in Ancient
China. It is highly esteemed as an
ornamental stone for carving and
fashioning jewelry.

26. Ivory-which comes from the
main parts of the tasks of
elephants is the hard white
substance use to make
carvings and billiards balls. In
the home of some well to do
families in the Philippines,
faces and hands of images
of saints are made of ivory.
The bodies are made of wood,
carved and painted.

27. Metals-include any of a class of elementary substances as
gold, silver or copper all of which are characterized by
capacity, ductility, conductivity and peculiar luster when
freshly fractured. Traditionally, the metals that have been
the medium for sculpture are copper, brass, bronze, gold, silver,
and lead.

28. Bronze as a material is
strong, durable and
resistant to any
atmospheric corrosion.
Brass-an alloy of
copper and zinc is
not popularly used
by artists because of
its limitations as a
medium.
Although it has
many practical
uses, brass does
not rust and it
takes a brilliant
polish.
Gold and Silver-are
used as casting
materials for small
objects like medals,
coins and pieces of
jewelry.
Because they are
quite expensive, they
are used for either
personal accessories or
religious adornments.

29. Bronze as a material is
strong, durable and
resistant to any
atmospheric corrosion.
Brass-an alloy of
copper and zinc is
not popularly used
by artists because of
its limitations as a
medium.
Although it has
many practical
uses, brass does
not rust and it
takes a brilliant
polish.
Gold and Silver-are
used as casting
materials for small
objects like medals,
coins and pieces of
jewelry.
Because they are
quite expensive, they
are used for either
personal accessories or
religious adornments.
Lead-a bluish gray metal is used for
casting and forging. With the help of
a welding torch iron, it can be
worked into a variety of unique and
exciting forms.
Plaster–is a composition of lime, sand
and water. It works on an
armature of metal wires and rods
in addition to various materials
and fibers. This is applied on
walls and ceilings and allowed to
harden and dry.

30. Bronze as a material is
strong, durable and
resistant to any
atmospheric corrosion.
Brass-an alloy of
copper and zinc is
not popularly used
by artists because of
its limitations as a
medium.
Although it has
many practical
uses, brass does
not rust and it
takes a brilliant
polish.
Gold and Silver-are
used as casting
materials for small
objects like medals,
coins and pieces of
jewelry.
Because they are
quite expensive, they
are used for either
personal accessories or
religious adornments.
Clay-is a natural earthy material that has
the nature of plasticity when wet,
consisting essentially of hydrated silicates
of aluminum used for making bricks and
ceramics.
Wood-as a medium is perhaps easier to
carve than any other mediums available
because it can be intricately carved and
subjected into a variety of treatment
not possible with stone.