This document provides an introduction to basic chemistry concepts. It defines key terms like molecule, atom, element, and compound. It explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the element, and differences in neutrons create isotopes. Electrons orbit the nucleus, held together by electrostatic attraction between protons and electrons. Common elements in the human body are identified by mass and atomic proportion. Atoms differ in size based on their number of protons and neutrons. This influences their chemical properties and reactivity.
This topic was quite boring especially now that we are in an online class. What I did was I make it an interactive lesson wherein some of my learners will play the role also using their own name. all throughout the class, they will read the part of their role. This approach in this topic was very effective.
This topic was quite boring especially now that we are in an online class. What I did was I make it an interactive lesson wherein some of my learners will play the role also using their own name. all throughout the class, they will read the part of their role. This approach in this topic was very effective.
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)Simple ABbieC
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)Simple ABbieC
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
This is the second session of the food science basics course developed by foodcrumbles.com. This session focusses on food chemistry. We'll be discussing atoms, molecules, drawing of molecules and the most prevaltent molecules in food (carbohydrates, fats & proteins).
The course sessions are meant for those with a limited background in food science but with an interest in improving their understanding of food. For example: food bloggers, professionals in the food industry, (high school) students and chefs.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Brief Introduction to
Chemistry- Part 1
Dr. Mark A. McGinley
Professor, Head of Science Unit
Core Curriculum and General Education Office
Lingnan University
2. Questions to Think About
• What makes up the human body?
• What is found outside of the body?
• What is found inside of the body
• How are bones and hair different?
• What makes bones and hair different?
3. Chemical Structure of Two Proteins
collagen keratin
How are the two structures different?
4. Be careful- capitalizing chemical names
• Decided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC)
http://www.iupac.org/
• The names of chemicals are not capitalized except when they are the first
words in a sentence.
• I like to eat sucrose. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
• Sucrose may rot my teeth. Plants require carbon dioxide.
• For more information about writing more complex scientific names check
out the following link
• http://expertedge.aje.com/2013/12/03/editing-tip-of-the-week-
capitalization-of-chemical-compounds/
6. Time to Think!!
• How are these two sugars the same?
• How are they different?
7. Think Hierarchically
• World
• Asia
• China
• Hong Kong
• New Territories
• Tuen Mun
• Lingnan University
• Chemistry and Society Class
• You
8. Simple Definitions
• Molecule
• A molecule is the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the
chemical properties of that element or compound. Molecules are made up of atom s
that are held together by chemical bonds.
• Atom
• A unit of matter; the smallest unit of a chemical element.
• Chemical Element
• A chemical element is a substance that contains only one type of atom.
An element is the smallest amount of a substance that can still keep its properties.
• Chemical compound (compound)
• A substance made up of more than one element
9. Hierarchical Thinking Very Important In
Chemistry
• Molecules are made up of atoms
• Compounds are made up of elements
• Which are larger- molecules or atoms?
11. Back to These Two Sugars
• glucose • fructose
What differences do you notice between
the different atoms?
12. Combine glucose and fructose- sucrose
How is sucrose different from glucose and sucrose?
13. Back to your body
• We can characterize the composition of your body either by mass composition.
For average 70 kg male
mass (kg) % of mass
Oxygen 43.0 65.0
Carbon 16.0 16.0
Hydrogen 7.0 10.0
Nitrogen 1.8 3.0
Calcium 1.0 1.4
Phosphorous 0.8 1.1
> 96 %
14. Your body
• Can also characterize your body by the atomic composition
• A 70 kg male will have 7 x 1027 atoms and at least 60 different elements, about 29 of
which are biologically important
% of atoms
Oxygen 24.0
Carbon 12.0
Hydrogen 62.0
Nitrogen 1.1
Calcium 0.2
Phosphorous 0.2
15. Compare your body’s mass and atomic
composition
% of atoms % of mass
Oxygen 24.0 65.0
Carbon 12.0 16.0
Hydrogen 62.0 10.0
Nitrogen 1.1 3.0
Calcium 0.2 1.4
Phosphorous 0.2 1.1
16.
17. Time to Think Some More
• What do these differences mean?
18. Question
• Are atoms the smallest particles in the universe?
• No
• Atoms are made up of “sub-atomic” particles
• Protons, neutrons, electrons
19. Why do Atoms Have Different Sizes?
• Think about possible reasons that atoms could have different sizes.
• What you are doing is now is coming up with different scientific hypotheses
• Hypothesis- idea about how the world works
• (I can think of at least two alternative hypotheses)
20. Different Elements are Defined by the
Number of Protons They Contain
• 1 proton- Hydrogen
• 2 protons- Helium
• 3 protons- Lithium
• 4 protons- Beryllium
• 5 protons – Boron
• 6 protons- Carbon
• 7 protons- Nitrogen
• 8- protons- Oxygen
21. What is Found in Atoms?
• Protons, neutrons, and electrons
• Protons- relatively heavy, positively charged
• Neutrons- relatively heavy, no charged
• Electrons- very, very light, negatively charge
22. More Info About Atoms
• Protons and neutrons are found in the center of the atom in a region
known as the nucleus.
• Electrons move, “orbiting” around the nucleus.
• Each element contains the same number of protons and electrons
• Because protons have + charge and electrons have – charge, atoms have no
electric charge (neutral)
23. More Info About Atoms
• Elements often contain the same number of neutrons as protons, but
not always
• The same element (defined by # of protons) can have different
numbers of neutrons
• Known as isotopes
• Important when we discuss nuclear energy
24. What holds protons and electrons together?
• What else do you know of that “orbits”?
• What holds those together?
26. What Holds Electrons and Protons Together?
Very, probably overly simplistic, answer
• Electrons and protons held together by attraction between negative
charge of electrons and positive charge of the proton
• Remember, opposite charges attract
• The more accurate answer to this question is quite interesting, but
much more complex than we need to worry about now. For more
info check out
• What holds the nucleus together?
• http://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/2010/07/16/what-holds-the-
nucleus-together/
30. More Fun Facts About Atoms
• Mass
• Neutron = 1.6749286*10-27 kg
Proton = 1.6726231*10-27 kg
Electron = 9.1093897*10-31 kg
• Relative Mass
• Neutron = 1
Proton = 0.99862349
Electron = 0.00054386734
32. Atoms are of different sizes because they contain
different numbers of protons and neutrons.
Hydrogen atom- 1 proton Carbon atom- 6 protons, 6 neutrons
33. Why does this matter?
• The size of atoms and the number of electrons influences their
characteristics and how they react with other atoms.
• This will be a major topic we discuss for the rest of the course.
34. Intended Learning Outcomes
• 1. Be able to define important chemical and scientific terms including
• Molecule, atom, chemical element, chemical compound, proton, neutron, electron,
and
• 2. List the most abundant elements in the human body by weight and by
atomic proportion and discuss the implications of the differences between
the two lists.
• 3. Discuss the differences in the properties of the three sub-atomic
particles.
• 4. Describe what holds the electrons and the protons together in an atom.
• 5. Draw a simple visualization of an atom and correctly identify the correct
parts in the correct locations.