Brianna DeBois CH9
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This document discusses five diagnostic procedures and treatments for the urinary system: cystoscopy (Cysto), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) testing, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde pyelogram (RP), and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). It provides a brief overview of each procedure and its purpose in diagnosing or treating urinary system issues.
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Brianna DeBois CH 9
The document discusses five diagnostic procedures and treatments for the urinary system: cystoscopy (Cysto), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) testing, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde pyelogram (RP), and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Cystoscopy involves inserting a cystoscope into the urethra to detect issues. BUN testing analyzes a blood sample for kidney function. ESWL uses ultrasound to break up stones. RP uses x-rays and dye to visualize blockages. VCUG inserts dye and takes x-rays to diagnose infections or other issues.
Haematuria
This document discusses various urethral and prostatic causes of hematuria and urinary symptoms. It covers urethral stones, tumors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. For each condition, it describes clinical features, investigations, and treatment approaches. Common complications include urinary retention, obstruction, and infection. Diagnostic tests include urine analysis, ultrasound, and biopsy. Management involves procedures like lithotripsy, transurethral resection of the prostate, and drugs.
Urinary system presentation
The document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs), their symptoms, and diagnostic tests. It notes that UTIs most commonly involve the bladder and urethra, with symptoms like burning during urination. It describes tests like BUN, KUB X-ray, and urine analysis that can help diagnose UTIs and kidney problems. The document also discusses acute kidney failure (ARF) which occurs when the kidneys suddenly can't filter waste, and chronic renal failure (CRF) which is a gradual loss of kidney function over time.
GUTB
Tuberculoma lesions most commonly form in the upper pole of the kidney and enlarge, rupturing into neighboring calyces and discharging caseous material. This distorts the calyx, causing irregularities on papillae surfaces. Early signs include a "moth-eaten" appearance to the calyx. Irregular tracts then form from the calyx to papilla. Large irregular cavities with extensive destruction can result from papillary necrosis. Cavitation within the renal parenchyma may appear as irregular pools of contrast material on imaging.
IMAGING IN HEMATURIA
TYPES
CAUSES
VARIOUS PROTOCOLS
IMAGING MODALITIES – XRAY
IVU
USG
CT
MRI
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
INTERVENTIONS
SUMMARY
Module 9 urinary system
ESWL uses shock waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces that can pass through the urinary tract. A UTI is caused by bacterial infection entering through the urethra, causing painful urination and other symptoms, and is diagnosed via urinalysis and treated with antibiotics. ARF is the sudden loss of kidney function within 48 hours that prevents waste filtration, due to issues with blood flow, kidney damage, or urinary tract blockage, diagnosed via urine output and blood tests and treated by managing fluids and diet. CRF is a progressive worsening of kidney disease over time that causes waste buildup, diagnosed via blood tests and imaging, and treated by controlling underlying causes and performing dialysis or transplant if
Haematuria causes and evaluation
HELLO FRIENDS HERE CAUSES OF HEMATURIA IS HERE MANAGEMENT IN NEXT PRESENTATION ...YOU CAN SEE AND SUBSCRIBE OVER YOU TUBE ...LEARN UROLOGY IS CHANNEL NAME
FOLLOW THE YOU TUBE CHANNEL FOR FUTURE UROLOGY VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCINcUe475Y3c3BvXHvZ8wEw
Renal calculi
This document discusses renal calculi (kidney stones). It defines renal calculi as solid pieces of material that form in the urinary tract. It then discusses the etiology, risk factors, types, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, medical management, and surgical management of kidney stones. The key points are that kidney stones are usually caused by crystallization of substances in the urine, like calcium oxalate, and can cause pain, infection, and potentially kidney damage if not treated properly through measures like increased fluid intake, medications to dissolve stones, or surgical procedures like lithotripsy to break up stones.
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Brianna DeBois CH 9
The document discusses five diagnostic procedures and treatments for the urinary system: cystoscopy (Cysto), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) testing, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde pyelogram (RP), and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Cystoscopy involves inserting a cystoscope into the urethra to detect issues. BUN testing analyzes a blood sample for kidney function. ESWL uses ultrasound to break up stones. RP uses x-rays and dye to visualize blockages. VCUG inserts dye and takes x-rays to diagnose infections or other issues.
Haematuria
This document discusses various urethral and prostatic causes of hematuria and urinary symptoms. It covers urethral stones, tumors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. For each condition, it describes clinical features, investigations, and treatment approaches. Common complications include urinary retention, obstruction, and infection. Diagnostic tests include urine analysis, ultrasound, and biopsy. Management involves procedures like lithotripsy, transurethral resection of the prostate, and drugs.
Urinary system presentation
The document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs), their symptoms, and diagnostic tests. It notes that UTIs most commonly involve the bladder and urethra, with symptoms like burning during urination. It describes tests like BUN, KUB X-ray, and urine analysis that can help diagnose UTIs and kidney problems. The document also discusses acute kidney failure (ARF) which occurs when the kidneys suddenly can't filter waste, and chronic renal failure (CRF) which is a gradual loss of kidney function over time.
GUTB
Tuberculoma lesions most commonly form in the upper pole of the kidney and enlarge, rupturing into neighboring calyces and discharging caseous material. This distorts the calyx, causing irregularities on papillae surfaces. Early signs include a "moth-eaten" appearance to the calyx. Irregular tracts then form from the calyx to papilla. Large irregular cavities with extensive destruction can result from papillary necrosis. Cavitation within the renal parenchyma may appear as irregular pools of contrast material on imaging.
IMAGING IN HEMATURIA
TYPES
CAUSES
VARIOUS PROTOCOLS
IMAGING MODALITIES – XRAY
IVU
USG
CT
MRI
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
INTERVENTIONS
SUMMARY
Module 9 urinary system
ESWL uses shock waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces that can pass through the urinary tract. A UTI is caused by bacterial infection entering through the urethra, causing painful urination and other symptoms, and is diagnosed via urinalysis and treated with antibiotics. ARF is the sudden loss of kidney function within 48 hours that prevents waste filtration, due to issues with blood flow, kidney damage, or urinary tract blockage, diagnosed via urine output and blood tests and treated by managing fluids and diet. CRF is a progressive worsening of kidney disease over time that causes waste buildup, diagnosed via blood tests and imaging, and treated by controlling underlying causes and performing dialysis or transplant if
Haematuria causes and evaluation
HELLO FRIENDS HERE CAUSES OF HEMATURIA IS HERE MANAGEMENT IN NEXT PRESENTATION ...YOU CAN SEE AND SUBSCRIBE OVER YOU TUBE ...LEARN UROLOGY IS CHANNEL NAME
FOLLOW THE YOU TUBE CHANNEL FOR FUTURE UROLOGY VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCINcUe475Y3c3BvXHvZ8wEw
Renal calculi
This document discusses renal calculi (kidney stones). It defines renal calculi as solid pieces of material that form in the urinary tract. It then discusses the etiology, risk factors, types, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, medical management, and surgical management of kidney stones. The key points are that kidney stones are usually caused by crystallization of substances in the urine, like calcium oxalate, and can cause pain, infection, and potentially kidney damage if not treated properly through measures like increased fluid intake, medications to dissolve stones, or surgical procedures like lithotripsy to break up stones.
Haematuria as a symptom
Blood in urine is known as haematuria. It can be visible or non-visible. There are many causes for this. It is essential to differentiate haematuria from other causes of red colour in urine.
Hematuria
Hematuria is defined as the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine. It can be macroscopic (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic. Common causes include urinary tract infections, kidney diseases, cancers, and stones. A urinalysis and urine culture can help identify infection, while imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, and cystoscopy can locate any abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. Further blood tests may also indicate underlying conditions. Hematuria is investigated through examination of urine and imaging of the urinary tract to diagnose the cause.
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Approach to hematuria - general
1) A 65-year old male presented with red discoloration of urine for 2 weeks with no pain or urinary symptoms and a history of smoking 40 cigarettes per day for 40 years.
2) Hematuria can be gross (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic (detected only under microscope). Microscopic hematuria is defined as >3 red blood cells per high powered field on a urine specimen.
3) Evaluation of hematuria includes urine analysis, urine culture, renal function tests, cystoscopy, and imaging tests depending on results to determine urological or glomerular cause and rule out malignancy given the patient's risk factors.
Hematuria for undergraduates
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this is a presentation i prepared for medical students about hematuria, hope u like it
for more urology resources visit:
www.uronotes2012.blogspot.com
GEMC: Evaluation of Hematuria
This is a lecture from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative (GEMC). To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc.
Heamaturia 2
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can be caused by surgical or medical conditions affecting the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra or other organs. A thorough history, physical exam, urinalysis and additional imaging tests are needed to determine the cause, as the degree of hematuria does not always correlate with severity of disease. Common causes include infections, stones, tumors, trauma, and systemic diseases affecting blood coagulation. Further tests such as ultrasound, IVU, cystoscopy and urinary cytology help evaluate the urinary tract and identify any abnormalities.
Haematuria in Primary Care
This document summarizes guidelines for evaluating and managing hematuria (blood in the urine). It discusses different types of hematuria and criteria for determining if hematuria is significant enough to warrant further investigation or referral. Imaging tests like CT scans are typically most accurate for detection of potential causes of hematuria like cancers or stones. Cystoscopy may be indicated depending on a patient's age and risk factors. Long term monitoring is recommended for unexplained hematuria.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the urinary system, including common pathologies like urinary tract infections (UTIs), acute renal failure (ARF), and chronic renal failure (CRF). It describes the organs of the urinary system, symptoms and causes of UTIs, the urine culture test, and treatments for ARF like dialysis and preventing infection. CRF is defined as the slow loss of kidney function over time, with diabetes and high blood pressure as leading causes.
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The document discusses various medical imaging and procedures related to the urinary system. KUB refers to imaging of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Cystoscopy involves endoscopy of the bladder through the urethra. ESWL uses shock waves to non-invasively treat kidney stones. UTI stands for urinary tract infection which is a bacterial infection of any part of the urinary tract that causes frequent urination and pain. RP refers to retrograde pyelogram where contrast is injected into the ureter to image the ureter and kidney.
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The document summarizes several common diagnostic procedures for the urinary system:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) tests measure nitrogen levels in the blood to evaluate kidney function. A urine culture examines a urine sample for bacteria that may be causing a urinary tract infection. A Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) x-ray produces images of the kidneys, ureters and bladder without dye. A retrograde pyelogram uses dye injected into the urethra to outline the urinary structures, while a cystoscopy visually examines the bladder using a cytoscope.
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The document provides tips for engaging audiences in 2015 and beyond, including getting organized, thinking about paid, earned, shared and owned media (PESO), choosing the right social media platforms where audiences spend time, embracing video and authenticity while not neglecting traditional channels, focusing on outcomes over outputs, and being prepared for trends like super-niche audiences, wearable tech, and use of data. The document encourages organizations to have a communications strategy that considers these tips in order to effectively engage and achieve their objectives.
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Haematuria as a symptom
Blood in urine is known as haematuria. It can be visible or non-visible. There are many causes for this. It is essential to differentiate haematuria from other causes of red colour in urine.
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Hematuria is defined as the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine. It can be macroscopic (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic. Common causes include urinary tract infections, kidney diseases, cancers, and stones. A urinalysis and urine culture can help identify infection, while imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, and cystoscopy can locate any abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. Further blood tests may also indicate underlying conditions. Hematuria is investigated through examination of urine and imaging of the urinary tract to diagnose the cause.
Hepatoblastoma - imaging findings
Brief description of typical imaging findings in hepatoblastoma.
From From Merrow AC Jr. Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatrics. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2017.
Approach to hematuria - general
1) A 65-year old male presented with red discoloration of urine for 2 weeks with no pain or urinary symptoms and a history of smoking 40 cigarettes per day for 40 years.
2) Hematuria can be gross (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic (detected only under microscope). Microscopic hematuria is defined as >3 red blood cells per high powered field on a urine specimen.
3) Evaluation of hematuria includes urine analysis, urine culture, renal function tests, cystoscopy, and imaging tests depending on results to determine urological or glomerular cause and rule out malignancy given the patient's risk factors.
Hematuria for undergraduates
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this is a presentation i prepared for medical students about hematuria, hope u like it
for more urology resources visit:
www.uronotes2012.blogspot.com
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This is a lecture from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative (GEMC). To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc.
Heamaturia 2
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can be caused by surgical or medical conditions affecting the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra or other organs. A thorough history, physical exam, urinalysis and additional imaging tests are needed to determine the cause, as the degree of hematuria does not always correlate with severity of disease. Common causes include infections, stones, tumors, trauma, and systemic diseases affecting blood coagulation. Further tests such as ultrasound, IVU, cystoscopy and urinary cytology help evaluate the urinary tract and identify any abnormalities.
Haematuria in Primary Care
This document summarizes guidelines for evaluating and managing hematuria (blood in the urine). It discusses different types of hematuria and criteria for determining if hematuria is significant enough to warrant further investigation or referral. Imaging tests like CT scans are typically most accurate for detection of potential causes of hematuria like cancers or stones. Cystoscopy may be indicated depending on a patient's age and risk factors. Long term monitoring is recommended for unexplained hematuria.
Mrcp Radiology
This document discusses Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), a non-invasive MRI technique used to investigate biliary and pancreatic pathologies. It works by exploiting the inherent differences in T2-weighted contrast between fluid-filled structures and soft tissue. Static or slow moving fluids within the biliary tree and pancreatic duct appear as high signal intensity on MRCP, while surrounding tissue has reduced signal intensity. The document outlines the MRCP technique, imaging parameters, indications including biliary and pancreatic diseases, advantages over ERCP, and some pitfalls.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
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The document summarizes several common diagnostic procedures for the urinary system:
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The document provides tips for engaging audiences in 2015 and beyond, including getting organized, thinking about paid, earned, shared and owned media (PESO), choosing the right social media platforms where audiences spend time, embracing video and authenticity while not neglecting traditional channels, focusing on outcomes over outputs, and being prepared for trends like super-niche audiences, wearable tech, and use of data. The document encourages organizations to have a communications strategy that considers these tips in order to effectively engage and achieve their objectives.
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Let's drop the term social media - it's just communication and there is good communication and bad communication.
Different channels for different messages and different audiences.
When people say 'Social media expert' I say 'Charlatan'
To Gen-Z coming through you may as well say "I'm an expert in breathing oxygen!"
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Cystoscopy and uretroscopy are examinations of the bladder and upper urinary tract respectively. Cystoscopy involves inserting a cystoscope through the urethra to examine the bladder. Similarly, uretroscopy uses a uretroscope to examine the ureters and kidneys. Reasons for these procedures include urinary issues like infections, blood in the urine, or abnormal growths. Patients may experience mild side effects after like burning during urination but risks are low. Both procedures provide important diagnostic information.
Diagonstic Procedures and test in gastroenterology
Endoscopy refers to medical procedures that use an endoscope to examine the inside of a body cavity or organ. Some common types of endoscopy include gastroscopy, colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and bronchoscopy. Endoscopy allows physicians to visually examine the interior of organs and tissues, and to perform procedures such as biopsy, polyp removal, and treatment of abnormal growths. Potential risks include infection, bleeding, perforation of organs, and reactions to sedatives used during procedures. Preparation may involve fasting beforehand, and post-procedure recovery typically involves monitoring for complications. Endoscopy is used to diagnose conditions like ulcers, inflammation, tumors, and to investigate unexplained symptoms.
Urological investigations
This document discusses various urological investigations including radiological investigations like renal ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound, scrotal ultrasound, intravenous urogram, retrograde ureteropyelography, and non-radiological investigations like urine analysis, urine cytology, and urodynamic studies. Flexible ureterorenoscopy allows visualization of the ureters and renal pelvis while rigid cystoscopy is better for detecting lesions that may require resection. Together these investigations help evaluate issues like hematuria, urinary tract infections, and voiding symptoms.
Benign prostatic enlargement
Benign prostatic enlargement is a common condition in aging men that causes the prostate gland to enlarge and squeeze the urethra, slowing urine flow. It has no known cause but risk increases with age. Symptoms include frequent and urgent urination. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like PSA. Treatment options include medications to shrink the prostate, surgery to remove parts of it, or procedures using heat therapy. Nursing care focuses on monitoring urine output, preventing infection, and teaching patients self-care.
Urinary system
The document discusses the urinary system and various procedures related to it. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to remove waste from the body and regulate water and electrolyte levels. Catheterization involves inserting a catheter into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine for various medical reasons. Cystoscopy uses a thin scope to examine the bladder and urethra to detect abnormalities. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uses shock waves to break up kidney stones so they can pass through the urinary system.
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Brianna DeBois CH9
- 1. Urinary System Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments Brianna DeBois
- 2. Introduction Discuss five Urinary System diagnostic procedures and treatments and their abbreviations Cysto: Cystoscopy BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen ESWL: Extracoporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy RP: Retrograde Pyelogram VCUG: Voiding Cystourethrography
- 3. Cysto: Cystoscopy 5-10 minute procedure in which cystoscope is inserted into the urethra Used to detect blood in the urine, urinary tract infection, detect cancer Can also be used to treat small tumors in the urethra
- 4. BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen Venipuncture is used to obtain a blood sample Blood is checked for abnormal levels of urea nitrogen in blood Urea Nitrogren is a byproduct of protein breakdown Normal levels are 6-20mg/dl High levels could mean kidney failure
- 5. ESWL: Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy Non-invasive procedure used to breakup kidney, bladder or ureter stones Ultra-sonic waves are used to break apart stones into smaller bits Sometimes a stent is used to widen the ureter to let bigger stones pass
- 6. RP: Retrograde Pyelogram Use of X-ray and contrast dye to visualize the bladders, ureters, and renal pelvis Used to identify blockages Dye is injected with cystoscope through urethra
- 7. VCUG: Voiding Cystourethrography Constrast dye is inserted into the urethra X-ray images are taken at several angles while the bladder is being voided Used to diagnose urinary tract infections, urethra narrowing, or urinary reflux