The urinary system
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The urinary system filters waste from the blood and removes it from the body via the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It also regulates water and electrolyte levels and pH. Common abbreviations used when discussing the urinary system include KUB for kidney-ureter-bladder x-ray, RP for retrograde pyelogram procedure, UTI for urinary tract infection, BUN for blood urea nitrogen test, and cysto for cystoscopy. Cystoscopy uses an endoscope inserted into the urethra to examine the bladder.
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Diagnostic Procedures Of The Urinary System
The document summarizes several common diagnostic procedures for the urinary system:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) tests measure nitrogen levels in the blood to evaluate kidney function. A urine culture examines a urine sample for bacteria that may be causing a urinary tract infection. A Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) x-ray produces images of the kidneys, ureters and bladder without dye. A retrograde pyelogram uses dye injected into the urethra to outline the urinary structures, while a cystoscopy visually examines the bladder using a cytoscope.
5 Abbreviations Regarding Urinary System
The document discusses 5 common abbreviations related to the urinary system: BNO (bladder neck obstruction), Cath (catheterization), CC (clean catch urine specimen), EU (excretory urography), and UTI (urinary tract infection). It provides details on each abbreviation, including causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and prevention methods. The abbreviations cover various conditions and procedures involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Complications are also outlined, such as infections from catheterization.
Urinary system abbreviations
The urinary system regulates fluid balance and produces hormones. The kidneys metabolize vitamin D and gluconeogenesis during fasting. Medical abbreviations are used by healthcare professionals to efficiently record patient data. Some common urinary system abbreviations are Cath. for catheterization, Cysto. for cystoscopy, UTI for urinary tract infection, and RP for retrograde pyelogram. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a blood test that measures kidney function.
Gb nd biliary tree imaging
This document discusses imaging modalities for evaluating obstructive jaundice and biliary pathologies. It describes the role of various imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI/MRCP, and ERCP in identifying the level and cause of biliary obstruction. Common causes of obstruction include gallstones, strictures, pancreatitis, and malignancies. Rare causes like choledochal cysts, Caroli's disease, and biliary atresia are also reviewed. The document provides an overview of the appearance of different biliary diseases on imaging and guidelines for selecting the appropriate imaging test.
Imaging of cystic duct
This document discusses the normal anatomy and variations of the cystic duct, as well as disease processes that can involve the cystic duct. Key points:
- The cystic duct normally measures 2-4 cm in length and connects the gallbladder to the extrahepatic bile duct. It contains spiral valves and exhibits variations in insertion point and course.
- Disease processes like gallstones, Mirizzi syndrome, and fistulas can cause cystic duct obstruction or compression. Imaging like MRCP and ERCP can identify stones or other abnormalities.
- Variations in cystic duct anatomy can cause surgical challenges or be mistaken for other entities on imaging. Optimal imaging techniques and patient positioning are important for accurate diagnosis.
The biliary tract
1. The gallbladder can be divided into three parts and lacks two layers. It may also have congenital anomalies.
2. Common gallbladder disorders include cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.
3. Extrahepatic bile duct disorders include stones, infections, and atresia in infants.
4. Tumors of the biliary tract include both benign and malignant types such as adenomas and adenocarcinomas.
hepatobiliary imaging anatomy, Radiology
This document discusses the radiological anatomy of the hepatobiliary system and imaging modalities used to evaluate it. It describes the normal anatomy and variants of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts and vascular structures. Common developmental anomalies and variants are outlined, along with the embryological development of the biliary tract. A brief overview is provided of various imaging modalities used to evaluate the hepatobiliary system including ultrasound, CT, MRI, angiography and scintigraphy. Specific imaging findings and applications are highlighted.
Disorders of urinary system
a urinary system
the function of the urinary system
nephritis
treatment
drug safe for use
urinary incontinence
Recommended
Diagnostic Procedures Of The Urinary System
The document summarizes several common diagnostic procedures for the urinary system:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) tests measure nitrogen levels in the blood to evaluate kidney function. A urine culture examines a urine sample for bacteria that may be causing a urinary tract infection. A Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder (KUB) x-ray produces images of the kidneys, ureters and bladder without dye. A retrograde pyelogram uses dye injected into the urethra to outline the urinary structures, while a cystoscopy visually examines the bladder using a cytoscope.
5 Abbreviations Regarding Urinary System
The document discusses 5 common abbreviations related to the urinary system: BNO (bladder neck obstruction), Cath (catheterization), CC (clean catch urine specimen), EU (excretory urography), and UTI (urinary tract infection). It provides details on each abbreviation, including causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and prevention methods. The abbreviations cover various conditions and procedures involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Complications are also outlined, such as infections from catheterization.
Urinary system abbreviations
The urinary system regulates fluid balance and produces hormones. The kidneys metabolize vitamin D and gluconeogenesis during fasting. Medical abbreviations are used by healthcare professionals to efficiently record patient data. Some common urinary system abbreviations are Cath. for catheterization, Cysto. for cystoscopy, UTI for urinary tract infection, and RP for retrograde pyelogram. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a blood test that measures kidney function.
Gb nd biliary tree imaging
This document discusses imaging modalities for evaluating obstructive jaundice and biliary pathologies. It describes the role of various imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI/MRCP, and ERCP in identifying the level and cause of biliary obstruction. Common causes of obstruction include gallstones, strictures, pancreatitis, and malignancies. Rare causes like choledochal cysts, Caroli's disease, and biliary atresia are also reviewed. The document provides an overview of the appearance of different biliary diseases on imaging and guidelines for selecting the appropriate imaging test.
Imaging of cystic duct
This document discusses the normal anatomy and variations of the cystic duct, as well as disease processes that can involve the cystic duct. Key points:
- The cystic duct normally measures 2-4 cm in length and connects the gallbladder to the extrahepatic bile duct. It contains spiral valves and exhibits variations in insertion point and course.
- Disease processes like gallstones, Mirizzi syndrome, and fistulas can cause cystic duct obstruction or compression. Imaging like MRCP and ERCP can identify stones or other abnormalities.
- Variations in cystic duct anatomy can cause surgical challenges or be mistaken for other entities on imaging. Optimal imaging techniques and patient positioning are important for accurate diagnosis.
The biliary tract
1. The gallbladder can be divided into three parts and lacks two layers. It may also have congenital anomalies.
2. Common gallbladder disorders include cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.
3. Extrahepatic bile duct disorders include stones, infections, and atresia in infants.
4. Tumors of the biliary tract include both benign and malignant types such as adenomas and adenocarcinomas.
hepatobiliary imaging anatomy, Radiology
This document discusses the radiological anatomy of the hepatobiliary system and imaging modalities used to evaluate it. It describes the normal anatomy and variants of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts and vascular structures. Common developmental anomalies and variants are outlined, along with the embryological development of the biliary tract. A brief overview is provided of various imaging modalities used to evaluate the hepatobiliary system including ultrasound, CT, MRI, angiography and scintigraphy. Specific imaging findings and applications are highlighted.
Disorders of urinary system
a urinary system
the function of the urinary system
nephritis
treatment
drug safe for use
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Investigation of Biliary Tract
This document provides information on the hepatobiliary system and various imaging modalities used to evaluate it. It begins with an overview of ultrasound, CT, MRI, ERCP, and nuclear medicine techniques. Key anatomical structures such as the bile ducts and their drainage patterns are described. Various imaging protocols for MRCP, CT cholangiography, and secretin-enhanced MRCP are outlined. Advantages and limitations of different modalities like ERCP are also discussed.
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The document discusses diseases of the biliary tract, including anatomy, investigations, classifications of gallstones, formation of gallstones, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Key points are:
1) The Calot's triangle is an important area for dissection during cholecystectomy due to structures within it.
2) Ultrasound is a first-choice, non-invasive investigation for biliary tract diseases that can detect gallstones and duct dilation.
3) Cholesterol stones are now more common than pigment stones in China, and form due to supersaturation of bile with cholesterol.
4) Symptoms include biliary colic, and treatment is typically surgery for symptomatic or complicated
P T C
A PTC involves inserting a needle through the liver and into the bile ducts under fluoroscopy to inject contrast media and examine the biliary ducts for abnormalities or blockages. It is used for patients with obstructive jaundice suspected to be caused by gallstones or strictures to potentially remove stones or drain the bile ducts. Patients must not eat or drink before the exam and the radiologist must have equipment like fluoroscopy, needles, and contrast media.
Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy and uretroscopy are examinations of the bladder and upper urinary tract respectively. Cystoscopy involves inserting a cystoscope through the urethra to examine the bladder. Similarly, uretroscopy uses a uretroscope to examine the ureters and kidneys. Reasons for these procedures include urinary issues like infections, blood in the urine, or abnormal growths. Patients may experience mild side effects after like burning during urination but risks are low. Both procedures provide important diagnostic information.
Bailiary system notes
This document provides guidance on ultrasound evaluation of the gallbladder and bile ducts. It discusses techniques for imaging the gallbladder and adjacent structures. Proper fasting is important for optimal visualization of the gallbladder. Anatomic variants like folds and septations are reviewed. Relationship of the bile ducts to surrounding vessels is described. Pitfalls in identifying the bile ducts versus other tubular structures are addressed.
Omgb
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac located in the liver that receives, concentrates, and stores bile from the liver. It has a volume of 35-50 ml and thickness of 1-2 mm. During embryonic development, it forms from the ventral bud of the foregut around week 4 and gives rise to the cystic diverticulum which forms the gallbladder and cystic duct. Congenital anomalies include agenesis, hypoplasia, microgallbladder, cysts, diverticula, and heterotopic or abnormal positions of the gallbladder.
Urinary system
The document discusses the urinary system and various procedures related to it. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to remove waste from the body and regulate water and electrolyte levels. Catheterization involves inserting a catheter into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine for various medical reasons. Cystoscopy uses a thin scope to examine the bladder and urethra to detect abnormalities. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uses shock waves to break up kidney stones so they can pass through the urinary system.
Imaging in urology: part 1 kub & ivp
Imaging in urology: part 1 kub & ivp
by Ahmad Al-Sabbagh & revised by M.A. Wadood
sorry, previous upload was unsuccessful
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This document describes the normal anatomy of the gallbladder and biliary tract, as well as common anatomical variations and anomalies. It discusses the normal divisions and structures of the gallbladder and cystic duct. It then covers several anomalies including agenesis of the gallbladder, gallbladder duplication, wandering gallbladder, gallbladder torsion, and variations in gallbladder shape. The document also discusses ectopic locations of the gallbladder and variations in cystic duct insertion and bile duct anatomy.
Radioanatomy of biliary system
This document provides an overview of the radiographic anatomy of the biliary system. It begins by describing the development, parts, and drainage patterns of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts. The cystic duct and its variants are discussed. Imaging appearances on ultrasound, CT, and MRCP are presented. Anatomic variants and congenital anomalies of the gallbladder and biliary tree are reviewed. These include agenesis, duplication, bilobed, wandering, and ectopic gallbladders.
Medicaltermch.9 3
The document defines and describes several medical terms and tests:
BUN and creatinine tests measure kidney function by detecting levels of waste products in the blood. A urinary catheter is a flexible tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine, and is often used when someone can't empty their bladder normally or has an obstruction. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder where blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged, allowing protein to leak from the blood into the urine and cause edema.
Congenital anamalies of biliary system aryaja
This document discusses various congenital anomalies of the biliary system. It describes abnormalities that can occur in the gallbladder, hepatic ducts, cystic duct, arteries, and other structures. Some key points include:
- The gallbladder may be absent, duplicated, located on the left side, or intrahepatic.
- Accessory hepatic ducts occur in around 15% of cases.
- Variations can occur in the origins of the cystic and hepatic arteries.
- The cystic duct can drain into various locations and have other anomalies.
- Choledochal cysts are cystic dilations that can affect different parts of the biliary tree.
- Congenital biliary at
Biliary system anatomy,physiology & investigations
This document provides an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and investigations of the biliary system. It describes in detail the anatomy of structures including the gallbladder, cystic duct, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, and sphincter of Oddi. Key aspects of biliary system physiology such as enterohepatic circulation and defects that can occur are summarized. Common investigations for evaluating the biliary system including blood tests, imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI, and functional studies like HIDA scan are covered in brief.
Billiary tract
Dr Bhanupriya Singh discusses various diseases of the biliary tract. The document begins by describing the anatomy of the biliary tract and related structures. It then covers imaging findings, variants, and diseases seen on MRCP. Various pathologies are discussed such as gallstones, cholangitis, choledochal cysts, Caroli disease, and hydatid cysts. Treatment options for conditions like cholangiocarcinoma are also summarized.
Gb hbt
The gallbladder and biliary system functions to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. The gallbladder receives bile from the liver via the hepatic ducts and cystic duct and contracts to deliver it to the small intestine in response to food. Gallstones may form from changes in bile composition and can cause various clinical syndromes like cholecystitis, cholangitis, or gallstone ileus. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like ultrasound or CT, and procedures like ERCP or MRCP. Treatment depends on the syndrome but typically involves laparoscopic cholecystectomy or other procedures to remove stones and ensure duct patency.
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This document provides an overview of nursing interventions for patients with genitourinary disorders. It begins with a review of kidney anatomy and physiology, including nephron structure and urine formation processes. Common tests for assessing kidney function are outlined, such as renal function tests, urinalysis, and diagnostic imaging. Electrolyte and fluid imbalances like hypovolemia, hypervolemia, hyponatremia, and hypernatremia are described along with their causes, signs/symptoms, diagnostic findings, and medical management. Nursing diagnoses and interventions are also mentioned for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in patients with genitourinary issues.
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This document discusses various diseases of the excretory system including the kidney and bladder. It covers topics such as hematuria, its causes and types. Diagnostic tests for hematuria including urine culture, ultrasound, cystoscopy, and IVU are outlined. Causes of hematuria include injuries, infections, tumors, and other medical conditions. Management depends on identifying and treating the underlying cause, and may include antibiotics, surgery, chemotherapy or other treatments. Other topics covered include horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, renal cysts, injuries to the kidney, ureteral abnormalities, and renal calculi.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, including structures like the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It describes the functions of these structures like filtration and regulation of fluids and waste. Common disorders, diagnostic tests, nursing management of issues like incontinence and retention are also covered.
Biliary System Lecture
The document provides information on disorders of the gallbladder and pancreas. It begins with learning objectives related to cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and surgical treatment of pancreatic tumors. Key topics covered include risk factors for cholelithiasis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, medical and surgical management of gallbladder disorders, and types of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Nursing implications are also discussed for various diagnostic and treatment procedures.
CYSTOSCOPY
This document outlines the indications, preparation, and procedure for urethroscopy and cystoscopy. Urethroscopy is used to inspect the urethra for strictures, diverticula, fistulas, lesions, and tumors. Cystoscopy allows for a systematic evaluation of the bladder, including the trigone, bladder neck, walls, and roof to identify tumors, trabeculations, lesions, diverticula, stones, and foreign bodies. Normal findings include a healthy bladder mucosa and ureteral orifices located within the trigonal rim that appear as slit-like indentations. Additional investigations like bladder washing may be indicated.
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The document defines several terms and procedures related to the urinary system. It discusses blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tests, retrograde pyelograms, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), catheterization, and associated risks. The purpose is to provide information on various diagnostic tests and treatments involving the urinary system.
Chapter 9 – urinary system 10.12
The document defines several terms and procedures related to the urinary system. It discusses blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tests, retrograde pyelograms, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for breaking up kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), catheterization, and related risks. The purpose is to provide information on various diagnostic tests and treatments involving the urinary system.
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Investigation of Biliary Tract
This document provides information on the hepatobiliary system and various imaging modalities used to evaluate it. It begins with an overview of ultrasound, CT, MRI, ERCP, and nuclear medicine techniques. Key anatomical structures such as the bile ducts and their drainage patterns are described. Various imaging protocols for MRCP, CT cholangiography, and secretin-enhanced MRCP are outlined. Advantages and limitations of different modalities like ERCP are also discussed.
Biliary tract
The document discusses diseases of the biliary tract, including anatomy, investigations, classifications of gallstones, formation of gallstones, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Key points are:
1) The Calot's triangle is an important area for dissection during cholecystectomy due to structures within it.
2) Ultrasound is a first-choice, non-invasive investigation for biliary tract diseases that can detect gallstones and duct dilation.
3) Cholesterol stones are now more common than pigment stones in China, and form due to supersaturation of bile with cholesterol.
4) Symptoms include biliary colic, and treatment is typically surgery for symptomatic or complicated
P T C
A PTC involves inserting a needle through the liver and into the bile ducts under fluoroscopy to inject contrast media and examine the biliary ducts for abnormalities or blockages. It is used for patients with obstructive jaundice suspected to be caused by gallstones or strictures to potentially remove stones or drain the bile ducts. Patients must not eat or drink before the exam and the radiologist must have equipment like fluoroscopy, needles, and contrast media.
Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy and uretroscopy are examinations of the bladder and upper urinary tract respectively. Cystoscopy involves inserting a cystoscope through the urethra to examine the bladder. Similarly, uretroscopy uses a uretroscope to examine the ureters and kidneys. Reasons for these procedures include urinary issues like infections, blood in the urine, or abnormal growths. Patients may experience mild side effects after like burning during urination but risks are low. Both procedures provide important diagnostic information.
Bailiary system notes
This document provides guidance on ultrasound evaluation of the gallbladder and bile ducts. It discusses techniques for imaging the gallbladder and adjacent structures. Proper fasting is important for optimal visualization of the gallbladder. Anatomic variants like folds and septations are reviewed. Relationship of the bile ducts to surrounding vessels is described. Pitfalls in identifying the bile ducts versus other tubular structures are addressed.
Omgb
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac located in the liver that receives, concentrates, and stores bile from the liver. It has a volume of 35-50 ml and thickness of 1-2 mm. During embryonic development, it forms from the ventral bud of the foregut around week 4 and gives rise to the cystic diverticulum which forms the gallbladder and cystic duct. Congenital anomalies include agenesis, hypoplasia, microgallbladder, cysts, diverticula, and heterotopic or abnormal positions of the gallbladder.
Urinary system
The document discusses the urinary system and various procedures related to it. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to remove waste from the body and regulate water and electrolyte levels. Catheterization involves inserting a catheter into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine for various medical reasons. Cystoscopy uses a thin scope to examine the bladder and urethra to detect abnormalities. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uses shock waves to break up kidney stones so they can pass through the urinary system.
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This document describes the normal anatomy of the gallbladder and biliary tract, as well as common anatomical variations and anomalies. It discusses the normal divisions and structures of the gallbladder and cystic duct. It then covers several anomalies including agenesis of the gallbladder, gallbladder duplication, wandering gallbladder, gallbladder torsion, and variations in gallbladder shape. The document also discusses ectopic locations of the gallbladder and variations in cystic duct insertion and bile duct anatomy.
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This document provides an overview of the radiographic anatomy of the biliary system. It begins by describing the development, parts, and drainage patterns of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts. The cystic duct and its variants are discussed. Imaging appearances on ultrasound, CT, and MRCP are presented. Anatomic variants and congenital anomalies of the gallbladder and biliary tree are reviewed. These include agenesis, duplication, bilobed, wandering, and ectopic gallbladders.
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The document defines and describes several medical terms and tests:
BUN and creatinine tests measure kidney function by detecting levels of waste products in the blood. A urinary catheter is a flexible tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine, and is often used when someone can't empty their bladder normally or has an obstruction. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder where blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged, allowing protein to leak from the blood into the urine and cause edema.
Congenital anamalies of biliary system aryaja
This document discusses various congenital anomalies of the biliary system. It describes abnormalities that can occur in the gallbladder, hepatic ducts, cystic duct, arteries, and other structures. Some key points include:
- The gallbladder may be absent, duplicated, located on the left side, or intrahepatic.
- Accessory hepatic ducts occur in around 15% of cases.
- Variations can occur in the origins of the cystic and hepatic arteries.
- The cystic duct can drain into various locations and have other anomalies.
- Choledochal cysts are cystic dilations that can affect different parts of the biliary tree.
- Congenital biliary at
Biliary system anatomy,physiology & investigations
This document provides an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and investigations of the biliary system. It describes in detail the anatomy of structures including the gallbladder, cystic duct, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, and sphincter of Oddi. Key aspects of biliary system physiology such as enterohepatic circulation and defects that can occur are summarized. Common investigations for evaluating the biliary system including blood tests, imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI, and functional studies like HIDA scan are covered in brief.
Billiary tract
Dr Bhanupriya Singh discusses various diseases of the biliary tract. The document begins by describing the anatomy of the biliary tract and related structures. It then covers imaging findings, variants, and diseases seen on MRCP. Various pathologies are discussed such as gallstones, cholangitis, choledochal cysts, Caroli disease, and hydatid cysts. Treatment options for conditions like cholangiocarcinoma are also summarized.
Gb hbt
The gallbladder and biliary system functions to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. The gallbladder receives bile from the liver via the hepatic ducts and cystic duct and contracts to deliver it to the small intestine in response to food. Gallstones may form from changes in bile composition and can cause various clinical syndromes like cholecystitis, cholangitis, or gallstone ileus. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like ultrasound or CT, and procedures like ERCP or MRCP. Treatment depends on the syndrome but typically involves laparoscopic cholecystectomy or other procedures to remove stones and ensure duct patency.
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This document provides an overview of nursing interventions for patients with genitourinary disorders. It begins with a review of kidney anatomy and physiology, including nephron structure and urine formation processes. Common tests for assessing kidney function are outlined, such as renal function tests, urinalysis, and diagnostic imaging. Electrolyte and fluid imbalances like hypovolemia, hypervolemia, hyponatremia, and hypernatremia are described along with their causes, signs/symptoms, diagnostic findings, and medical management. Nursing diagnoses and interventions are also mentioned for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in patients with genitourinary issues.
Diseases of excretory system
This document discusses various diseases of the excretory system including the kidney and bladder. It covers topics such as hematuria, its causes and types. Diagnostic tests for hematuria including urine culture, ultrasound, cystoscopy, and IVU are outlined. Causes of hematuria include injuries, infections, tumors, and other medical conditions. Management depends on identifying and treating the underlying cause, and may include antibiotics, surgery, chemotherapy or other treatments. Other topics covered include horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, renal cysts, injuries to the kidney, ureteral abnormalities, and renal calculi.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, including structures like the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It describes the functions of these structures like filtration and regulation of fluids and waste. Common disorders, diagnostic tests, nursing management of issues like incontinence and retention are also covered.
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This document outlines the indications, preparation, and procedure for urethroscopy and cystoscopy. Urethroscopy is used to inspect the urethra for strictures, diverticula, fistulas, lesions, and tumors. Cystoscopy allows for a systematic evaluation of the bladder, including the trigone, bladder neck, walls, and roof to identify tumors, trabeculations, lesions, diverticula, stones, and foreign bodies. Normal findings include a healthy bladder mucosa and ureteral orifices located within the trigonal rim that appear as slit-like indentations. Additional investigations like bladder washing may be indicated.
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Test procedures urinary system
Test procedures urinary systemSHINE - Spina bifida • Hydrocephalus • Information • Networking • Equality
This document discusses various tests and procedures used to evaluate the function of the urinary system. It begins by describing common urine and blood tests, such as urine microscopy, urine culture and sensitivity tests, creatinine clearance tests, and blood tests including full blood count, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It then discusses imaging tests like urodynamics, bladder scans, cystograms, and various types of x-rays. Finally, it briefly outlines some surgical procedures that may be used like vesicostomy, cystoplasty, catheterization procedures, conduits, and urethroplasty. The purpose is to provide a thorough overview of options to diagnose and treat issues with the urTests and procedures used to check function of the urinary system
Tests and procedures used to check function of the urinary systemSHINE - Spina bifida • Hydrocephalus • Information • Networking • Equality
There are many tests that can be done to check that the urinary system is functioning as well as possible. The tests vary from a simple blood test to more invasive procedures. All tests performed are done with your consent and should be fully explained to you beforehand. You may not necessarily have all the tests and or procedures performed.Topic laboratory and instrumental methods of studying the kidneys and urinar...
The document summarizes various laboratory and instrumental methods used to study the kidneys and urinary system in children. It describes the anatomy and development of the kidneys, functions of the kidneys, diagnostic investigations including urinalysis, uroflowmetry, ultrasound, CT, MRI, voiding cystourethrogram, retrograde urethrogram, and CT urography. These methods are used to diagnose conditions like kidney stones, renal masses, reflux, obstruction, and anatomical abnormalities.
Chapter 9
This document discusses urinary catheterization. It describes catheters as plastic tubes inserted into the bladder via the urethra to drain urine or inject liquids for treatment or diagnosis. Critically ill patients requiring strict urine output monitoring are often catheterized. The document describes different catheter types including Foley, Robinson, Coude, and hematuria catheters.
Urological investigations
This document discusses various urological investigations including radiological investigations like renal ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound, scrotal ultrasound, intravenous urogram, retrograde ureteropyelography, and non-radiological investigations like urine analysis, urine cytology, and urodynamic studies. Flexible ureterorenoscopy allows visualization of the ureters and renal pelvis while rigid cystoscopy is better for detecting lesions that may require resection. Together these investigations help evaluate issues like hematuria, urinary tract infections, and voiding symptoms.
Urology Surgery India
Successful Urology surgery in India by team of expert and international surgeons with advance micro surgical instruments for complex surgery in your budget.
Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Track.pptx
This PPT provides different types of tests and procedure to identify problem in GI track which may help to understand of what procedure is specialized for
Brianna DeBois CH9
This document discusses five diagnostic procedures and treatments for the urinary system: cystoscopy (Cysto), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) testing, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), retrograde pyelogram (RP), and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). It provides a brief overview of each procedure and its purpose in diagnosing or treating urinary system issues.
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Tests and procedures used to check function of the urinary system
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Topic laboratory and instrumental methods of studying the kidneys and urinar...
Topic laboratory and instrumental methods of studying the kidneys and urinar...
The urinary system
- 1. THE URINARY SYSTEM Eurydice Cardona
- 2. The urinary system: its functions and its organs • The urinary system, also referred to as the genitourinary system (abbreviation GU), is responsible for filtering waste products out of the blood and removing them from the body. It is also responsible for adjusting water and electrolyte levels as well as maintaining a correct pH. • It consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
- 3. Organs of the urinary system • Illustration of the urinary system’s organs:
- 4. Abbreviations • In this presentation I will identify and present the following abbreviations : • KUB • RP • UTI • BUN • cysto • It is important to keep in mind that the correct spelling and capitalizing of these abbreviations is very important.
- 5. KUB to detect kidney stones • Here is an image of a KUB X-ray which shows two large stones in the urinary system.
- 6. “RP”: retrograde pyelogram • “RP” is the abbreviation for retrograde pyelogram which is a diagnostic procedure. An RP is a type of X-ray in which dye is inserted through the urethra via catheter to outline the bladder, ureters and renal pelvis. • A retrograde pyelogram may be used in patients suspected to have an obstruction, such as a tumor, stone, blood clot, or stricture (narrowing) in the kidneys or ureters.
- 7. “UTI” : Urinary Tract Infection • “UTI” is the abbreviation for urinary tract infection. A UTI is usually caused by bacteria which infects any of the organs of the urinary system. It usually begins with cystitis, inflammation of the urinary bladder, and can ascend into the ureters and kidneys if not properly treated right away with antibiotics. • Since women have shorter urethras it is easier for germs to travel to their bladder and so it is most common for them to have urinary tract infections then men. • Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin are used to treat such bacterial infections of the urinary tract.
- 8. “BUN”: blood urea nitrogen • “BUN” is the abbreviation of blood urea nitrogen which is a clinical laboratory test. This blood test measures the level of nitrogenous waste (urea) that is in the blood to determine how well our kidneys are functioning. • Healthy kidneys filter urea and other waste products from our blood. The filtered waste products then leave our body in urine. • If a blood urea nitrogen test reveals that urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal, it probably indicates that the kidneys aren't working properly and that nitrogenous waste isn’t being evacuated from the body.
- 9. “cysto”: cystoscoopy • “cysto” is the abbreviation for cystoscopy. A cystoscopy is an endoscopic procedure which consists of the visual examination of the urinary bladder using an instrument called a cystoscope. • The cystoscope is inserted into the urethra and slowly advanced into the bladder . Cystoscopy to look at areas of the bladder and urethra that usually do not show up well on X-rays. • Tiny surgical instruments can be inserted through the cystoscope that allow the doctor to remove samples of tissue (biopsy) or collect samples of urine. • Small bladder stones and some small growths can be removed during cystoscopy. This may eliminate the need for later surgery.
- 10. Cystoscopy • The doctor can view the stones in the bladder by looking through the cystoscope that is inserted through the patient’s urethra.