1. Flowering plants reproduce through flowers, which produce fruit containing seeds after pollination and fertilization. 2. Seeds can be dispersed in various ways including by air, water, explosion, birds, and animals to allow for the propagation of new plants. 3. The main parts of a flower include sepals, petals, stamens, and a carpel. Pollination, which is needed for fertilization and seed production, can occur through self pollination or cross pollination with the help of agents like wind or insects.

1. THE LIFECYCLE OF FLOWERING
PLANTS
Gracia I Btech Biotechnology

2. Why plant has flowers?
❑When Plant produces flowers.
❑Flower last for few days
❑Part of the plant stays on the plant
❑This part give rise to fruit.
❑The seeds form inside the fruit.
❑The seeds give rise to new plant.
Flowers helps plant to reproduce to form new
plant.Hence it is called as Reproductive unit.

3. SEED DISPERSAL
• The process by which seeds are spread from one place to
the other by air, water, animals and birds is called
dispersal of seed or seed dispersal.

5. •Seed Dispersal
•By Air
•Silk cotton, drumstick, Dandelions, poppy fruit, Chandelier, Maple seeds
•By Water
•Water Hyacinth, Coconut, Lily, Lotus , Mangrooves etc
•By Explosion
•Lady finger, Peas, Black gram
•By Birds
•Fruit plants
•By animals
•Grass

6. • Dandelions have parachute of hairs to help them
float to the air. Other seeds have thin papery
wings to help them blow away easily.
• The fruits of chandelier plant dry out and break
off. As the wind blows them along, the seeds fall
out.
• The poppy fruit forms a pepper pot with holes in
it. When the wind blows ,the seeds blown away.
• The seeds of the maple trees has wings that allow
the wind to lift and spin like a helicopter rotor
blades.
• Mangroves are trees that grow in salt water and
their seeds are called sea pencil float upright in
the sea until they are washed onto land.
• Bean pods dry out and explode in hot weather.

7. PARTS OF FLOWER

8. SEPALS-
Little green leaves that protect the flower bud
PETALS
Often brightly colored to attract insects to the
flower
STAMENS
This is male part of the flower - Stamen- It
consists of anther and filament. These are pollen
grains which are found in the anther.
CARPEL
This is female part of the flower - Carpel which
include stigma, style and lower part ovary
Ovary consists of ovules.

9. POLLINATIO
N
The transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma is called as
Pollination.

10. Pollination is of two types
(i) Self pollination
(ii) Cross pollination
SELF POLLINATION:
The transfer of pollen grain from anther to the stigma of same flower is
called self pollination.
CROSS POLLINATION
The transfer of pollen grain from anther of a flower to the stigma of another
flower of same kind is called cross pollination

11. Agent of pollination
Pollination by insects
Flowers pollinated by insect are usually coloured,
scented petals.Some flowers also have nectar,
sweet liquid where insect visit to feed on the nectar
The insects covered in pollen and carry the pollen grain .
Pollination by wind
Flowers pollinated by wind are not brightly coloured
and do not have scent.Wind pollinated flowers
make lot of pollen. The pollen blows in the wind
from the stamen of other flower

12. Why Pollinations?
Plant reproduce by seeds.T he pollen and eggs join to make seeds in
a plant in a process called Fertilisation.
Pollination bring pollen from the male stamens to the female carpel.
This allow the egg to be fertilised and seeds to form. Fertilisation
happen in the flowers ovary. Fertilisation happens if the pollen and
egg are from same kind of flower.After egg fertilised,
the petals and sepals die. The ovary grow and become fruits.
Seed inside the fruit.