Breast engorgement occurs when the breasts swell and become painful due to an increase in milk production and storage. It is usually caused by a delay in breastfeeding after the milk comes in around 3-4 days postpartum. Symptoms include swollen, hard breasts with tight, flat nipples and pain. Treatment involves frequent breastfeeding or milk expression, applying warm or cold compresses, and using cabbage leaves to relieve swelling and congestion. Medications like analgesics may also be needed in severe cases. Ensuring regular feeding is key to preventing and treating engorgement.
Globally the incidence of unwed mothers is rising.Unwed mothers remain a challenge in obstetric practice due to a complex interplay of obstetric,medical,social and psychological complications associated with them.so ,it is important to know who are unwed mothers,causes and nurses role.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Globally the incidence of unwed mothers is rising.Unwed mothers remain a challenge in obstetric practice due to a complex interplay of obstetric,medical,social and psychological complications associated with them.so ,it is important to know who are unwed mothers,causes and nurses role.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, bec
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
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this lecture is one of my lectures for the lactation specialists diploma at Benha University
it involves easy and simple explanation for the common difficulties and problems during breast feeding
these difficulties include maternal, fetal problems and problems in special situations
maternal problems during breast feeding include:
(Full breast and breast engorgement
Sore, painful, cracked or fissured nipple
Flat or inverted or non-protractile nipple
Mastitis or breast abscess
Sick mothers and breast feeding)
newborn problems include:
(Baby refuses the breast or unable or unable to suck
Birth injuries especially cephalohematoma
Jaundice or hypoglycemia
Sick baby who is taken to the neonatal care unit (NCU) or baby with congenital anomaly that disables him or her from breastfeeding as cleft lip or choanal atresia or a tracheoesophageal fistula)
twins and multiple gestations breast feeding support
Discharge Care for Continued Breastfeeding
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Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
2. DEFINITION
• Breast engorgement occurs in
the mammary glands due to
expansion and pressure exerted by
the synthesis and storage of breast
milk
• It is also a main factor in altering
the ability of the infant to latch-on.
3. Breast engorgement occur in the mammary gland
due to expansion & pressure exerted by synthesis
& storage of breast milk .
Breast engorgement in a condition which occur due
to –
Excessive production of milk
Obstruction in the outflow of milk
Poor removal of milk by baby (i.e decreased
intake of milk from breast ) or
5. • Engorgement changes the shape
and curvature of the nipple
region by making the breast
inflexible, flat, hard, and
swollen.
6. • The nipples on an
engorged breast
are flat or
inverted.
Sometimes it may
lead to striae on
nipples, mainly a
preceding
symptom of
septation mastitis
7. CAUSES
• Breast engorgement is due to
exaggerated normal venous and
lymphatic engorgement of the
breasts which precedes lactation.
This in turn prevents escape of milk
from the lacteal system.
8. • Due to exaggerated normal venous.
Lymphatic engorgement of the breast
which precedes lactation .
• The primiparous patient & the patient
with inelastic breast are likely to be
involved .
• Starting breast feeding too late
• Not giving enough feed to baby or poor
removal of milk by the baby
9. • The primiparous mother and the
patient with inelastic breasts are
likely to be involved
10. • Engorgement usually happens
when the breasts switch
from colostrum to mature milk
(often referred to as when the
milk "comes in")
11. • However, engorgement can also
happen later if lactating women
miss several nursings and not
enough milk is expressed from
the breasts.
12. • It can be exacerbated by
insufficient breastfeeding and/or
blocked milk ducts
• When engorged the breasts may
swell, throb, and cause mild to
extreme pain
13. ONSET
• It usually manifests after the
milk secretion starts ( 3rd or 4th
day postpartum)
14. • Engorgement may lead
to mastitis (inflammation of the
breast) and untreated
engorgement puts pressure on
the milk ducts, often causing a
plugged duct
15. • The woman will often feel a
lump in one part of the breast
and the skin in that area may be
red and/or warm
16. • If it continues unchecked, the
plugged duct can become a
breast infection, at which point
she may have a fever or flu-like
symptoms
18. • Generalized malaise or even
transient rise of temperature
• Painful breast feeding
19. • Breasts are swollen
and oedematous, and the skin
appearing shiny and diffusely red
The woman may have a fever that
usually subsides in 24 hours.
• The nipples may become stretched
tight and flat which makes it
difficult for the baby to attach and
remove the milk.
20. PREVENTION
• To avoid pre lacteal feeds
• To initiate breastfeeding early
and feeding at frequent intervals
24. • Warm compress may be applied to
the breast or a warm shower
before expressing, helps the milk
to flow
• The mother can use cold
compresses after feeding or
expressing, which helps to reduce
the oedema
25. • The baby should be put to the
breast regularly after manual
expression of milk
• To support the breasts with a
binder or brassiere
27. • Regular breastfeeding can and
should be continued
• Manual expression of any
remaining milk after each feed
and keeping the interval short
between feeds
32. MEDICAL TREATMENT
• Medical methods include
administration of proteolytic
enzymes such as serrapeptase,
protease, and subcutaneous
oxytocin.
33. • To administer tablet
bromocripine 2.5 mg daily for 2-
3 days in obstinate cases where
the breasts remain tight in spite
of suckling and expression
• Analgesics may also be
administered