Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, primarily influenced by aging and lifestyle factors. It leads to various urinary symptoms, complications, and requires diagnostic evaluations such as digital rectal examination and ultrasound, with treatment options including medications and surgical interventions. Nursing assessments identify subjective and objective data to address acute pain, urinary retention, and potential for infection.

1. PREPARED BY:- SUBHASHREE MAHAPATRO
FACULTY OF KIIT
(BENIGN PROSTATIC
HYPERPLASIA)

2. .
INTRODUCTION

3. DEFINITION:-
 BPH is a benign enlargement of
the prostate gland.

4. ETIOLOGY

5. RISKFACTORS:-
 Aging
 Obesity (in particular increased waist circumference)
 Lack of physical activity
 Alcohol consumption
 Erectile dysfunction
 Smoking
 Hypertension
 Heart disease
 Diabetes
 Western diet (high in animal fat and protein and refined
carbohydrates low in fiber)
 A positive family history of BPH.

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:-
 BPH develops over a prolonged period, changes in the
urinary tract are slow and insidious. BPH is a result of
complete interactions involving resistance in the prostatic
urethra its mechanical and spastic effects, bladder pressure
during voiding, destrusor muscle strength, neurologic
functioning, and general physical health. The
hypertrophied lobes of the prostate may obstruct the
bladder neck or urethra, causing incomplete emptying of
the bladder and urinary retention. As a result, a gradual
dilation of the ureters (hydroureter) and kidneys (
hydronephrosis) can occur. Urinary retention may result in
UTIS because urine these remain in the urinary tract
serves as a medium for infective organism.

7. CLINICALMANIFESTATIONS:-
1. IRRITATIVE 2. OBSTRUCTIVE
SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS

8. Irritative symptoms:-
 Nocturia(often the first symptom that the
patient notices)
 Urinary frequency
 Urgency
 Dysuria
 Bladder pain
 Incontinence

9. Obstructive symptoms:-
 Decrease in the force of the urinary stream.
 Difficulty in initiating voiding.
 Intermittency (stopping and starting stream
several times while voiding).
 Dribbling at the end of urination.
 Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.

10. some generalized symptoms
 Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and
pelvic discomfort.

11. Diagnostic evaluation
 Digital rectal examination (DRE)
 Urinanalysis with culture
 Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
 Serum creatinine
 Postvoid residual urine volume
 Transrectalultrasound(TRUS)
 Uroflowmetry
 Cystoscopy

12. COMPLICATION:-
 Acute urinary retention.
 Urinary tract infection (UTI).
 Renal Calculi.
 Renal Failure.
 Pyelonephritis
 Bladder damage.

13. MEDICALMANAGEMENT:-

Alpha-adrenergic blockers:-
 Alfuzosin (uroxatral)
 Terazosin (hytrin)
 Doxazosin (Cardura)
 Prazosin
 Silodosin
 Tamsulosin

14. …CONT
2. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor:-
 Finasteride (proscar)
 Dutasteride(Avodart)
3. Erectogenic drugs
4. Herbal therapy

15. SURGICALTREATMENT:-
Surgical treatment options include:-
1. Minimally Invasive Therapy:-
 Transurethral microwave heat
treatment(TUMT).
 Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA).
2. Resection of the prostate gland:-
 Transurethral resection of the prostate
(TURP).
 Transurethral incision of the Prostate (TUIP).
 Open prostatectomy.

16. NURSINGASSESSMENT:-
SUBJECTIVE DATA:-
Important health information:-
 Medications: estrogen or testosterone supplementation.
 Surgery or other treatment: previous treatment of BPH.
Functional health pattern:-
 Health perception-health management: knowledge of the
condition.
 Nutritional-metabolic: voluntary fluid restriction.
 Elimination: urinary urgency, diminution in calibre and force
of urinary stream, hesitancy in initiating voiding, postvoid
dribbling, urinary retention, incontinence.
 Sleep: Nocturia
 Cognitive-perceptual: dysuria, sensation of incomplete
voiding, bladder discomfort.
 Sexuality-reproductive: anxiety about sexual dysfunction.

17. Objectivedata:-
 General:- older adult male.
 Urinary:- distended bladder on palpation, smooth,
firm, elastic enlargement of prostate on rectal
examination.
 Possible diagnostic findings:-
Enlarged prostate on ultrasonography, vesicle
neck obstruction on cystoscopy, residual urine with
postvoiding catheterization, white blood cells,
bacteria or microscopic hematuria with infection,
increase serum craft, nine levels with renal
involvement.

18. NURSINGDIAGNOSIS:-
 1.Acute pain related to bladder distention secondary
to enlarged prostate.
 2.Urinary retention related to urethral obstruction
secondary to prostatic enlargement and loss of
bladder tone due to prolonged distention.
 3.Sexual dysfunction related to disease condition.
 4.Anxiety related to concern and take of knowledge
about the diagnosis, treatment plan, and prognosis.
 5.Deficit knowledge related to the diagnosis of
urinary difficulties and treatment modalities.
 6.Risk of infection related to an indwelling catheter,
urinary stasis or environmental pathogens.

19. SUMMARY

20. CONCLUSION