This document presents a class presentation on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) given by Manidipa Bakshi. It defines BPH as an enlargement of the prostate gland that causes urination problems. It discusses the incidence, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnostic studies, medical management including drug and surgical options, and the nursing management focus on preoperative and postoperative care for patients undergoing procedures for BPH.

1. CLASS PRESENTATION ON
BENIGN PROSTATIC
HYPERPLASIA
PRESENTED BY – MANIDIPA BAKSHI
ROLL NO - 19
B.SC NURSING 2ND YEAR
SHOVARANI NURSING COLLEGE

2. INTRODUCTION

3. DEFINITION
 Benign prostatic hyperplasia Is an
enlargement of prostate gland That
eventually cause problems with urination.
.It is Resulting from Increase in the number
of epithelial cells and stromal tissue.

4. INCIDENCE
50% of men having evidence of BPH
by age of 50 years
75% by age of 80 years

5. ETIOLOGY
Although the cause of BPH is not completely
understood,it is thought that BPH results from
hormonal changes associated with aging process
The possible causative factors are-
 Excessive accumulation of dihydrotestosterone
 Increased proportion of estrogen in blood

6. RISK FACTORS:
 Aging
 Obesity
 Lack of physical activity
 Alcohol consumption
 Erectile dysfunction
 Smoking
 Diabetes
 Family history of BPH

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Etiological factors -> Decreased testosterone
conversion by 5 alpha reductase -> Increased
Dihydrotestosteron-> Prostate gland Hyperplasia-
>Hypertrophy in smooth muscle ->Increased tissue
Constricting in lumen->Urinary Obstructions

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Symptoms can be divided into two groups:
1. Irritative symptoms
 Nocturia
 Urinary frequency
 Dysuria
 Bladder pain
 Incontinence associated with infection

9. 2. Obstructive Symptoms :
 Decrease in the caliber and force of the urinary
stream
 Difficulty in initiating voiding
 Intermittency and dribbling at the end of urination

10. COMPLICATIONS:
COMPLICATIONS of urinary Obstruction are relatively
uncommon.
 Urinary retention
 Urinary tract infections
 Renal calculi
 Renal failure
 Pyelonephritis
 Bladder damage

11. Diagnostic Studies:
 History and physical examination
 Digital rectal examination
 Urinalysis with culture
 Prostate specific antigen
 Serum creatinine
 Postvoid residual
 Trans rectal ultrasound
 Uroflowmetry
 Cystoscopy

12. MEDICAL MANEGMENT-
DRUG THERAPY
 5 alpha reductase inhibitors
 Alpha –adrenergic receptor blockers
 Erectogenic drugs

13. SURGICAL MANEGMENT-
Minimally Invasive
 Transuretheal Microwave Thermotherapy
(TUMP)
 Transuretheal Needle Ablation (TUNA)
 Laser prostatectomy
 Transuretheal Electrovaporization of Prostate (
TUVP)
 Intraprostatic Urethral Stents

14. Invasive Surgery
 Transuretheal Resection of prostate (TURP)
 Transuretheal Incision of Prostate (TUIP)
 Open Prostatectomy

15. NURSING MANEGMENT-
Nurse is the most directly with the care of
Prostate having surgical intervention,the
focus on nursing manegment on pre
oparative and post oparative care.

16. Nursing Assessment
Subjective Data :
1. Important Health Information:
 Medications: estrogen or testosterone supplementation
 Surgery or other treatments:Previous treatment of BPH
2. Functional Health Patterns:
 Health perception-health manegment:knowledge of the condition
 Nutritional-metabolic – voluntary fluid restriction
 Elimination- urinary urgency,urinary retention,incontinence
 Sleep- Nocturia
 Cognitive perceptual- Dysuria,bladder discomfort,sensation of incomplete voiding

17. OBJECTIVE DATA:
 General: older adult male
 Urinary: Distended bladder on palpation,smooth,firm,elastic
enlargement of prostate on rectal examination
 Possible Diagnostic Findings:
• Enlarged prostate on ultrasonography
• Residual with post voiding catheterization
• Increased serum creatinine levels of renal involvement

18. Nursing Diagnosis:
 Acute pain related to bladder distention
 Urinary incontinence related to bladder obstruction
 Nutritional deficiency less than body requirements
related to less intake of food
 Insomnia related to hospitalization
 Anxiety related to disease condition
 Risk for secondary infection related to indwelling
catheterization

19. PLANNING:
The overall preoperative goals for the patient having
invasive procedure are to have
 Restoration of urinary drainage
 Treatment of any UTI
 Understanding of upcoming procedure,implications for
sexual function and urinary control
The overall postoperative goals are to have:
 No complications
 Restoration of urinary control
 Complete bladder emptying

20. NURSING IMPLEMENTATION:
 Health Promotion
 Acute intervention
1. Preoperative care
2. Postoperative care
 Ambulatory And Home care

21. CONCLUSION