The document discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) can help address climate change through various strategies such as relocating data centers to remote renewable energy sites connected by optical networks, virtualizing services to reduce physical infrastructure needs, and incentivizing reductions in carbon emissions through "carbon rewards" rather than penalties. It outlines pilots and examples of implementing these strategies and argues that a zero carbon approach is essential for sustainable growth of ICT.

1. Optical Networks and Climate Change Bill St. Arnaud CANARIE Inc – www.canarie.ca [email_address] Unless otherwise noted all material in this slide deck may be reproduced, modified or distributed without prior permission of the author

3. Climate Forecasts MIT

4. The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Source: Larry Smarr CAL-It2 Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the Climate-Tipping Additional Warming over 1750 Level 90% of the Additional 1.6 Degree Warming Will Occur in the 21 st Century

5. Our Challenge 5 j j 26 tons/person 1 ton/person 2008 2050 ? j 2100 2 tons/person Source: Stern 2008

8. IT biggest power draw Heating, Cooling and Ventilation 58% Lighting 11% IT Equipment 25% Other 6% Sources: BOMA 2006, EIA 2006, AIA 2006 Energy Consumption Typical Building Energy Consumption World Wide Transportation 25% Manufacturing 25% Buildings 50%

17. Many examples Hydro-electric powered data centers Data Islandia Digital Data Archive ASIO solar powered data centers Wind powered data centers 17 Ecotricity in UK builds windmills at data center locations with no capital cost to user

18. Relocation of Nordic HPC facilities to Iceland

21. Vertical Windmills for networks MAGENN AIR ROTOR SYSTEM (M.A.R.S.) Windports Verticainc

26. GENI Topology optimized by source destination Source: Peter Freeman NSF Wind Power Substrate Router Solar Power Wireless Base Station Sensor Network Thin Client Edge Site Mobile Wireless Network

27. GENI with remote nodes at renewable energy sites Sensor Network Thin Client Edge Site Source: Peter Freeman NSF Wind Power Substrate Router Solar Power Wireless Base Station Topology optimized by availability of energy Mobile Wireless Network

28. The “VM Turntable” Demonstrator seamless remote rendering Korea Chicago Calgary VMs Dynamic Lightpaths Starlight CA*net4 KREOnet APEC TEL 33, Calgary, AL, Apr 24-27 2006 Live VMs migrated from Calgary to Chicago with transit through S. Korea, resulting in just a 1.011 second of application downtime . DRAC sets up and tears down a lightpath w/ each migration.

32. Virtualization and De-materialization Source: European Commission Joint Research Centre, “The Future Impact of ICTs on Environmental Sustainability”, August 2004 Direct replacement of physical goods – 10% impact

35. Other sectors (40%) (e.g. manufacturing, coal mining, export transport) Emissions under direct consumer control (35%) Consumer influenced sectors (25%) (e.g. retail, food and drink, wholesale, agriculture, public sector) Heating Private cars Electricity Other transport Consumers control or influence 60 per cent of emissions http://www.cbi.org.uk/pdf/climatereport2007full.pdf 30