- The document discusses how digital infrastructure and information and communication technologies (ICT) can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change by enabling efficiencies in other sectors. ICT has the potential to deliver carbon savings five times larger than its own emissions footprint by 2020. - The University of California San Diego (UCSD) is working to develop green ICT applications and smart grid technologies through its California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2). Examples mentioned include smart transportation systems, virtual meetings to reduce travel, and instrumenting buildings and campuses as "living labs" of green technologies. - UCSD is also working to establish a zero carbon emission campus through fuel cell and solar power installations,

1. Digital Infrastructure in a Carbon-Constrained World Invited Presentation to the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP) National Academy of Sciences Irvine, CA February 26, 2009 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

2. The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the Climate-Tipping V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Additional Warming over 1750 Level 90% of the Additional 1.6 Degree Warming Will Occur in the 21 st Century

3. Atmospheric Aerosols Cool Climate— Cleaning Air Pollution will Accelerate Warming! NASA satellite image Ramananthan & Feng www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Outside Beijing 11/9/2008

5. ICT is a Critical Element in Achieving Countries Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets

6. ICT is a Key Sector in the Fight Against Climate Change Applications of ICT could enable emissions reductions of 7.8 Gt CO 2 e in 2020, or 15% of business as usual emissions. But it must keep its own growing footprint in check and overcome a number of hurdles if it expects to deliver on this potential. www.smart2020.org

7. ICT Industry is Already Acting to Reduce Carbon Footprint

8. Electricity Usage by U.S. Data Centers: Emission Reductions are Underway Source: Silicon Valley Leadership Group Report July 29, 2008 https://microsite.accenture.com/svlgreport/Documents/pdf/SVLG_Report.pdf

10. UCSD is Installing Zero Carbon Emission Solar and Fuel Cell DC Electricity Generators San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant Produces Waste Methane UCSD 2.8 Megawatt Fuel Cell Power Plant Uses Methane 2 Megawatts of Solar Power Cells Being Installed Available Late 2009 Makes Carbon Neutral Data Center Possible!

11. Consolidating Dispersed Faculty Clusters Over the Fiber Connected UCSD Campus Research CI UCSD Storage OptIPortal Research Cluster Digital Collections Lifecycle Management PetaScale Data Analysis Facility HPC System Cluster Condo UC Grid Pilot Research Instrument N x 10Gbe DNA Arrays, Mass Spec., Microscopes, Genome Sequencers Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC/Calit2 UCSD Triton Components

13. Calit2--A Systems Approach to the Future of the Internet and its Transformation of Our Society www.calit2.net Calit2 Has Assembled a Complex Social Network of Over 350 UC San Diego & UC Irvine Faculty From Two Dozen Departments Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Staff, Students, Industry, and the Community Integrating Technology Consumers and Producers Into “Living Laboratories”

15. Smart Electrical Grids: Interpenetrating the Internet and the Power Grid “ That means updating the way we get our electricity by starting to build a new smart grid that will save us money; protect our power sources from blackout or attack; and deliver clean, alternative forms of energy to every corner of our nation.” ---President-Elect Obama Source: ComputerWorld Government 1/9/09 University Campuses as “Living Labs of the Green Future”

19. Using High Definition to Link the Calit2 Buildings: Living Greener June 2, 2008 LifeSize System

20. HD Talk to Australia’s Monash University from Calit2: Reducing International Travel July 31, 2008

21. The OptIPuter Creates an OptIPlanet Collaboratory: Enabling Data-Intensive e-Research www.evl.uic.edu/cavern/sage “ OptIPlanet: The OptIPuter Global Collaboratory” – Special Section of Future Generations Computer Systems, Volume 25, Issue 2, February 2009 Calit2 (UCSD, UCI), SDSC, and UIC Leads—Larry Smarr PI Univ. Partners: NCSA, USC, SDSU, NW, TA&M, UvA, SARA, KISTI, AIST Industry: IBM, Sun, Telcordia, Chiaro, Calient, Glimmerglass, Lucent Over 50 OptIPortals Worldwide

22. Source: Maxine Brown, OptIPuter Project Manager Green Initiative: Can Optical Fiber Replace Airline Travel for Continuing Collaborations?

23. Just in Time OptIPlanet Collaboratory: Live Session Between NASA Ames and Calit2@UCSD Source: Falko Kuester, Calit2; Michael Sims, NASA View from NASA Ames Lunar Science Institute Mountain View, CA Virtual Handshake HD compressed 6:1 From Start to This Image in Less Than 2 Weeks! Visit Yesterday by JPL’s Firouz Naderi Feb 19, 2009

24. Room-to-Room Telepresence on a Global Scale Covise, Phil Weber, Jurgen Schulze, Calit2 CGLX, Kai-Uwe Doerr , Calit2 www.calit2.net/newsroom/release.php?id=1219 January 15, 2008 No Calit2 Person Physically Flew to Australia to Bring This Up! January 15, 2007 Melbourne, Australia Calit2@San Diego

25. Coupling AARNet - CENIC/PW - CANARIE Optical Nets: An Australian-U.S.-Canada Green ICT Testbed Exploring “Zero Carbon” Data Centers and Telepresence Collaboration

26. International Symposia on Green ICT [email_address]

27. “ It Will Be the Biggest Single Peacetime Project Humankind Will Have Ever Undertaken”