Bone 4
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This document summarizes different types of bone tumors. It discusses that bone tumors in children are usually primary tumors, while in adults they are often secondary tumors or myeloma. It separates bone tumors into those that form bone and those that form cartilage. Bone forming tumors include benign osteomas and malignant osteosarcomas. Cartilage forming tumors include benign osteochondromas and malignant chondrosarcomas. It provides details on specific bone tumors such as osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, osteosarcoma, enchondroma, chondroblastoma, and Ewing's sarcoma.
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Bone tumor staging systems
Bone tumors can be primary, originating in bone tissue, or secondary/metastatic tumors that have spread from other sites. There are several staging systems for classifying bone tumors, including the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) or Enneking System and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) System. The MSTS system classifies benign tumors on a scale of 1-3 based on activity level and defines malignant tumors using Roman numerals based on grade and tumor compartments. The AJCC system incorporates tumor grade, size, lymph node and distant metastasis in its classification. Accurate staging is important for determining prognosis, treatment planning, and comparing outcomes across studies.
Bone tumors
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Related jaw lesions
The document discusses several benign jaw lesions including central giant cell granuloma, brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism, cherubism, fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma. Central giant cell granuloma is a non-neoplastic proliferation most common in young females involving the mandible. Brown tumors are bony lesions that arise from excess osteoclast activity in hyperparathyroidism. Cherubism is a genetic disorder seen in young patients causing bilateral jaw swelling. Fibrous dysplasia is a condition where normal bone is replaced by fibrous tissue and abnormal bone formation. Ossifying fibroma is a true bone tumor of the jaw that causes expansion and thinning of the cortical plates.
Bone Cancer
The average age of bone cancer patients is 51 years old. The most common types of bone cancer are chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, chordoma, and multiple myeloma. Risk factors include genetic disorders or syndromes, Paget's disease, radiation exposure, and family history. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and bone cement.
Benign bone cyst 7yo xray 2019
A 7-year-old boy complained of thigh pain after jumping from play equipment. An x-ray showed a lucency in his proximal right femur that appears to be a benign bone cyst. As he presented after injury, further investigation with MRI is recommended to check for possible micro-fractures. Treatment options include observation with activity limitation or potential surgery, as cysts sometimes resolve on their own but fracture could require healing.
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The document discusses several topics related to tumors and tumor-like conditions of the bone. It covers the diagnosis of primary and secondary bone tumors through imaging and biopsy. It also discusses the differential diagnosis and treatment principles for benign and malignant bone tumors. Specifically, it may involve local excision, wide excision with limb sparing surgery or amputation along with adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Additionally, it provides details on several benign bone lesions such as non-ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia.
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A bone tumor was found in the patient's leg after they experienced pain in the joint. X-rays revealed an abnormal growth, which was later confirmed to be a chondroblastoma via biopsy. Chondroblastomas are benign bone tumors that usually affect people ages 10-20 and are more common in males. While the exact cause is unknown, they originate from immature cartilage cells.
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Bone Tumors Benign Ppt
A bone tumor was found in the patient's leg after they experienced pain in the joint. X-rays revealed an abnormal growth, which was later confirmed to be a chondroblastoma via biopsy. Chondroblastomas are benign bone tumors that usually affect people ages 10-20 and are more common in males. While the exact cause is unknown, they originate from immature cartilage cells.
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Bone tumors
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- Osteosarcoma most commonly affects teenagers and young adults, usually in the long bones, and presents as pain or a swelling mass. Treatment involves chemotherapy and surgery.
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- Ewing's sarcoma typically affects children and young adults, usually in long bones, and presents as intermittent pain and swelling. Chem
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Osteodystrophy refers to bone diseases associated with chronic renal disease, which can cause hypocalcemia, high phosphate levels, and osteitis fibrosa cystica. Osteomalacia is caused by loss of renal mass. Paget's disease causes abnormal bone remodeling in three phases - initial bone loss, mixed bone loss and formation, and final bone thickening. Osteonecrosis is bone infarction due to reduced blood supply from trauma, thrombosis, steroids or radiation. Pathologic fractures occur in weakened bone from conditions like osteomalacia or Paget's disease. Bone healing involves hematoma formation, osteoprogenitor cell differentiation, and external and internal
Bone 2
This document summarizes osteoporosis and osteomalacia/rickets. Osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by progressive reduction in bone mass despite normal mineralization. It is more common in females, Asians, Caucasians, those with sedentary lifestyles or who smoke. It can be caused by aging, menopause, genetics, immobility, low calcium intake, or steroid use. This leads to decreased bone formation and resorption, thinning and increased porosity of bones, and increased risk of fractures. Osteomalacia and rickets feature inadequate bone mineralization. Rickets occurs in children and causes bone deformities, while osteomalacia occurs in
Bone 1
This document summarizes the structure and formation of normal bone as well as some common congenital bone disorders. It describes the organic and inorganic components of bone, the cells involved in bone formation and resorption, and the process of ossification. It also discusses three specific bone disorders - achondroplasia, which causes dwarfism; osteogenesis imperfecta, which results in fractures and fragile bones; and osteopetrosis, known as marble bone disease, which causes bones to harden excessively.
Skin disease brief overview
This document discusses skin diseases and their diagnosis and treatment. It covers a range of skin diseases from neoplastic and malignant cancers like basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, to inflammatory diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Common risk factors for skin diseases include sun exposure, fair skin, age, and genetic disorders. Dermoscopy is used to diagnose skin lesions by examining features like asymmetry, irregular borders, color variation, diameter, and changes in the lesion over time. Treatment options depend on the disease but may include surgical excision, cryotherapy, or radiotherapy, with prognosis based on the cancer staging system.
Malignant neoplasm of the skin
This document summarizes the key characteristics of pre-malignant and malignant skin cancers. It describes the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis for the main types of skin cancer: actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. The summary focuses on the distinguishing clinical features and management considerations for each cancer type.
Connective tissue disease
This document discusses several potential mechanisms that can lead to autoimmune diseases, including the release of sequestered antigens, molecular mimicry, superantigen infection, and mutations in genes regulating the immune response. It also provides an overview of different types of hypersensitivity reactions (types I-IV) and lists some common organ-specific and non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Finally, it briefly touches on epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, investigations, and management of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Bones pathology
Bones are composed of an organic matrix containing collagen and proteoglycans, as well as an inorganic component of calcium hydroxyapatite. Bones contain osteoprogenitor, osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast cells. Bone formation involves the production of osteoid by osteoblasts, mineralization of osteoid, and remodeling by resorption and reformation mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts respectively. Bones form through endochondral ossification from cartilage or membranous/periosteal ossification from connective tissue. Common bone abnormalities include congenital defects, metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis, bone infections, bone tumors, and fractures.
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder caused by loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. Its main symptoms are tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and impaired balance and coordination. Diagnosis is based on medical history and clinical examination showing the characteristic motor symptoms. Treatment aims to control symptoms and preserve function, primarily using dopamine replacement therapy such as levodopa and dopamine agonists. Other options include deep brain stimulation surgery for advanced cases with motor fluctuations or dyskinesia.
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Bone 4
- 1. BONE 4 Bone Tumour Intro Benign or malignant In children & teen = primary tumour In adult = secondary or m. myeloma Mets Carcinomas much common than sarcoma E.g. = breast, prostatic, bronchogenic, renal Complic. of mets Pain Patho. fracture Replacement of bone marrow Hypercalcemia Primary tumour Benign - more common in children & youth Malignant - older ppl Dx = clinical, radiological & pathological Types bone-producing tumour cartilge-producing tumour Bone forming Benign = osteoma Malignant = osteosarcoma If locally aggressive = osteoblastoma Osteoma gardner syndrome (multi) often craniofacial Osteoid osteoma young age, male painful (give aspirin) site = femur or tibia tx = resection of nidus Osteoblas. young age site = vertebral column pain not relieved by aspirin tx = resection Osteosarc. young & elderly site = end of long bone cause = sporadic, genetic effect = pain, fracture, mets spread = thru periosteum, blood X ray = codman's triangle, sunray tx = chemo & surgical resection Bone Tumour Cartil. forming Benign Osteochondroma Enchondroma Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid fibroma MalignantChondrosarcoma Osteochondr. age < 20 multiple or single mushroom shaped projection site = metaphysis Onchondr. any age site = small bone of hand & feet arise from metaphysis well circumscribed Chondrosar. 2nd most common bone malign. mid age > 40 site = axial skeleton can be aggressive & erosive mets = lung, liver, kidney tx = only surgical poor prognosis Osteoclastoma adult (20-55) site = epiphyseal of long bone (knee) osteoclast-like giant cells locally aggressive tumour Ewing's Sarcoma Origin = neuroectodermal Age = children & young adult Site = medul. cav. in diaphysis of long bone Dx = Xray (onion skin) Tx = chemo + surgery Prognosis = very poor BONE 4.mmap - 06/01/2010 - Mindjet