Joints 1

•

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M Ridhwan Abd Razak

medical school mindmap

Health & Medicine

JOINTS 1
Type
of
Joint
Synovial
allow movemnt
articul. surface cover by hyaline cartil.
type A cell = macrophage like
type B cell = produce protein
synovial = lubrication & nourishment
Non synovial
cartilaginous
fibrous
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis a/w infectious
Septic arthritis
TB arthritis
Arthritis a/w immuno
Arthritis a/w crystals
Osteoarthritis
Feature
Affect 80% of elderly
Degenerative joint disease
RF
Age (old cartilage repair worse)
Genetic
Obesity (40% incr. risk)
Occupation - repetitive use
Trauma
Patho
Progressive erosion of the joint
"Wear & tear" and aging
Change mechanical of cartilage
Cartilage degeneration
Incr. water & decr. proteoglycan
NON INFLAMMATORY process
Osteoarthritis
Osteophyte
Heberdenenlarge distal interphal.
Bouchardenlarge prox. interphal.
Morpho.
Chondromalacia & cartil. fibrillation
Exposure of subchondral bone plate
Bone sclerosis due to continuous erosion
Osteophyte formation
2ndary = synov. thicken., muscle atrophy
2ndary = joint deform., osteoporosis
Classes
Primary
idiopathic - affect elder
site = weightbearing joint
site = interphalangeal
2ndary
occur at any age
site = damaged joint
causes = trauma, gout
causes = RA, TB
Effect
Asymptomatic
Severe pain
Morning stiffness
Restricted movement
Compression of nerve root by osteophyte
Dx
Often hx & clinical is enough
Xray - very characteristic
Synovial fluid
aspirate
clear
bit raised cell count
Tx
Goals
relieve pain
maintain or restore function
delay progression
Start as with the simplest
Paracetamol (relieve pain)
NSAID (relieve pain)
Mild opiate - co-proxamol, codeine
Glucosamine (delay progression)
Wt loss (the only proven therapy)
Joint replacement therapy (90% satisfy)
JOINTS 1.mmap - 06/01/2010 - Mindjet

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. Some people call it degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees. With OA, the cartilage within a joint begins to break down and the underlying bone begins to change. These changes usually develop slowly and get worse over time. OA can cause pain, stiffness, and swelling. In some cases it also causes reduced function and disability; some people are no longer able to do daily tasks or work.

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