Chemical bonds form between atoms to stabilize their outer electron shells. There are three main types of bonds: ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred between atoms, covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms, and metallic bonds form from the delocalized "sea" of electrons in metal atoms. Ionic bonds result in oppositely charged ions, covalent bonds can be single, double or triple depending on electron pairs shared, and metallic bonding gives metals their conductivity. Compounds are classified as ionic, covalent or metallic based on the type of bonding between their atoms.

1. BOND
FORMATION
RAYMART ENRIQUEZ ISIDRO, LPT

2. CHEMICAL BOND
SLIDE 2
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables
the formation of chemical compounds.
The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions as
in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds.
cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions)

3. WHY DO ATOMS CREATE CHEMICAL
BOND? SLIDE 3
 Atoms form chemical bonds to
make their outer electron shells
more stable.
 to attain a noble gas
configuration or to satisfy the octet
rule

4. HOW DO ATOMS FORM BONDS? SLIDE 4
 by gaining, sharing, or losing
electrons

5. TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS
SLIDE 5
formed when the valence
electrons from one atom
are shared between two
or more particular atoms
METALLIC IONIC COVALENT
formed when valence
electrons are transferred
from one atom to the other
to complete the outer
electron shell
formed when the valence
electrons are not associated
with a particular atom or ion,
but exist as a "cloud" of
electrons around the ion
centers

6. METALLIC BONDING SLIDE 6
Metallic materials have good electrical
and thermal conductivity when
compared to materials with covalent
or ionic bonding.
A metal such as iron has metallic
bonding.

7. IONIC BONDING SLIDE 7
is the complete transfer of valence
electron(s) between atoms
a type of chemical bond that
generates two oppositely charged
ions
the metal loses electrons to become a
positively charged cation, whereas
the nonmetal accepts those electrons
to become a negatively charged anion

8. IONIC BONDING
SLIDE 8
Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
Potassium sulfide (K2S)
magnesium sulfide (MgS)

9. TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
SLIDE 9
 Mg + Br
 Li + F
 Na + O
 Al + O
 Na + F
 Na + I
 Cs + F
 Ba + F
 Be + O
 Be + I
 Ni + Cl

10. COVALENT BONDING SLIDE 10
 is the sharing of electrons between
atoms
 This type of bonding occurs between
two atoms of the same element or of
elements close to each other in the
periodic table
 bonding occurs primarily between
nonmetals

11. TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS
SLIDE 11
formed when three pairs
of electrons are shared
between the two
participating atoms
SINGLE BONDS DOUBLE BONDS TRIPLE BONDS
formed when two pairs of
electrons are shared
between the two
participating atoms
formed when only one pair
of the electron is shared
between the two
participating atoms

12. COVALENT BONDING
SLIDE 12
Hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Ethene
Molecular formula: C2H4
Empirical formula: CH2
Propyne (CH3)

13. TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
SLIDE 13
 P + Cl
 H + O
 O + F
 Br + H
 C + O
 S + O
 N + H
 C + Cl
 P + H
 C + C
 O + O

14. CLASSIFY THE GIVEN COMPOUNDS AS
IONIC, COVALENT, OR METALLIC BONDING SLIDE 14
 Au
 MgCl2
 Al2O3
 CuSn
 Cu
 CH3CH2OH
 H2SO3
 NaCl
 AlCl3
 NH3
 CaCO3

15. SLIDE 15

16. That’s all. Thank you very much! 
Any Questions?