Presented by Vu Thi Nga, Trang Le Thi Huyen, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Anne Mayer-Scholl, Diana Meemken, Nguyen Lan Anh, Maximilian Baumann, Pham Thi Ngoc and Fred Unger at the 13th SafePork Conference, Berlin, Germany, 26–29 August 2019.
This document discusses the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), and pharyngitis. It provides information on common etiologic agents, statistics on CAP in the US, diagnostic probabilities, modifying risk factors, appropriate initial antibiotic therapy, and factors that can improve outcomes.
During the first year after completing 1 year MDT, 27% of patients experienced a reactional state, mostly type 1 reversal reactions. In contrast, only 8% of patients who completed 2 year MDT experienced a reactional state. Furthermore, in the first two years after treatment, patients who received 1 year MDT had significantly more frequent, severe, and longer-lasting reactional states and reversal reactions compared to those who received 2 year MDT.
This study aims to analyze the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and clinical parameters in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The study will involve genotyping 105 FMS patients and 105 healthy controls to examine two VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI and BsmI) and their relationship to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and FMS symptoms. Blood samples will be collected and used to extract DNA, amplify genes via PCR, and identify polymorphisms through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results will help determine if VDR gene variations influence FMS risk and could aid in better classifying FMS patient subgroups.
This study identified risk factors for healthcare-associated bloodstream infections due to fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata. The study found that prior fluconazole use and linezolid use were independent risk factors for infections caused by fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata. Prior cefepime use and metronidazole use were risk factors for infections caused by fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata. The study was conducted between 2003-2007 at three hospitals and included 76 cases of fluconazole-resistant infection, 68 cases of fluconazole-susceptible infection, and 512 controls.
Common antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory tract infected children i...iosrphr_editor
Background: Acute respiratory infection is a common disease in children. Most cases were due to upper respiratory tract infection. Early intervention and prompt treatment of acute respiratory infections are the easiest ways to prevent complications. Objective of the study: to determine the indications, frequency, and types of antibiotics used in hospitalized paediatric patients Messellata General Hospital , Messellata, Libya and to evaluate whether the prescribed antibiotics were based on the isolation of organism and their sensitivity. Study Design: Descriptive observational hospital based study. Results and discussion: A total of 200 child patients were included over 6 months of study period, in whom antibiotics were prescribed at the time of admission. The majority were between < 2 and 8 years of age. Fever was the commonest symptom. Out of 200 encounters for patients with various acute respiratory infections, acute pharyngotonsillits were (62.5%), followed by acute laringitis (26.5%). Acute pneumonia represented by (11%) of the total acute respiratory infection cases. Penicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for acute pharyngotonsillitis among children patients (40.8% of prescriptions), followed by cephalosporins (36.0%) and aminoglycosides (23.2%). A high percentage (59.1%) of children patients diagnosed with acute pneumonia was treated with cephalosporins, whereas (27.3%) of children patients with acute pneumonia were treated with penicillins. However, only (13.6%) of children patients with acute pneumonia often treated with aminoglycosides antibiotics. In case of acute laryngitis, the antibiotic prescription rates were as follow: Penicillins (58.5%), Cephalosporis (30.2%) and aminoglycosides (11.3%).
1) The study compared the performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in 60 contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sao Luis, Brazil.
2) Using a 5mm cutoff, the TST showed 67.9% sensitivity, 84.4% specificity, 79.1% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value, and 76.7% accuracy compared to the IGRA.
3) The prevalence of LTBI was 40% by TST and 46.7% by IGRA. The agreement between the two tests was moderate, with a kappa coefficient of 0
Hyper IgM Syndrome is characterized by immunodeficiency with elevated serum IgM and low or absent other immunoglobulins due to a defect in class switching recombination. The most common form is X-linked Hyper IgM Syndrome caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene, affecting approximately 1 in 1,000,000 males. Clinical manifestations include recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Treatment involves hematopoietic stem cell transplantation which is curative but has better outcomes when performed at a younger age before organ damage develops.
This document discusses the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), and pharyngitis. It provides information on common etiologic agents, statistics on CAP in the US, diagnostic probabilities, modifying risk factors, appropriate initial antibiotic therapy, and factors that can improve outcomes.
During the first year after completing 1 year MDT, 27% of patients experienced a reactional state, mostly type 1 reversal reactions. In contrast, only 8% of patients who completed 2 year MDT experienced a reactional state. Furthermore, in the first two years after treatment, patients who received 1 year MDT had significantly more frequent, severe, and longer-lasting reactional states and reversal reactions compared to those who received 2 year MDT.
This study aims to analyze the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and clinical parameters in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The study will involve genotyping 105 FMS patients and 105 healthy controls to examine two VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI and BsmI) and their relationship to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and FMS symptoms. Blood samples will be collected and used to extract DNA, amplify genes via PCR, and identify polymorphisms through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results will help determine if VDR gene variations influence FMS risk and could aid in better classifying FMS patient subgroups.
This study identified risk factors for healthcare-associated bloodstream infections due to fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata. The study found that prior fluconazole use and linezolid use were independent risk factors for infections caused by fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata. Prior cefepime use and metronidazole use were risk factors for infections caused by fluconazole-susceptible C. glabrata. The study was conducted between 2003-2007 at three hospitals and included 76 cases of fluconazole-resistant infection, 68 cases of fluconazole-susceptible infection, and 512 controls.
Common antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory tract infected children i...iosrphr_editor
Background: Acute respiratory infection is a common disease in children. Most cases were due to upper respiratory tract infection. Early intervention and prompt treatment of acute respiratory infections are the easiest ways to prevent complications. Objective of the study: to determine the indications, frequency, and types of antibiotics used in hospitalized paediatric patients Messellata General Hospital , Messellata, Libya and to evaluate whether the prescribed antibiotics were based on the isolation of organism and their sensitivity. Study Design: Descriptive observational hospital based study. Results and discussion: A total of 200 child patients were included over 6 months of study period, in whom antibiotics were prescribed at the time of admission. The majority were between < 2 and 8 years of age. Fever was the commonest symptom. Out of 200 encounters for patients with various acute respiratory infections, acute pharyngotonsillits were (62.5%), followed by acute laringitis (26.5%). Acute pneumonia represented by (11%) of the total acute respiratory infection cases. Penicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for acute pharyngotonsillitis among children patients (40.8% of prescriptions), followed by cephalosporins (36.0%) and aminoglycosides (23.2%). A high percentage (59.1%) of children patients diagnosed with acute pneumonia was treated with cephalosporins, whereas (27.3%) of children patients with acute pneumonia were treated with penicillins. However, only (13.6%) of children patients with acute pneumonia often treated with aminoglycosides antibiotics. In case of acute laryngitis, the antibiotic prescription rates were as follow: Penicillins (58.5%), Cephalosporis (30.2%) and aminoglycosides (11.3%).
1) The study compared the performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in 60 contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sao Luis, Brazil.
2) Using a 5mm cutoff, the TST showed 67.9% sensitivity, 84.4% specificity, 79.1% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value, and 76.7% accuracy compared to the IGRA.
3) The prevalence of LTBI was 40% by TST and 46.7% by IGRA. The agreement between the two tests was moderate, with a kappa coefficient of 0
Hyper IgM Syndrome is characterized by immunodeficiency with elevated serum IgM and low or absent other immunoglobulins due to a defect in class switching recombination. The most common form is X-linked Hyper IgM Syndrome caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene, affecting approximately 1 in 1,000,000 males. Clinical manifestations include recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Treatment involves hematopoietic stem cell transplantation which is curative but has better outcomes when performed at a younger age before organ damage develops.
1. Biomedical Research Models, Inc. developed an inbred rat strain called the Multiple Autoimmune Disease (MAD) rat that is susceptible to developing multiple autoimmune diseases. This study characterized the MAD rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
2. The study found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands like polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) could reliably induce T1D in MAD rats, while the TLR ligand CpG did not induce diabetes. Poly I:C induced T1D in a dose-dependent manner.
3. T1D could be induced in MAD rats up to 34 days of age but the penetrance diminished at
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are severe drug reactions characterized by skin detachment and mucous membrane erosions. The document discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, severity assessment, investigations, complications, and management of SJS/TEN. Key points include the mortality rates associated with SJS and TEN which can be as high as 30% for TEN, the importance of assessing severity using tools like SCORTEN score, and the role of granulysin and other cytokines in the pathophysiology of epidermal necrosis in these conditions.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency or dysfunction. There are three main types: HAE type I and II involve C1INH mutations, while HAE type III has normal C1INH levels. Symptoms include non-pruritic swelling of the skin or mucosa. Abdominal or laryngeal attacks can be life-threatening. Diagnosis involves evaluating C1INH antigenic and functional levels. Treatment focuses on preventing attacks or treating acute episodes. Acquired angioedema has similar symptoms but later onset and is sometimes associated with lymphoproliferative disorders.
Immunological Aspects of Myasthenia Gravis Ade Wijaya
MG is an antibody-mediated neuromuscular junction disease caused by IgG antibodies against acetylcholine receptors or the muscle-specific kinase in some cases. The thymus often exhibits structural changes like tumors or follicular hyperplasia and plays an important role in the pathogenesis by impairing regulatory T cells and conventional T cells, creating a pro-inflammatory environment. Understanding the immunological mechanisms involved helps manage patients.
Carbamazepine induced steven johnson syndrome a case reportpharmaindexing
1) A 25-year-old female patient developed Steven Johnson Syndrome approximately one month after starting treatment with carbamazepine for seizures.
2) She had a previous history of developing Steven Johnson Syndrome after treatment with phenytoin.
3) Her symptoms improved after discontinuing carbamazepine and starting treatment with levetiracetam instead, along with supportive care including calosoft lotion, antibiotics, and paracetamol.
This document provides an overview of atopic dermatitis (AD), including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. AD is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itching and eczematous lesions. Its causes are complex and multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immunological dysregulation, and environmental factors. The pathophysiology involves interactions between these elements that result in chronic inflammation. AD follows a heterogeneous natural history and can range from early transient disease to chronic persistent forms.
How to treat psoriasis
how to manage psoriasis
difficult cases of psoriasis
diagnosis of psoriasis
cure of psoriasis
how to handle psoriasis
how to diagnose psoriasis
biological therapy of psoriasis
nail psoriasis
psoriasis icd 10
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowle...ijtsrd
Malnutrition and Tuberculosis chronic infectious disease are both problems of considerable magnitude in the most underdeveloped regions of the world. Malnutrition can leads to secondary immunodeficiency that increase the host susceptibility to infection. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on the knowledge and practice regarding dietary pattern among mothers of children with tuberculosis admitted in pediatric ward. Quasi experimental with two groups pre test post test design was used for 60 mothers at IPD and OPD of pediatric department and purposive sampling technique was used. Self structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and checklist for practice. In post test experimental group mothers have 63.3 average knowledge, 26.6 poor knowledge and 10 good knowledge while in the control group, 53.3 poor knowledge, 46.6 average knowledge and non hove good knowledge. In experimental group mean score was 17.9 1.96 while in control group mean score was 11.8 2.99. At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.21 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . In post test experimental group, mothers have 53.3 good practice, 46.6 average practice and none have poor practice while in the control group, 63.33 average practice, 23.3 poor practice and 13.3 good practice. In experimental group mean score was 19.13 1.99 while in the control group, mean score was 14.06 2.85.At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.28 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . These finding reveals that the planned teaching program on dietary pattern was effective. Mrs. Anchal Tiwari | Mrs. Anugrah Charan | Dr. Sarika Gupta "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Dietary Pattern among Mothers of Children with Tuberculosis Admitted in Pediatric Ward at KGMU Hospital, Lucknowv" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38591.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/38591/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-program-on-the-knowledge-and-practice-regarding-dietary-pattern-among-mothers-of-children-with-tuberculosis-admitted-in-pediatric-ward-at-kgmu-hospital-lucknowv/mrs-anchal-tiwari
Journal club presentation: by RxVichuZ!! ;)RxVichuZ
My 97th powerpoint... deals with the comparative study of efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam, as compared to meropenem in the treatment of ESBL(Extended spectrum beta-lactamases) infections.
A summarized insight has been provided, using research article from JAMA.
This document summarizes information about steroid hypersensitivity. It discusses allergic and nonallergic hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids and the factors that influence sensitization. Topical corticosteroids have a prevalence of allergy ranging from 0.2-5%, while systemic corticosteroids have a prevalence of 0.3%. The pathogenesis involves corticosteroids binding covalently to proteins. Cross-reactivity exists within corticosteroid groups based on structural similarities and shared metabolic pathways. Clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and management of corticosteroid hypersensitivity are also reviewed.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses Huntington's disease, a fatal genetic disorder caused by a mutated huntingtin gene. It explores potential genetic modifier genes that can influence the pathogenesis and symptoms of Huntington's disease, such as genes involved in DNA mismatch repair and the PPARGC1a gene. Identifying these modifier genes may help develop new therapeutic strategies to reduce the destructive effects of Huntington's disease.
This document discusses the case of a 77-year-old patient (MG) presenting with altered mental status and difficulty breathing who has a history of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR PA) infection. MG was initially treated with Zerbaxa for MDR PA but it was discontinued after 4 days. The patient's condition fluctuated with worsening infiltrates seen on imaging and they were ultimately discharged for hospice care due to declining status. The document provides background on MDR PA epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, treatment options including Zerbaxa and Avycaz, and risks of PA colonization.
Excess of Maternal Transmission of Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role of Bioche...asclepiuspdfs
Objective: An excess of maternal transmission of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported in some populations but not confirmed in other studies. Mitochondrial inheritance has been proposed to explain such excess. In the present paper, we have considered the presence of T2D in the mother and/or in the father in relation to the risk of T2D and to age at onset of the disease in the offspring. The distribution of two genetic polymorphisms involved in glucose metabolism in relation to the presence of T2D in the mother has been also considered. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-nine participants with T2D were studied in the population of Penne, a small rural town in the eastern side of central Italy. Adenosine deaminase locus 1 (ADA1) and phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1) phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were carried out using commercial software (SPSS). Results: The proportion of patients from T2D mothers is much greater as compared to the proportion of the patients from T2D fathers (P < 0.0001). Age at onset of the disease in patients in whom one or both parents are T2D is lower as compared to other patients. The distribution of ADA1 and PGM1 phenotypes in participants with T2D depends on the presence of diabetes in the mother. Conclusions: About the transmission of T2D, our data confirm the high proportion of maternal T2D and show the role of two common biochemical polymorphisms involved in glucose metabolism.
This document discusses the antifungal drug micafungin. It inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis and has activity against Candida and Aspergillus species. The document reviews micafungin's approved uses, dosing, safety profile, and a study evaluating its use at a hospital which found it was being used appropriately in most patients according to predetermined criteria for antifungal therapy. The study recommends continued restrictions on prescribing and improved documentation of infections and drug choice.
Red meat allergy, also known as alpha-gal allergy, is caused by IgE antibodies to the carbohydrate epitope galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) found in mammalian meats. Certain tick bites, such as from the lone star tick, are associated with the production of these IgE antibodies. Reactions to red meat following tick bites are often delayed 3-6 hours after ingestion. The discovery of the alpha-gal allergy has provided insights into regional differences in food allergies and advanced understanding of how environmental exposures can induce novel food allergies.
The document discusses the history and early studies of transfer factors, which are immune system regulators found in colostrum that can transfer immunity. Early studies showed transfer factors from blood were effective against various infections and diseases but posed contamination risks. Researchers then found transfer factors in bovine colostrum that were non-species specific and more effective. Later studies showed bovine colostrum transfer factors reduced relapse in Burkitt's lymphoma, showed preliminary benefits for AIDS patients, and helped treat recurrent cystitis.
This study examined the prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) at a hospital in southern Odisha, India. Of 112 clinically diagnosed CM patients, 16 cases were confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid analysis, showing a prevalence of 14.3%. Males aged 21-40 were most commonly affected. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, altered sensorium, and neck stiffness. CD4 T-lymphocyte counts were below 100 cells/μl in 93.7% of confirmed cases. All patients responded initially to antifungal therapy but 2 died during hospitalization and 4 were lost to follow up. Early diagnosis and treatment of CM is
Risk factors for reproductive disorders and major infectious causes of aborti...ILRI
Presented by Gezahegn Alemayehu, Azeb Gebretensay, Mourad Rekik, Fasil Aklilu, Biruk Alemu and Barbara Wieland at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
1. Biomedical Research Models, Inc. developed an inbred rat strain called the Multiple Autoimmune Disease (MAD) rat that is susceptible to developing multiple autoimmune diseases. This study characterized the MAD rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
2. The study found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands like polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) could reliably induce T1D in MAD rats, while the TLR ligand CpG did not induce diabetes. Poly I:C induced T1D in a dose-dependent manner.
3. T1D could be induced in MAD rats up to 34 days of age but the penetrance diminished at
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are severe drug reactions characterized by skin detachment and mucous membrane erosions. The document discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, severity assessment, investigations, complications, and management of SJS/TEN. Key points include the mortality rates associated with SJS and TEN which can be as high as 30% for TEN, the importance of assessing severity using tools like SCORTEN score, and the role of granulysin and other cytokines in the pathophysiology of epidermal necrosis in these conditions.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency or dysfunction. There are three main types: HAE type I and II involve C1INH mutations, while HAE type III has normal C1INH levels. Symptoms include non-pruritic swelling of the skin or mucosa. Abdominal or laryngeal attacks can be life-threatening. Diagnosis involves evaluating C1INH antigenic and functional levels. Treatment focuses on preventing attacks or treating acute episodes. Acquired angioedema has similar symptoms but later onset and is sometimes associated with lymphoproliferative disorders.
Immunological Aspects of Myasthenia Gravis Ade Wijaya
MG is an antibody-mediated neuromuscular junction disease caused by IgG antibodies against acetylcholine receptors or the muscle-specific kinase in some cases. The thymus often exhibits structural changes like tumors or follicular hyperplasia and plays an important role in the pathogenesis by impairing regulatory T cells and conventional T cells, creating a pro-inflammatory environment. Understanding the immunological mechanisms involved helps manage patients.
Carbamazepine induced steven johnson syndrome a case reportpharmaindexing
1) A 25-year-old female patient developed Steven Johnson Syndrome approximately one month after starting treatment with carbamazepine for seizures.
2) She had a previous history of developing Steven Johnson Syndrome after treatment with phenytoin.
3) Her symptoms improved after discontinuing carbamazepine and starting treatment with levetiracetam instead, along with supportive care including calosoft lotion, antibiotics, and paracetamol.
This document provides an overview of atopic dermatitis (AD), including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. AD is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itching and eczematous lesions. Its causes are complex and multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immunological dysregulation, and environmental factors. The pathophysiology involves interactions between these elements that result in chronic inflammation. AD follows a heterogeneous natural history and can range from early transient disease to chronic persistent forms.
How to treat psoriasis
how to manage psoriasis
difficult cases of psoriasis
diagnosis of psoriasis
cure of psoriasis
how to handle psoriasis
how to diagnose psoriasis
biological therapy of psoriasis
nail psoriasis
psoriasis icd 10
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowle...ijtsrd
Malnutrition and Tuberculosis chronic infectious disease are both problems of considerable magnitude in the most underdeveloped regions of the world. Malnutrition can leads to secondary immunodeficiency that increase the host susceptibility to infection. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on the knowledge and practice regarding dietary pattern among mothers of children with tuberculosis admitted in pediatric ward. Quasi experimental with two groups pre test post test design was used for 60 mothers at IPD and OPD of pediatric department and purposive sampling technique was used. Self structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and checklist for practice. In post test experimental group mothers have 63.3 average knowledge, 26.6 poor knowledge and 10 good knowledge while in the control group, 53.3 poor knowledge, 46.6 average knowledge and non hove good knowledge. In experimental group mean score was 17.9 1.96 while in control group mean score was 11.8 2.99. At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.21 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . In post test experimental group, mothers have 53.3 good practice, 46.6 average practice and none have poor practice while in the control group, 63.33 average practice, 23.3 poor practice and 13.3 good practice. In experimental group mean score was 19.13 1.99 while in the control group, mean score was 14.06 2.85.At the “p” value 0.05, the calculated t value 3.28 was compared with the tabulated value 2.01 . These finding reveals that the planned teaching program on dietary pattern was effective. Mrs. Anchal Tiwari | Mrs. Anugrah Charan | Dr. Sarika Gupta "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Dietary Pattern among Mothers of Children with Tuberculosis Admitted in Pediatric Ward at KGMU Hospital, Lucknowv" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38591.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/38591/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-program-on-the-knowledge-and-practice-regarding-dietary-pattern-among-mothers-of-children-with-tuberculosis-admitted-in-pediatric-ward-at-kgmu-hospital-lucknowv/mrs-anchal-tiwari
Journal club presentation: by RxVichuZ!! ;)RxVichuZ
My 97th powerpoint... deals with the comparative study of efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam, as compared to meropenem in the treatment of ESBL(Extended spectrum beta-lactamases) infections.
A summarized insight has been provided, using research article from JAMA.
This document summarizes information about steroid hypersensitivity. It discusses allergic and nonallergic hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids and the factors that influence sensitization. Topical corticosteroids have a prevalence of allergy ranging from 0.2-5%, while systemic corticosteroids have a prevalence of 0.3%. The pathogenesis involves corticosteroids binding covalently to proteins. Cross-reactivity exists within corticosteroid groups based on structural similarities and shared metabolic pathways. Clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and management of corticosteroid hypersensitivity are also reviewed.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses Huntington's disease, a fatal genetic disorder caused by a mutated huntingtin gene. It explores potential genetic modifier genes that can influence the pathogenesis and symptoms of Huntington's disease, such as genes involved in DNA mismatch repair and the PPARGC1a gene. Identifying these modifier genes may help develop new therapeutic strategies to reduce the destructive effects of Huntington's disease.
This document discusses the case of a 77-year-old patient (MG) presenting with altered mental status and difficulty breathing who has a history of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR PA) infection. MG was initially treated with Zerbaxa for MDR PA but it was discontinued after 4 days. The patient's condition fluctuated with worsening infiltrates seen on imaging and they were ultimately discharged for hospice care due to declining status. The document provides background on MDR PA epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, treatment options including Zerbaxa and Avycaz, and risks of PA colonization.
Excess of Maternal Transmission of Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role of Bioche...asclepiuspdfs
Objective: An excess of maternal transmission of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported in some populations but not confirmed in other studies. Mitochondrial inheritance has been proposed to explain such excess. In the present paper, we have considered the presence of T2D in the mother and/or in the father in relation to the risk of T2D and to age at onset of the disease in the offspring. The distribution of two genetic polymorphisms involved in glucose metabolism in relation to the presence of T2D in the mother has been also considered. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-nine participants with T2D were studied in the population of Penne, a small rural town in the eastern side of central Italy. Adenosine deaminase locus 1 (ADA1) and phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1) phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were carried out using commercial software (SPSS). Results: The proportion of patients from T2D mothers is much greater as compared to the proportion of the patients from T2D fathers (P < 0.0001). Age at onset of the disease in patients in whom one or both parents are T2D is lower as compared to other patients. The distribution of ADA1 and PGM1 phenotypes in participants with T2D depends on the presence of diabetes in the mother. Conclusions: About the transmission of T2D, our data confirm the high proportion of maternal T2D and show the role of two common biochemical polymorphisms involved in glucose metabolism.
This document discusses the antifungal drug micafungin. It inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis and has activity against Candida and Aspergillus species. The document reviews micafungin's approved uses, dosing, safety profile, and a study evaluating its use at a hospital which found it was being used appropriately in most patients according to predetermined criteria for antifungal therapy. The study recommends continued restrictions on prescribing and improved documentation of infections and drug choice.
Red meat allergy, also known as alpha-gal allergy, is caused by IgE antibodies to the carbohydrate epitope galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) found in mammalian meats. Certain tick bites, such as from the lone star tick, are associated with the production of these IgE antibodies. Reactions to red meat following tick bites are often delayed 3-6 hours after ingestion. The discovery of the alpha-gal allergy has provided insights into regional differences in food allergies and advanced understanding of how environmental exposures can induce novel food allergies.
The document discusses the history and early studies of transfer factors, which are immune system regulators found in colostrum that can transfer immunity. Early studies showed transfer factors from blood were effective against various infections and diseases but posed contamination risks. Researchers then found transfer factors in bovine colostrum that were non-species specific and more effective. Later studies showed bovine colostrum transfer factors reduced relapse in Burkitt's lymphoma, showed preliminary benefits for AIDS patients, and helped treat recurrent cystitis.
This study examined the prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) at a hospital in southern Odisha, India. Of 112 clinically diagnosed CM patients, 16 cases were confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid analysis, showing a prevalence of 14.3%. Males aged 21-40 were most commonly affected. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, altered sensorium, and neck stiffness. CD4 T-lymphocyte counts were below 100 cells/μl in 93.7% of confirmed cases. All patients responded initially to antifungal therapy but 2 died during hospitalization and 4 were lost to follow up. Early diagnosis and treatment of CM is
Risk factors for reproductive disorders and major infectious causes of aborti...ILRI
Presented by Gezahegn Alemayehu, Azeb Gebretensay, Mourad Rekik, Fasil Aklilu, Biruk Alemu and Barbara Wieland at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
Serological prevalence of human trichinellosis and cysticercosis in Hoa Binh ...ILRI
Presentation by Luong Nguyen-Thanh, Meghan Cook, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Anne Mayer-Scholl, Dianna Meemken and Fred Unger at the 13th SafePork Conference, Berlin, Germany, 26-29 August 2019.
Food safety risk prioritization: Case studies from AsiaILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at a Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety webinar on 'Applying risk-based approaches in food safety', 14 June 2023.
The approach to neonatal bacterial infections - Irja LutsarWAidid
Professor Irja Lutsar (Tartu, Estonia) focuses on bacterial infections in neonates: she shows types and origins of neonatal sepsis and goes through the available treatments.
Fnd out more on www.waidid.org!
Acute bacterial meningitis in children with 1st episode of febrile_V2.pptxrasel64
This study aimed to determine the frequency of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) among children aged 6-60 months presenting with their first febrile seizure at a hospital in Pakistan. Of the 169 children studied, ABM was diagnosed in 10 children (5.92%). Stratification showed no significant associations between ABM diagnosis and factors like age, gender, family history, maternal education or residence. While the study found a lower prevalence than some others, vaccinations have reduced global bacterial meningitis rates among febrile seizure cases. The conclusion is that ABM frequency in children with febrile seizures is not high, at 5.92% in this study population.
Re-emerging Trichinella seroprevalence in Ban pigs raised by ethnic minoritie...ILRI
This document summarizes a study on Trichinella seroprevalence in indigenous pigs in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. The study tested 352 pigs from six communes and found an overall seroprevalence of 13.6%, with no significant differences among communes. Sero prevalence was higher in female pigs (17%) than male pigs (8.8%), and in pigs over 6 months (19%) than under 6 months (9.5%). This provides first data on Trichinella infection in these pigs, which are raised under roaming/semi-hygienic conditions posing disease risks. Increased awareness and improved livestock practices are recommended to make pork safer for local consumption.
Seroprevalence of trichinellosis and cysticercosis infections of pigs correla...ILRI
Presentation by Vannaphone Putthana, Thipphakone Lacksivy, Dethaloun Meunsen, Amphone Keosengthong, Khao Keonam, Palamy Changleuxai, Fongsamouth Suthammavong, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Fred Unger at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Cattle diseases in dairy herds in Tanzania: Farmers’ view and laboratory conf...ILRI
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Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
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collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
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We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
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1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
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Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
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and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
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ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Occurrence of trichinellosis in indigenous pigs of ethnic minorities in Vietnam
1. Occurrence of Trichinellosis in indigenous pigs of
ethnic minorities in Vietnam
Vu Thi Nga, Trang Le Thi Huyen, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Anne
Mayer-Scholl, Diana Meemken, Nguyen Lan Anh, Maximilian Baumann,
Pham Thi Ngoc, Fred Unger
2.
3. OBJECTIVES
• Determine the
seroprevalence of pig
trichinellosis in Da Bac
district, Hoa Binh
province, Vietnam in 2018
• Identify potential risk factors
against Trichinella spp. in
indigenous pigs
4. METHODS
Study design
-Cross-sectional study June – September 2018
-2 parts:
oQuestionnaire survey: knowledge and
perception on food-borne parasitic diseases and
related husbandry practices
6 communes in Da Bac – 131 households
oPig blood collection
2-3 pigs per household
352 pig blood samples within 131 households
Tests: Trichinella antibod, in-house ELISA
developed by BfR, Natioanl Reference Lab for
Trichinalla
Da Bac, Hoa Binh province
5. Socio-demographic
Information of households
Characteristics
Male (n=91) Female (n=40) Total (n=131)
% % n %
Age group
18-30 11 20 18 13.7
31-45 49.4 40 61 46.6
46-60 35.2 20 40 30.5
>60 4.4 20 12 9.2
Ethnic Group
Tay 89 82.5 114 87
Dao 9.9 12.5 14 10.7
Viet/Kinh 1.1 5 3 2.3
Occupation
Farmer 99 97.5 129 98.5
Other 1 2.5 2 1.5
Education attainment
Primary school or less 26.4 42.5 41 31.3
Secondary school 37.4 40 50 38.2
High school and higher 36.2 17.5 40 30.5
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
6. Livestock system and
hygiene conditions
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
111
(85%)
20 (15%)
Pit-latrine Flushing toilet
Toilet model (n=131)
112
(85%)
19
(15%)
Yes No
Presence of rat (n=131)
Information No. of farms (%)
Raising system
Fenced 45 (34.4)
Roaming 21 (16.0)
Semi-fencing 65 (49.6)
Farm scale
<10 pigs/farm 102 (77.9)
≥10 pigs/farm 29 (22.1)
Pig origin from the same village
Yes 131 (100)
No 0 (0)
Sell pig at the same village
Yes 126 (96.2)
No 5 (3.8)
Slaughtering pig at home
Yes 129 (98.5)
No 2 (1.5)
Raising other animals at farm (dog, cat, poultry, cattle) are
common
7. RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Consumption of raw pork
Consumption of raw/fermented pork among genders
* No significant different between gender (Fisher exact test, p>0.05)
Frequency Male Female Total
Daily 0 0 0
Once a week 1 1 2
Once a month 4 1 5
Others (less often, only on
cultural events) 19 11 30
Never 67 27 94
Total 91 40 131
8. RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Knowledge
• 18/131 (13.7%) said they know at least 1 FBPD
- Only 2/18 and 5/18 and can name Trichinellosis
and Cysticercosis
- 3/7 knew that eating is the mode of
transmission, but did not know what type of
food.
- The rest (11/18) mentioned FMD, leptospirosis,
Streptococcus.
10. RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Trichinellosis sero-prevalence
in pigs
Location
Number of pigs (352)
N Trichinellosis positive n (%)
Muong Chieng 50 5 (10.0)
Giap Dat 68 10 (14.7)
Doan Ket 60 7 (11.7)
Cao Son 76 10 (13.2)
Tan Minh 60 13 (21.7)
Trung Thanh 38 3 (7.9)
Total 352 48 (13.6)
• Dien Bien & Son La 2012/Antibody ELISA: 6.8% (Nga et al.)
• Son La 2009/Antibody ELISA: 19.9% (Nga et al.)
12. RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Risk factors of Trichinellosis
Factors
Adjusted
odds ratio
95% CI p-value
Age (younger than 6 months
as a reference)
7-12 months 2.1 (0.9 – 4.9) 0.09
>12 months 4.4 (1.7 – 11.5) <0.01
Raising cattle 2.4 (1.1 – 5.2) 0.03
Multivariable GLMM result of pig individual level
• Multivariable GLMM result
- Household level: No significant association
- Individual level: Age of pigs, practice of raising cattle
13. Additional analysis
• Response to the food safety “crisis”
linked to the Cysticercosis in school
students in Thuan Thanh, Bac Ninh
province February, 2019
Sero-prevalence
of Cysticercosis
Nhân Dân, 15/3/2019 https://www.nhandan.com.vn/y-te/item/39514702-57-tre-mam-non-bac-ninh-duong-tinh-voi-san-
lon.html
• >400 students checked at hospital by
concern of their parents, 10-25% positive
with cysticercosis (ELISA)
• Slow reaction of MOH
• Caused food safety scandal and panic
• Further work on Cysticercosis in pigs
14. CONCLUSIONS
• Risk perception of local people is good, but
knowledge on zoonoses rather poor
• Eating behavior: consumption of raw pork during
ceremonies/parties still happens
• High prevalence of Trichinellosis (13.6%)
• Trichinellosis in pigs increased by age
15. NEXT STEPS
• Intervention to improve knowledge
and husbandry practice of local
people
• Lack of meat inspection, local
butchers targeted with simple
guideline
• Understand raising practice of
positive cases
• Cross-check the pigs and human
positive results to find related risk
factors: One Health
17. better lives through livestock
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