This document discusses Bluetooth technology. It describes how Bluetooth allows devices to connect wirelessly within a short range using radio waves. It can connect up to 8 devices in a piconet within a 10 meter radius. Data is transferred at rates up to 1 Mbps using frequency hopping across 79 channels to avoid interference. Bluetooth gets its name from the Viking king who united different regions in Scandinavia.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was created in 1994 and named after the Viking king Harald Bluetooth who united Denmark and Norway. Bluetooth uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz to enable communication between devices like computers, phones and wireless accessories. It allows up to seven devices to connect in a personal area network (PAN) called a piconet, with one device acting as the master that the others connect to as slaves. Bluetooth provides wireless alternatives to wires and cables through frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology which changes the transmission frequency many times per second, distributing the
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range data transmission between electronic devices like computers, phones, and other peripherals. The document discusses Bluetooth's architecture and protocols which break down data into packets suitable for wireless transmission. It describes how Bluetooth devices connect and exchange data securely using encryption. Finally, it outlines Bluetooth's advantages like wireless connectivity for mobile devices and limitations like its short connection distance.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It allows many types of electronic devices to connect without cables by using a short-range radio link in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Key features include connecting up to 7 devices in a piconet, transmitting signals through walls, and low power consumption which makes it suitable for battery-powered devices. Potential applications include wireless internet access, connecting computer peripherals, smart sensors, and enabling hands-free mobile device features. The technology continues to expand with more application profiles and consumer needs being addressed.
Bluetooth Technology In Wireless Communicationsguestac67362
Bluetooth technology allows for wireless communication without wires or cables between devices like computers, phones, and other electronics. It uses short-range radio links in the 2.4GHz spectrum. The document discusses the history and development of Bluetooth, its architecture including piconets and scatter nets, baseband protocols, and software protocols like L2CAP that allow different devices to communicate over Bluetooth connections. Industrial automation is highlighted as a major application of Bluetooth technology for wireless monitoring and control of machines in a factory.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range wireless communication between various electronic devices like mobile phones, laptops, printers, headphones, among others. It uses a low-power, short-range radio transmitter in each device within a small area called a piconet. A piconet can have one master device and up to seven connected slave devices. Bluetooth devices communicate by frequently changing radio frequencies using a technique called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Common applications of Bluetooth technology include file transfer, internet access, synchronization, and connecting headsets.
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses what Bluetooth is, its history and development by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The key technical features of Bluetooth like its operating spectrum, data rates, encryption standards and classifications are explained. The document also outlines the Bluetooth protocol stack including the baseband, link manager and middleware layers. Common Bluetooth profiles and potential applications are reviewed. Finally, the security measures used by Bluetooth and its advantages compared to alternatives like infrared are summarized.
The document discusses Bluetooth technology. It provides an overview of Bluetooth, including its history and development. The key points are:
- Bluetooth was developed in 1994 as a wireless standard to replace wired cables and enable communication between nearby electronic devices.
- It uses short-range radio transmissions in the 2.4GHz spectrum for data transfer between devices within about 10 meters of each other.
- The Bluetooth standard defines protocols and procedures for device discovery, connection establishment, and data and voice transfer between paired devices.
- Common applications of Bluetooth include wireless headphones, medical devices, sports sensors, and connecting computers, phones and other consumer electronics without cables.
- The technology aims to provide secure, low
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard launched in 1998 that allows for instant wireless connectivity between mobile devices like phones, laptops, and other electronics within 10 meters of each other. It uses short-range radio signals to exchange data and voice transmissions without needing a direct line of sight. Bluetooth eliminates the need for wired connections and allows devices to automatically synchronize and connect when in range. Potential applications include unlocking doors, automatically checking into hotels, and wirelessly printing between rooms.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was created in 1994 and named after the Viking king Harald Bluetooth who united Denmark and Norway. Bluetooth uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz to enable communication between devices like computers, phones and wireless accessories. It allows up to seven devices to connect in a personal area network (PAN) called a piconet, with one device acting as the master that the others connect to as slaves. Bluetooth provides wireless alternatives to wires and cables through frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology which changes the transmission frequency many times per second, distributing the
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range data transmission between electronic devices like computers, phones, and other peripherals. The document discusses Bluetooth's architecture and protocols which break down data into packets suitable for wireless transmission. It describes how Bluetooth devices connect and exchange data securely using encryption. Finally, it outlines Bluetooth's advantages like wireless connectivity for mobile devices and limitations like its short connection distance.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It allows many types of electronic devices to connect without cables by using a short-range radio link in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Key features include connecting up to 7 devices in a piconet, transmitting signals through walls, and low power consumption which makes it suitable for battery-powered devices. Potential applications include wireless internet access, connecting computer peripherals, smart sensors, and enabling hands-free mobile device features. The technology continues to expand with more application profiles and consumer needs being addressed.
Bluetooth Technology In Wireless Communicationsguestac67362
Bluetooth technology allows for wireless communication without wires or cables between devices like computers, phones, and other electronics. It uses short-range radio links in the 2.4GHz spectrum. The document discusses the history and development of Bluetooth, its architecture including piconets and scatter nets, baseband protocols, and software protocols like L2CAP that allow different devices to communicate over Bluetooth connections. Industrial automation is highlighted as a major application of Bluetooth technology for wireless monitoring and control of machines in a factory.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range wireless communication between various electronic devices like mobile phones, laptops, printers, headphones, among others. It uses a low-power, short-range radio transmitter in each device within a small area called a piconet. A piconet can have one master device and up to seven connected slave devices. Bluetooth devices communicate by frequently changing radio frequencies using a technique called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Common applications of Bluetooth technology include file transfer, internet access, synchronization, and connecting headsets.
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses what Bluetooth is, its history and development by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The key technical features of Bluetooth like its operating spectrum, data rates, encryption standards and classifications are explained. The document also outlines the Bluetooth protocol stack including the baseband, link manager and middleware layers. Common Bluetooth profiles and potential applications are reviewed. Finally, the security measures used by Bluetooth and its advantages compared to alternatives like infrared are summarized.
The document discusses Bluetooth technology. It provides an overview of Bluetooth, including its history and development. The key points are:
- Bluetooth was developed in 1994 as a wireless standard to replace wired cables and enable communication between nearby electronic devices.
- It uses short-range radio transmissions in the 2.4GHz spectrum for data transfer between devices within about 10 meters of each other.
- The Bluetooth standard defines protocols and procedures for device discovery, connection establishment, and data and voice transfer between paired devices.
- Common applications of Bluetooth include wireless headphones, medical devices, sports sensors, and connecting computers, phones and other consumer electronics without cables.
- The technology aims to provide secure, low
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard launched in 1998 that allows for instant wireless connectivity between mobile devices like phones, laptops, and other electronics within 10 meters of each other. It uses short-range radio signals to exchange data and voice transmissions without needing a direct line of sight. Bluetooth eliminates the need for wired connections and allows devices to automatically synchronize and connect when in range. Potential applications include unlocking doors, automatically checking into hotels, and wirelessly printing between rooms.
Bluetooth is a wireless standard that allows electronic devices to connect and exchange information within short ranges without wires or cables. A Bluetooth connection forms a piconet, with up to 8 devices connected to a single master device using radio frequency. Bluetooth addresses security, interference, and power consumption concerns. It uses frequency hopping, authentication, and encryption to secure connections between devices in a piconet.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on Bluetooth technology. The presentation was given by Quraishi.M.Shoeb Alimuddin, a student at Terna polytechnic in Navi Mumbai, India. The presentation covers the history of Bluetooth, how the technology works, common protocols used, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It provides details on the origins of Bluetooth and the formation of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The presentation also explains how Bluetooth devices connect and communicate within short distances using radio frequency transmissions.
Bluetooth based smart sensor devices 2Vijay Kribpz
This document discusses Bluetooth-based smart sensor devices. It begins with an abstract and introduction to Bluetooth technology, defining it as a short-range wireless standard. It then covers Bluetooth operations, topologies of piconets and scatternets, and how Bluetooth works. The document discusses using sensors with Bluetooth, including examples like pressure sensors. It describes building Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks and addressing Bluetooth security. It outlines characteristics and applications of Bluetooth technology, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion envisions future expansion of Bluetooth applications.
The document discusses the technology needs of future warriors. It describes a system using 4G networks to provide soldiers with enhanced communication, detection, guidance and monitoring abilities. Key features include an ad-hoc peer-to-peer mesh network for communication without fixed infrastructure, geo-location triangulation beyond GPS, security from jamming and capture, and IP networking. The system would provide ground guidance to avoid obstacles, detect and identify units beyond line of sight, transfer targeting data, and monitor soldier status and rescue injured soldiers. It proposes power-assisting exoskeletons and protective nanotechnology uniforms that are lightweight yet strong enough to withstand gunfire. Sensors would allow soldiers to control devices by voice and be monitored for health and
Bluetooth is a wireless technology developed in 1994 that allows electronic devices such as computers, phones, and other home appliances to connect without wires. It uses short-range radio transmissions to communicate and establish connections between devices within about 30 feet of each other. Bluetooth aims to eliminate cable clutter and enable easy data transfer and synchronization between devices. While it faces some security issues, Bluetooth's ability to connect devices wirelessly positions it to become widely adopted in homes and businesses.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs). It was created in 1994 by telecom vendor Ericsson. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band, using a frequency hopping spread spectrum technique to avoid interference. It defines a packet-based protocol with a master-slave structure, where one master communicates with up to 7 slaves in a piconet. Piconets can be connected to create larger scatternets. Bluetooth supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands. It allows for connection between devices like computers, phones, keyboards, printers, headsets within a range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth operates using a frequency-hopping spread spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band to avoid interference and jamming. Up to eight devices can be connected in a piconet, with one device acting as the master and up to seven acting as slaves. Multiple piconets can be further connected to form a scatternet, allowing for many more than eight devices to be connected together. Bluetooth is commonly used for hands-free calling, file
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows electronic devices to communicate within short distances without wires or cables. It was invented in 1994 by Ericsson and uses radio waves to transfer data between devices like phones, laptops, and other portable devices. Common applications of Bluetooth include file transfers, connecting peripherals, wireless headphones, and connecting to cars or home stereos for hands-free calling.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows devices like mobile phones, laptops, headphones, and other electronics to communicate securely with each other within a range of about 30 feet. It works by using radio waves to automatically connect devices to share files, synchronize data, print wirelessly, and create mobile personal area networks without wires. Bluetooth got its name from the Danish king Harald Bluetooth who united Denmark and Norway, just as Bluetooth technology serves to connect electronic devices.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology that allows devices to connect without wires. It uses radio waves to transmit data between fixed or portable devices securely. Bluetooth devices can connect to form a piconet of up to seven devices connected to one master device or scatternet of multiple connected piconets. Bluetooth uses frequency hopping spread spectrum technology and adaptive frequency hopping to minimize interference. It has defined profiles for common applications and provides security modes to enforce link-level security. Common applications of Bluetooth include wireless headsets, input devices, file transfer between devices, and connecting devices in personal area networks.
Bluetooth smart technology(description about all versions)lurdhu agnes
Bluetooth technology was developed in 1994 by Ericsson in Sweden to eliminate the need for proprietary cable connections between devices. It uses short-range radio transmissions to allow wireless connections between nearby electronic devices like phones, computers, and other devices. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group was formed in 1998 to develop specifications so that Bluetooth devices from different manufacturers can interoperate. Bluetooth technology is now widely used to wirelessly connect a variety of consumer and industrial devices over short distances.
This document discusses Bluetooth technology. It begins by describing what Bluetooth is and how it works. Bluetooth allows wireless communication between devices within 10 meters of each other. It then covers the advantages of Bluetooth, such as eliminating cables, automatically connecting devices, and low power consumption. Potential disadvantages discussed include low data rates compared to infrared and an inability to connect more than one device at a time. The document concludes by suggesting that Bluetooth will continue improving and may eventually replace other wireless technologies.
The document summarizes Bluetooth technology. It discusses how Bluetooth simplifies wireless data synchronization using short-range radio technology. It then describes the Bluetooth protocol stack including layers like the baseband, LMP, HCI, and various adopted protocols. The document outlines Bluetooth profiles and how they describe implementation of user models. It also provides an overview of Bluetooth modes of operation, versions, applications, advantages, security issues, and disadvantages.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It allows for data transmission between devices like computers, phones, and other peripherals. Bluetooth operates using radio waves in the unlicensed 2.4GHz spectrum in a process called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. It establishes short-range radio links called piconets that allow for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.
This presentation report summarizes a group presentation on Bluetooth technology. The report includes an introduction, contents listing, and sections on Bluetooth history, communication and connection, implementation, and key concepts. A group of 5 students presented on various aspects of Bluetooth, including its introduction and history, communication workings, security, advantages and disadvantages, current and future uses.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range wireless transmissions between devices like mobile phones, headphones, laptops and more. It uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands to transmit data over short distances of about 10 meters. Bluetooth specifications include frequency hopping, packet structure and encryption for security.
This document presents information about Bluetooth technology. It provides an overview of Bluetooth, describing how it works as a wireless standard for exchanging data over short distances. It details how Bluetooth devices connect to form personal area networks, and lists some common application scenarios like synchronization and wireless headsets. Finally, it discusses some advantages of Bluetooth like replacing cables, and disadvantages such as limited range and security issues.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range transmission of data between devices like mobile phones, laptops, and other electronic devices. It uses a radio transmitter in each device which communicates in the 2.4 GHz range. Connections can be point-to-point or involve up to eight devices in a network. Bluetooth devices are classified based on their maximum transmission power and can transmit data at speeds up to 2 Mbps.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks with high levels of security. It was created by Ericsson in 1994 to provide a wireless alternative to RS-232 cables and can connect several devices overcoming synchronization problems. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group oversees development of the specification and qualification of Bluetooth devices.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands. It allows for the replacement of cables that traditionally connect devices, enabling devices such as phones, laptops, printers, digital cameras, and video game controllers to establish short-range radio links to connect and exchange information. Bluetooth technology works as a universal bridge between existing data networks and provides a mechanism for devices to form short-term networks when in close proximity without needing to be part of a permanent network infrastructure.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows various electronic devices such as computers, phones, and headphones to connect and communicate without wires. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz radio band and can connect up to 8 devices within a range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth was developed in 1994 by Ericsson to simplify connections between devices by replacing cables. It has since become widely adopted and integrated into many consumer electronic products.
Bluetooth is a wireless standard that allows electronic devices to connect and exchange information within short ranges without wires or cables. A Bluetooth connection forms a piconet, with up to 8 devices connected to a single master device using radio frequency. Bluetooth addresses security, interference, and power consumption concerns. It uses frequency hopping, authentication, and encryption to secure connections between devices in a piconet.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on Bluetooth technology. The presentation was given by Quraishi.M.Shoeb Alimuddin, a student at Terna polytechnic in Navi Mumbai, India. The presentation covers the history of Bluetooth, how the technology works, common protocols used, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It provides details on the origins of Bluetooth and the formation of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The presentation also explains how Bluetooth devices connect and communicate within short distances using radio frequency transmissions.
Bluetooth based smart sensor devices 2Vijay Kribpz
This document discusses Bluetooth-based smart sensor devices. It begins with an abstract and introduction to Bluetooth technology, defining it as a short-range wireless standard. It then covers Bluetooth operations, topologies of piconets and scatternets, and how Bluetooth works. The document discusses using sensors with Bluetooth, including examples like pressure sensors. It describes building Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks and addressing Bluetooth security. It outlines characteristics and applications of Bluetooth technology, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion envisions future expansion of Bluetooth applications.
The document discusses the technology needs of future warriors. It describes a system using 4G networks to provide soldiers with enhanced communication, detection, guidance and monitoring abilities. Key features include an ad-hoc peer-to-peer mesh network for communication without fixed infrastructure, geo-location triangulation beyond GPS, security from jamming and capture, and IP networking. The system would provide ground guidance to avoid obstacles, detect and identify units beyond line of sight, transfer targeting data, and monitor soldier status and rescue injured soldiers. It proposes power-assisting exoskeletons and protective nanotechnology uniforms that are lightweight yet strong enough to withstand gunfire. Sensors would allow soldiers to control devices by voice and be monitored for health and
Bluetooth is a wireless technology developed in 1994 that allows electronic devices such as computers, phones, and other home appliances to connect without wires. It uses short-range radio transmissions to communicate and establish connections between devices within about 30 feet of each other. Bluetooth aims to eliminate cable clutter and enable easy data transfer and synchronization between devices. While it faces some security issues, Bluetooth's ability to connect devices wirelessly positions it to become widely adopted in homes and businesses.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs). It was created in 1994 by telecom vendor Ericsson. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band, using a frequency hopping spread spectrum technique to avoid interference. It defines a packet-based protocol with a master-slave structure, where one master communicates with up to 7 slaves in a piconet. Piconets can be connected to create larger scatternets. Bluetooth supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands. It allows for connection between devices like computers, phones, keyboards, printers, headsets within a range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth operates using a frequency-hopping spread spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band to avoid interference and jamming. Up to eight devices can be connected in a piconet, with one device acting as the master and up to seven acting as slaves. Multiple piconets can be further connected to form a scatternet, allowing for many more than eight devices to be connected together. Bluetooth is commonly used for hands-free calling, file
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows electronic devices to communicate within short distances without wires or cables. It was invented in 1994 by Ericsson and uses radio waves to transfer data between devices like phones, laptops, and other portable devices. Common applications of Bluetooth include file transfers, connecting peripherals, wireless headphones, and connecting to cars or home stereos for hands-free calling.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows devices like mobile phones, laptops, headphones, and other electronics to communicate securely with each other within a range of about 30 feet. It works by using radio waves to automatically connect devices to share files, synchronize data, print wirelessly, and create mobile personal area networks without wires. Bluetooth got its name from the Danish king Harald Bluetooth who united Denmark and Norway, just as Bluetooth technology serves to connect electronic devices.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology that allows devices to connect without wires. It uses radio waves to transmit data between fixed or portable devices securely. Bluetooth devices can connect to form a piconet of up to seven devices connected to one master device or scatternet of multiple connected piconets. Bluetooth uses frequency hopping spread spectrum technology and adaptive frequency hopping to minimize interference. It has defined profiles for common applications and provides security modes to enforce link-level security. Common applications of Bluetooth include wireless headsets, input devices, file transfer between devices, and connecting devices in personal area networks.
Bluetooth smart technology(description about all versions)lurdhu agnes
Bluetooth technology was developed in 1994 by Ericsson in Sweden to eliminate the need for proprietary cable connections between devices. It uses short-range radio transmissions to allow wireless connections between nearby electronic devices like phones, computers, and other devices. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group was formed in 1998 to develop specifications so that Bluetooth devices from different manufacturers can interoperate. Bluetooth technology is now widely used to wirelessly connect a variety of consumer and industrial devices over short distances.
This document discusses Bluetooth technology. It begins by describing what Bluetooth is and how it works. Bluetooth allows wireless communication between devices within 10 meters of each other. It then covers the advantages of Bluetooth, such as eliminating cables, automatically connecting devices, and low power consumption. Potential disadvantages discussed include low data rates compared to infrared and an inability to connect more than one device at a time. The document concludes by suggesting that Bluetooth will continue improving and may eventually replace other wireless technologies.
The document summarizes Bluetooth technology. It discusses how Bluetooth simplifies wireless data synchronization using short-range radio technology. It then describes the Bluetooth protocol stack including layers like the baseband, LMP, HCI, and various adopted protocols. The document outlines Bluetooth profiles and how they describe implementation of user models. It also provides an overview of Bluetooth modes of operation, versions, applications, advantages, security issues, and disadvantages.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It allows for data transmission between devices like computers, phones, and other peripherals. Bluetooth operates using radio waves in the unlicensed 2.4GHz spectrum in a process called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. It establishes short-range radio links called piconets that allow for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.
This presentation report summarizes a group presentation on Bluetooth technology. The report includes an introduction, contents listing, and sections on Bluetooth history, communication and connection, implementation, and key concepts. A group of 5 students presented on various aspects of Bluetooth, including its introduction and history, communication workings, security, advantages and disadvantages, current and future uses.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range wireless transmissions between devices like mobile phones, headphones, laptops and more. It uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands to transmit data over short distances of about 10 meters. Bluetooth specifications include frequency hopping, packet structure and encryption for security.
This document presents information about Bluetooth technology. It provides an overview of Bluetooth, describing how it works as a wireless standard for exchanging data over short distances. It details how Bluetooth devices connect to form personal area networks, and lists some common application scenarios like synchronization and wireless headsets. Finally, it discusses some advantages of Bluetooth like replacing cables, and disadvantages such as limited range and security issues.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range transmission of data between devices like mobile phones, laptops, and other electronic devices. It uses a radio transmitter in each device which communicates in the 2.4 GHz range. Connections can be point-to-point or involve up to eight devices in a network. Bluetooth devices are classified based on their maximum transmission power and can transmit data at speeds up to 2 Mbps.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks with high levels of security. It was created by Ericsson in 1994 to provide a wireless alternative to RS-232 cables and can connect several devices overcoming synchronization problems. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group oversees development of the specification and qualification of Bluetooth devices.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands. It allows for the replacement of cables that traditionally connect devices, enabling devices such as phones, laptops, printers, digital cameras, and video game controllers to establish short-range radio links to connect and exchange information. Bluetooth technology works as a universal bridge between existing data networks and provides a mechanism for devices to form short-term networks when in close proximity without needing to be part of a permanent network infrastructure.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows various electronic devices such as computers, phones, and headphones to connect and communicate without wires. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz radio band and can connect up to 8 devices within a range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth was developed in 1994 by Ericsson to simplify connections between devices by replacing cables. It has since become widely adopted and integrated into many consumer electronic products.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was originally conceived as a cable replacement and can be used for data transfer, wireless audio, etc. Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 GHz spectrum and has an effective range of about 10 meters. It works by establishing short-range radio links called piconets that allow devices to connect and exchange information securely in an ad-hoc manner. The technology has grown in popularity and future versions aim to improve capabilities such as speed, range and security.
PPT on Bluetooth Based Wireless Sensor NetworksSiya Agarwal
Bluetooth wireless sensor networks can be implemented using Bluetooth technology. Smart sensor nodes equipped with sensors, microprocessors and Bluetooth communication interface can collect data and transmit it to a gateway node. The network involves discovering Bluetooth devices, establishing connections and exchanging data. Algorithms are used for initialization, discovery, parameter setting and data transfer between nodes. While Bluetooth provides benefits like being wireless and inexpensive, it also has limitations such as average data rates and security risks.
This Presentation is prepared by the higher authority of polite group
under the supervision of Syed Mubashair Abid and other members are Ch.Junaid Arshad and Muhammad Aftab Mustafa
Bluetooth technology allows devices to connect wirelessly via piconets and scatternets. Bluetooth profiles define how devices interconnect and communicate for various uses like file sharing, headsets, networking, and more. Bluetooth offers security features to protect connections and addresses issues like bluejacking and bluesnarfing. It has applications in home automation, connectivity between devices like phones and printers, and potential future uses.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows devices like mobile phones, computers, and other devices to connect and transmit voice and data without cables. It was named after the 10th century Danish king Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway. The technology was developed in 1994 by Ericsson and later standardized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group in 1998. Bluetooth works by establishing short-range radio links between devices within about 30 feet of each other. It has advantages like wireless connectivity, low energy consumption, and low cost but disadvantages include a limited data transfer rate and range. Future development aims to further integrate Bluetooth into consumer products to provide benefits like ease of use.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands. It was created in 1994 by Ericsson to replace cables connecting devices like mobile phones, laptops, printers, and other electronic devices. Bluetooth allows for wireless connections between various devices to share information and transmit data wirelessly over short distances of around 10 meters. It uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum to handle interference and improve communication quality.
Bluetooth Low Energy dans les applications WindowsMicrosoft
Le Bluetooth Low Energy est un des protocoles clé de l'Internet des objets. Montres, bracelets, ampoules et autres portes clés l'exploitent à merveille. Venez en comprendre ses principes, son fonctionnement et sa mise en oeuvre au sein d'une application Windows Universelle au travers d'un exemple très simple que vous pourrez reproduire chez vous à moindre frais. Nous développerons une station météo connectée avec l'application mobile qui l'accompagne.
O documento apresenta as principais características e conceitos da tecnologia Bluetooth em 3 frases:
A história e origem do nome Bluetooth são descritas, assim como suas especificações técnicas, modos de operação, perfis, arquitetura e exemplo prático de como funciona a conexão entre dispositivos via Bluetooth.
The document discusses Gi-Fi technology, which allows wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5 gigabits per second using a chip that is 5mm square and consumes only 2 milliwatts of power. Gi-Fi provides many benefits such as high speed data transfer 10 times faster than Wi-Fi, low power consumption, small form factor, ease of deployment, and high security. It is predicted that Gi-Fi will revolutionize wireless networking in homes and offices and become the dominant wireless technology within 5 years.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows for transmission of data over short distances of up to 10 meters. It was designed to simplify connections between devices such as phones, laptops, headphones, and other electronics by replacing wired connections. Bluetooth uses radio waves to transmit information at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and allows for wireless connections between various devices like mobile phones, headphones, laptops and more without requiring cables.
What is Bluetooth Smart? - Technical VersionVeacon
Bluetooth Smart was originally presented by Co-Founder Akın İdil of Veacon and Valensas Tech. at the Bluetooth Smart & iBeacon Meetup on Feb 5, 2015 in Istanbul. This is a technical explanation of how Bluetooth Smart works and how it's enabling iBeacon, Smart Home, IoT and Mesh networks.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology originally developed for exchanging data over short distances between fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks as a wireless alternative to data cables. It was named after the 10th century Danish king Harald Bluetooth who united Scandinavian tribes into a single kingdom, similar to how Bluetooth unites different industries. Bluetooth was invented in 1994 by Ericsson and later developed with other companies. Major releases include Bluetooth 1.0 in 1999, 2.0 in 2004, and 3.0 in 2009. Applications include telephones, headsets, computers, and multimedia devices. It works by putting devices in discovery mode to identify others in range, then paging to create a link and expanding to connect following
This document provides information about Bluetooth technology. It discusses how Bluetooth allows for wireless connectivity between devices within a short range of up to 10 meters. Key features of Bluetooth include wireless connectivity without cables, low power consumption, industry-wide support, and small device size. While Bluetooth provides wireless data transfer, it has limitations such as short range and low data transfer speeds. The document outlines how Bluetooth works using radio frequency transmissions and describes the technology's frequency-hopping technique. It explains common Bluetooth-enabled devices and the technology's uses across various industries. In conclusion, the document discusses factors for Bluetooth's success, including integration into consumer products and providing clear benefits to users.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows devices to connect and exchange data over short distances without wires. It was created in 1994 by the Swedish company Ericsson and standardized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group in 1998. Bluetooth works using low-power wireless signals within a range of about 30 feet. It allows devices like mobile phones, headphones, computers and more to connect and share data like audio, contacts, and files without needing to be physically plugged together. Some common types of Bluetooth devices include dongles and headsets. While Bluetooth enables wireless connectivity, its disadvantages include a limited range and higher battery usage than wired connections.
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses that Bluetooth was invented in 1994 by Ericsson to unify telecommunications and computing industries. It then defines Bluetooth as an open standard for short-range wireless connectivity between various devices. The document explains how Bluetooth works using small radio frequency chips to transmit information wirelessly. It also describes Bluetooth's topology of forming temporary ad-hoc networks between one master device and up to seven slave devices. Finally, it outlines some advantages like wireless connectivity and disadvantages like short range of Bluetooth technology.
Presentation on bluetooth controlled electronic home appliancesmirzaahmadali
This project proposes a system to control electronic home appliances using an Android device through Bluetooth. An Android application would be installed on a mobile phone or tablet to send commands via Bluetooth to a microcontroller. The microcontroller is interfaced with electrical loads like lights and motors and would switch the loads on and off based on the commands received from the Android device. The system aims to provide remote control of appliances using a smartphone without needing to be physically present near the control unit.
Bluetooth is a wireless standard that allows electronic devices to connect and exchange information within short ranges without wires or cables. It uses a radio technology called piconets to connect up to 8 devices together in an ad-hoc network. Bluetooth has goals of being low cost, secure, supporting both data and voice, and connecting various devices in noisy environments. It uses a 2.45GHz frequency and can support multiple simultaneous piconets. The Bluetooth architecture includes core specifications that define the lower layers and profile specifications that focus on building interoperable devices.
New advancement in technology - bluetooth technology JOMY JOHNSON
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using radio transmissions in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands. It allows for the replacement of cables connecting devices, serving as a universal bridge between existing networks, and enabling the formation of temporary networks when devices are within 10 meters of each other. Up to 8 devices can connect in a piconet to exchange both voice and data simultaneously and securely.
A Modern Study of Bluetooth Wireless Technology ijcseit
A Bluetooth ad hoc network can be formed by interconnecting piconets into scatternets.
The constraints and properties of Bluetooth scatternets present special challenges in forming an ad hoc
network efficiently. This paper, the research contributions in this arena are brought together, to give an
overview of the state-of-the-art.
Simply stated, Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol. Since it's a communication protocol, you
can use Bluetooth to communicate to other Bluetooth-enabled devices. In this sense, Bluetooth is like any
other communication protocol that you use every day, such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, or IMAP. Bluetooth has
a client-server architecture; the one that initiates the connection is the client, and the one who receives the
connection is the server. Bluetooth is a great protocol for wireless communication because it's capable of
transmitting data at nearly 1MB/s, while consuming 1/100th of the power of Wi-Fi. We discuss criteria for
different types of scatternets and establish general models of scatternet topologies. Then we review the
state-of-the-art approaches with respect to Bluetooth scatternet formation and contrast them.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It allows many types of digital devices to connect easily and quickly without cables by creating small personal area networks. Bluetooth works using a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum that breaks up data being sent and transmits pieces of it on up to 79 bands from 2.4-2.4835 GHz. It defines protocols for devices to discover each other and establish connections to exchange data over the air. Bluetooth is gaining popularity and acceptance for enabling wireless connections between diverse devices from phones to laptops to peripherals. While offering advantages, it also raises some issues regarding interference, security, and reliability that require analysis.
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology, including its history, how it works, applications, advantages, and future. Bluetooth was created in 1994 by engineers seeking to develop a short-range wireless standard. It was named after the 10th century Danish king Harald Bluetooth, who united Denmark and Norway. Bluetooth allows devices to connect ad-hoc within a piconet of up to 7 devices or across multiple piconets in a scatternet. Common applications include connecting headphones, keyboards, and transferring contacts between phones and cars. The technology continues to improve security and capabilities with new versions.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows short-range connections between electronic devices like computers, phones, and other portable devices. It uses radio waves instead of wires to connect devices within about 30 feet of each other, eliminating the need for direct line-of-sight connections. A group of companies formed the Bluetooth Special Interest Group to develop the Bluetooth specifications and promote its use. While initially developed for business users, Bluetooth's ability to connect diverse devices wirelessly has led to its use in many consumer products as well.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows various digital devices to connect and exchange information over short distances without cables. It uses short-wavelength radio transmissions in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands to facilitate connections between devices like mobile phones, headphones, laptops and printers. Key benefits of Bluetooth include its global acceptance, ability to connect a wide range of devices easily, secure connections, and low power consumption. It works by creating personal area networks between devices within about 30 feet of each other.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows short-range data transmission between electronic devices like phones, laptops, and other portable devices. It was invented in 1994 by Ericsson to eliminate cables and wires between devices. Bluetooth uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances at high speeds while consuming very little power. Common Bluetooth devices include headphones, car speakerphones, printers, and computer keyboards. The technology provides cable-free connectivity and mobility while also having some disadvantages like slow data transfer speeds and limited range. Future versions of Bluetooth aim to improve security, capabilities, data rates, power efficiency, and transmission range.
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses that Bluetooth allows for short-range wireless connectivity between devices to replace wired connections. The history of Bluetooth's invention in 1994 by Ericsson is outlined. Different types of Bluetooth devices are listed, along with advantages like mobility and eliminating wires, and disadvantages like slow data transfer rates and limited security. Applications and characteristics of Bluetooth are also summarized, and the future of Bluetooth technology is discussed.
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses that Bluetooth allows for short-range wireless connectivity between devices. A key point is that up to 8 devices can be connected in a piconet within a 10 meter range. The document outlines the characteristics of Bluetooth, including that it uses frequency hopping for security and devices do not need line-of-sight. Advantages include no line-of-sight needed and worldwide compatibility, while disadvantages include potential increased battery usage and slow internet speeds over Bluetooth. The document also provides details on Bluetooth architecture and versions.
Bluetooth Technology Todays Advanced Wireless Communication SystemEdgefxkits & Solutions
Bluetooth technology is a wireless communication protocol that connects electronic devices when they are close to each other and intends to replace the cables connecting various types of devices, from mobile phones and headset. Here you can learn more in detail about Bluetooth technology.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard used for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength radio transmissions. It was introduced in 1998 to replace wired connections and allows devices such as phones, laptops, printers, and headphones to connect without cables. Bluetooth devices communicate within a range of about 10 meters by forming a personal area network (PAN) called a piconet, with one device acting as the master and up to seven devices acting as slaves. While Bluetooth has advantages like wireless connectivity and low power consumption, it also has limitations such as low data rates and an inability to connect more than one device at a time.
The document summarizes Bluetooth technology, including how it works, its advantages and disadvantages, applications, and future outlook. Bluetooth allows wireless connection of devices within 10 meters, eliminating cables. It transmits on the 2.4 GHz band at speeds up to 721 Kbps and uses frequency hopping to avoid interference. Benefits include low cost, automatic connection setup, low power usage, and ability to transmit both voice and data. Disadvantages are limited to connecting one device at a time and lower data rates than infrared. The future of Bluetooth is presented as integrating with other wireless technologies like Wi-Fi.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range wireless connections between electronic devices like mobile phones, headphones, printers, etc. It was developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group to replace wired connections like cables. Bluetooth uses radio waves in the 2.4 GHz spectrum to connect devices within a 10 meter range through ad-hoc networks called piconets. Each piconet can have one master device and up to seven active slave devices connected at once.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows various digital devices to connect and exchange information over short distances without wires. It uses radio waves that can transmit up to 10 meters and allows up to 8 devices to connect in a personal area network (PAN). The presentation discusses the history of Bluetooth, how it works using frequency hopping, its advantages over infrared technology, applications, benefits like ease of use and globally accepted standard, and competing wireless technologies.
Bluetooth is a wireless standard that allows various electronic devices to connect and exchange data within a short range of about 10 meters. Devices that support the Bluetooth standard can communicate without needing a physical connection. Bluetooth devices are classified into power classes based on their output power and range. Class 1 devices have the greatest range up to 100 meters. Bluetooth works by having devices exchange addresses and capabilities when within range, then using radio frequencies to connect and transfer data wirelessly at speeds up to 721 Kbps. Connections can be between two devices or multipoint between more than two. Bluetooth enables wireless connectivity between devices like computers, printers, and headsets.
AN EXPANDED BLUETOOTH NETWORK-A SOLUTION TO THE SHORT RANGE BLUETOOTH COMMUNI...cscpconf
Bluetooth is a short range, low power, low cost wireless communication technology designed to connect phones, laptops and PDAs. The greater availability of portable devices with Bluetooth connectivity imposes wireless connection between enabled devices. This paper considers the problems of Bluetooth communication and also proposes a new expanded network to overcome the basic limitation of Bluetooth devices that is the range constraint. This creates a network of devices that will include laptops, set top devices and also mobile phones. The main purpose of this proposal is to establish a network will enable the users to communicate outside the range without any range constraint.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range wireless connections between devices like mobile phones, laptops, printers, and other electronics. The document provides an overview of Bluetooth including its history, how it works using frequency-hopping spread spectrum in the 2.4GHz band, supporting up to 10 meters of range. It discusses Bluetooth components, security modes, early slow product rollout, and potential business uses and benefits like replacing cables and wireless file sharing. Standards bodies like the Bluetooth SIG and key technology leaders are also mentioned.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It allows devices such as phones, laptops, headphones, and others to connect to each other and exchange information without wires. Bluetooth operates using radio waves in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz and switches between different channels very rapidly. It was developed in 1994 and is now maintained by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group with over 6,000 member companies. While it provides a convenient wireless connection for devices in close proximity, some early implementations had security vulnerabilities that could allow unauthorized access to data.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION
HOW IT WORKS
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USES MODEL
COMPARISION WITH OTHER WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
APPLICATION
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ADVANTAGES OF BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
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Introduction to Bluetooth Technology
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Bluetooth is a radio frequency specification for short range, point to point and
point to multi point voice and data transfer. Bluetooth technology facilitates the
replacement of cables normally used to connect one device to another by a short
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range radio link. With the help of blue tooth we can operate our keyboard and
mouse without direct connection of CPU. Printers, fax machines, headphone,
mouse, keyboard or any other digital devices can be part of Bluetooth system.
In spite of facilitating the replacement of cables, Bluetooth technology works
as an universal medium to bridge the existing data networks, a peripheral
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interface for existing devices and provide a mechanism to form short ad hok
network of connected devices away from fixed network infrastructures.
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Due to their independence on short range radio link, Bluetooth devices do not
require a line of site connection in order to communicate. Therefore a computer
can print information on a printer if printer is in inside the room. Two blue tooth
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devices can talk to each other when they come within range of 10 meters to
each other.
Bluetooth technology represents an opportunity for the industry to deliver
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wireless solutions that are ubiquitous across a broad range of devices.
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Why it’s name is Bluetooth?
While many new technologies bear technical names, like RS-232 or IEEE
802.11b, Bluetooth, the wireless technology, is different.
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Bluetooth was named for the 10th Century Viking king , Harald Blatand
(A.K.A., Bluetooth) who peacefully united all the tiny island kingdoms of
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Denmark, southern Sweden, and southern Norway into one country . In
keeping with its namesake, Bluetooth, the new low-cost radio technology, is
designed to unite or connect all different types of devices to effectively work
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as one. By uniting devices, Bluetooth eliminates the need for cabling in a
wide range of products, including cellular phones, PCs, headphones, audio
equipment, printers, and many more.
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Bluetooth Definitions
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• Piconet: Devices connected in an ad hoc fashion, that is, not requiring
predefinition and planning, as with a standard network. Two to eight
devices can be networked into a piconet. It is a peer network, that is,
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once connected, each device has equal access to the others. However,
one device is defined as master, and the others as slaves.
• Scatternet: Several piconets may form a larger scatternet, with each
piconet maintaining independence.
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• Master unit: The master in a piconet whose clock and hopping sequence
synchronizes the other devices.
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Slave unit: Devices in a piconet that are not the master.
MAC address: Three bit address that distinguishes each unit in a
piconet.
• Parked units: Piconet devices that are synchronized but don't have MAC
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addresses.
• Sniff and hold mode: Power-saving mode of a piconet device.
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How Bluetooth Technology Work
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The technology of Bluetooth centers around a 9mm x 9mm microchip, which
functions as a low cost and short range radio link. Bluetooth Technology provide
a 10 meter personal bubble that support simultaneous transmission of both voice
and data for multiple devices. Up to 8 devices can be connected in a piconet, and
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uo to 10 piconets can exist within the 10 meter bubble. Each piconet support
up to 3 simultaneous full duplex voice devices.
The gross data rate is 1 Mb/s, but the actual data rate are 432 kbps for full
duplex transmission,721/56kbps for asymmetric transmission, and 384 kbps for
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Bluetooth wireless technology is designed to be as secure as a wire with
up to 128-bit public/private key authentication, and streaming cipher up to 64 bit
based on a5 security.
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Transmission types and rates :
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The baseband (single channel per line) protocol combines circuit and
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packet switching. To assure that packets do not arrive out of order, slots (up
to five) can be reserved for synchronous packets. As noted earlier, a different
hop signal is used for each packet. Circuit switching can be either
asynchronous or synchronous. Up to three synchronous (voice) data
channels, or one synchronous and one asynchronous data channel, can be
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supported on one channel. Each synchronous channel can support a 64 Kb/s
transfer rate, which is fully adequate for voice transmissions. An
asynchronous channel can transmit as much as 721 Kb/s in one direction and
57.6 Kb/s in the opposite direction. It is also possible for an asynchronous
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connection to support 432.6 Kb/s in both directions if the link is symmetric.
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Radio frequency and spectrum hopping :
What if there's a lot of radio noise? Won't that interfere with Bluetooth
connections? As a rule, the answer is no. It is designed to use fast
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acknowledgement and frequency hopping, which will make connections
robust. It is packet-based, and will jump to a new frequency after each
packet is received, which not only helps limit interference problems, but also
adds to security. Data rates are one megabyte/second, including headers. Full
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duplex transmissions (both directions at once) are accomplished via time
division multiplexing.
The Bluetooth radio chip functions at 2.4 gigahertz, which is in the
unlicensed ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band. It separates the 2.4
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gigahertz frequency band into 79 hops one megahertz apart, starting with
2.402 and ending with 2.480 (though this bandwidth is narrower in Japan,
France, and Spain). This spread spectrum is used to hop from one channel to
another, pseudo-randomly, which adds a strong layer of security. Up to 1600
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hops per second can be made. The standard frequency range is 10
centimeters to 10 meters, and can be extended to at least 100 meters by
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increasing transmission power.
Data transmission:
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Data can be transmitted both synchronously and asynchronously. The
Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) method is used primarily for voice,
and Asynchronous Connectionless (ACL) is primarily for data. Within a
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piconet, each master-slave pair can use a different transmission mode, and
modes can be changed at any time. Time Division Duplex (TDD) is used by
both SCO and ACL, and both support 16 types of packets, four of which are
control packets that are the same in each type. Because of the need for
smoothness in data transmission, SCO packets are generally delivered via
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reserved intervals, that is, the packets are sent in groups without allowing
other transmissions to interrupt. SCO packets can be transmitted without
polling by the sending unit. ACL links support both symmetric and assymetric
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transmissions.
Bandwidth is controlled by the master unit, which determines how much of
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the total each slave unit can use. Slaves cannot transmit data until they have
been polled by the master, and the master can broadcast messages to the
slave units via ACL link.
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Network arrangement:
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Bluetooth network arrangements (topology) can be either point-to-point or
point-to-multipoint. Any unit in a piconet can establish a connection to another
piconet to form a scatternet. See the figure, which diagrams a scatternet in
which piconet A, which consists of four units, is connected to piconet B,
consisting of two units. Note that the master unit of A is not the link Bluetooth
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network arrangements (topology) can between the two piconets.
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Error correction and security:
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on code (FEC), 2/3 rate forward error correction code FEC, and automatic
repeat request (ARQ). The FEC methods are designed to reduce the number
of retransmissions. However, the over hea Three error correction techniques
have been defined: 1/3 rate forward error corrected significantly slows
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transmissions, so is generally not used in relatively error-free environments,
with the exception of packet headers. The ARQ scheme requires that the
header error and cyclic redundancy checks are okay. When they are, an
acknowledge is sent. When they aren't, the data is resent.
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Security is provided in three ways: through pseudo-random frequency band
hops, authentication, and encryption. Frequency band hops make it difficult
for anyone to eavesdrop. Authentication allows a user to control connectivity
to only devices specified. Encryption uses secret key lengths of 1, 40, and 64
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bits. The quality of security is excellent for most applications. However, it is
not the highest level available, and for those users who require it, the
suggestion is to investigate separate network transfer protocols and security
software.
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Connection Protocol
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Bluetooth connections are established via the following techniques:
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1. Standby: Devices not connected in a piconet are in standby mode. In
this mode, they listen for messages every 1.28 seconds over 32 hop
frequencies (fewer in Japan, Spain, and France).
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2. Page/Inquiry: If a device wishes to make a connection with another
device, it sends out a page message, if the address is known, or an
inquiry followed by a page message, if it is unknown. The master unit
sends out 16 identical page messages on 16 hop frequencies to the slave
unit. If there is no response, the master retransmits on the other 16 hop
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frequencies. The inquiry method requires an extra response from the
slave unit, since the MAC address is unknown to the master unit.
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3. Active: Data transmission occurs.
4. Hold: When either the master or slave wishes, a hold mode can be
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established, during which no data is transmitted. The purpose of this is to
conserve power. Otherwise, there is a constant data exchange. A typical
reason for going into hold mode is the connection of several piconets.
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5. Sniff: The sniff mode, applicable only to slave units, is for power
conservation, though not at as reduced a level as hold. During this mode,
the slave does not take an active role in the piconet, but listens at a
reduced level. This is usually a programmable setting.
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6. Park: Park mode is a more reduced level of activity than the hold mode.
During it, the slave is synchronized to the piconet, thus not requiring full
reactivation, but is not part of the traffic. In this state, they do not have
MAC addresses, but only listen enough to keep their synchronization with
the master and check for broadcast messages.
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USAGE MODEL:
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While the Bluetooth * usage model is based on connecting devices together, it is
focused on three broad categories: voice/data access points, peripheral
interconnects, and Personal Area Networking (PAN).
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Voice/Data Access Points:
Voice/data access points is one of the key initial usage models and involves
connecting a computing device to a communicating device via a secure wireless
link (see Figure 1). For example, a mobile computer equipped with Bluetooth
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technology could link to a mobile phone that uses Bluetooth technology to
connect to the Internet to access e-mail. The mobile phone acts as a personal
access point. Even more ideal, the notebook can connect to the Internet while
the cell phone is being carried in a briefcase or purse. The Bluetooth usage
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model also envisions public data access points in the future. Imagine the current
data-equipped pay phones in airports being
upgraded with Bluetooth modems. This would allow any mobile device equipped
with Bluetooth technology to easily connect to the Internet while located within
ten meters of that access point. These access points could, of course, support
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much higher data rates than today’s modems, as public spaces could connect a
variety of private Bluetooth access points via a LAN that is routed to the Internet
over a DSL line, allowing each access point a private 1Mbps connection to the
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Internet.
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Peripheral Interconnects :
The second category of uses, peripheral interconnects, involves connecting
other devices together as shown in Figure 2. Imagine standard keyboards, mice,
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and joysticks that work over a wireless link. The Bluetooth link is built into the
mobile computer; therefore, the cost of the peripheral device is less because an
access point is not needed. Additionally, many of these devices can be used in
multiple markets. For example, a Bluetooth headset used in the office could be
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connected to a Bluetooth access point that provides access to the office phone
and multi- media functions of the mobile computer. When mobile, the same
headset could be used to interface with the cellular phone (which can now
remain in a
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briefcase or purse).Another aspect of a short-range link like Bluetooth is in the
area of proximity security devices. In this case, if one device is not within range
of another device, the first device will go into a high security mode.
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Personal Area Networking:
The last usage model, Personal Area Networking (PAN), focuses on the ad-hoc
formation and breakdown of personal networks(see Figure 3). Imagine meeting
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someone in an airport and quickly and securely exchanging documents by
establishing a private piconet. In the future, Bluetooth kiosks could provide
access to electronic media that could be quickly downloaded for later access on
the mobile device.
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Bluetooth Special Interest group (SIG)
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Bluetooth special group is group of companies working together to define,
developed promote an open royalty free specification for seamless wireless
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connectivity and cable replacement for a wide variety of mobility-enhancing
devices. The original charter of the SIG is to monitor the technical development
of a short range radio and to create an open global standard. It prevent the
technology from becoming the property of any single company.
In developing the Bluetooth specification, the SIG is strictly adhering to
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some basic principles that that can be summed up in five key words: freedom,
security, simplicity, versatility and reliability. These keywords are the foundation
of Bluetooth technology. To be Bluetooth certified, a device must pass
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interoperability testing by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group thus assuring that
products meeting the specification will be able to interact with all other
Bluetooth-certified products and with the Internet.
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In february1998, the Special Interest Group (SIG) was formed. The founding
SIG member are Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia & Toshiba. Since then over 2000
adopter have joined including Compaq, Lucent, Motorola and 3com.
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Bluetooth Characteristics:
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These are the features of the Bluetooth technology:
• It separates the frequency band into hops. This spread spectrum is used
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to hop from one channel to another, which adds a strong layer of security.
• Up to eight devices can be networked in a piconet.
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Signals can be transmitted through walls and briefcases, thus eliminating
the need for line-of-sight.
• Devices do not need to be pointed at each other, as signals are omni-
directional.
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• Both synchronous and asynchronous applications are supported, making it
easy to implement on a variety of devices and for a variety of services,
such as voice and Internet.
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• Governments worldwide regulate it, so it is possible to utilize the same
standard wherever one travels.
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COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES
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While there is no single competing technology that covers the entire
concept of Bluetooth wireless technology, in certain market segment other
technology do exist.
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IrDA
For cable replacement, the infrared standard IrDA has been around for
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several years and is quite widespread. Most new portable PCs, PDAs, and some
cellular phones support IrDA, although actual adoption by users has been rather
limited. IrDA is faster than Bluetooth but is limited to point to point connections,
Whereas Bluetooth is also capable to point to multi point. IrDA’s biggest draw
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back is that it requires a clear line to sight, and is usually limited to a few feet
between devices.
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Wireless LAN:
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Wireless LAN based on the IEEE 802.11b standard are used to replace a
wired LAN throughout a building. The transmission capacity is high and so is the
number of simultaneous users. However, compared to Bluetooth, these wireless
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LANs are more expensive, consume more power and have a larger hardware
footprint, making them unsuitable for small mobile devices.
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Bluetooth in the Future
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What is the future direction of the Bluetooth standard?
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At this time, we anticipate the Bluetooth SIG to evolve the Bluetooth technology
to provide greater bandwidth & distances, thus increasing the potential platforms
& applications used in the emerging personal area-networking marketplace.
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What is the future of Bluetooth?
Bluetooth is a continually expanding technology. There are plans to add many
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new application profiles. With over 1800 companies working on Bluetooth, the
future could not be brighter. With a strong special interest group behind
Bluetooth, the standardization of the application profiles is almost assured.
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According to market researchers, Cahners In-Stat Group, it is anticipated that as
many as 670 million products will have Bluetooth built-in by the year 2005.
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Will the speed of Bluetooth increase?
Some members of the Bluetooth SIG such as Sony & Eastman Kodak are
interested in seeing the speed of Bluetooth increasing for applications such as
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streaming video. Proposals are under consideration but it is not clear when
products based on any of the proposals would be available
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Projected Market Growth:
Cahners In-Stat group estimates that the Bluetooth market will grow from virtually
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zero in 1999 to over 1 billion Bluetooth-enabled devices that will
ship in 2005.
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ADVANTAGES OF BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY:
1.No line of site restrictions as with IrDA.
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2. Low power consumption makes integrated in battery powered devices
very practical.
3. 2.4 GHz radio frequency ensures worldwide operability.
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4. Tremendous momentum not only within the computer industry
but other industries like cellular telephones and transportation.
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APPLICATIONS:
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Smart Home
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Homes equipped with Bluetooth devices may be able to recognise the arrival of
its bonafide residents and unlock the door on their arrival. The device will also
adjust heat to a preset temperature. While this is happening, the data from the
individual’s PDA may be exchanged with the home electronic board, and the
family calendar is updated
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to reflect the scheduled activities in the office.
The Internet Bridge
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An extension of this model could be a mobile computer that allows surfing the
Internet irrespective of the location of the user, and regardless of whether the
user is cordlessly connected through a mobile phone (cellular) or through a wire
line connection (e.g. PSTN, ISDN, LAN, xDSL).
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Automatic Check-in:
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Hotels are testing, or plan to test, services that allow guests to check in, unlock
room doors and even control room temperature with handheld devices equipped
with Bluetooth Technology.
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The Bluetooth enabled mobile phone or the PDA can present the electronic ticket
to the airline system without one having to go through the queue at the check-in
counters. The airline's on-line system performs the identification via the ID-tag
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feature built into the mobile phone or the PDA and confirms the reserved seat.
The Three-in-one Phone
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With Bluetooth support, one handset will be able to provide multiple
functionality. When at home, the phone functions as a cordless phone,
connected to the fixed line. When on the move, it functions as a mobile phone
connected to the mobile network. Additionally, when the phone comes within
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range of another mobile phone with built-in Bluetooth technology, it functions as
a walkie-talkie.
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References :
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1. The official Bluetooth site,http:/www.bluetooth.com
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2. http://www.intel.com/mobile/bluetooth
3. The wireless connectivity Technologies Comparison, Infrared and
Radio Frequency, Infrared Data Association, September 1998.
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