The document provides information on Bluetooth and CDMA technologies. For Bluetooth, it describes its origins, how it works by forming instant networks between devices, advantages like freedom from cables and standardized protocol, and limitations around compatibility and security. For CDMA, it gives an introduction to code division multiple access used for data and voice, its key elements using spreading codes, and advantages like improved capacity and security for 3G networks. Applications of Bluetooth include wireless peripherals, printers, and connecting devices like phones and computers, while CDMA is used widely in cellular networks.

1. Bluetooth & CDMA
Technology

2. Topics to be covered
 Bluetooth
 Introduction
 Name, Idea
 How Bluetooth Technology works
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Security
 Future
 CDMA
 Introduction & History
 Key Elements
 Advantages
 Disadvantages

3. Introduction to Bluetooth Technology

4. Ultimate Headset

5. Cordless Computer

6.  Originally and commonly (in day to day life), it is used to connect
headset to a mobile phone. Or transferring data from one mobile to
another (songs, pics, docs, messages).
 Then Bluetooth started being used to connect headsets to a regular
computer.
 Then progressed on to making printers wireless as well as being
able to connect to a Bluetooth network.
 Bluetooth is a protocol that allows you to remotely access and use
devices on a computer or phone without the use of wires.
 Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.
 These signals travel through walls, windows, doors.
 Uses short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from
2400-2480 MHz
 Wireless alternative to data cables.
 BMW was the first motor vehicle manufacturer to install handsfree
Bluetooth technology in its cars. Followed by Toyota and Lexus.

7. What’s in the name – Bluetooth?

8.  Bluetooth was named for the 10th Century Viking king, Harald
Blatand (aka bluetooth) who peacefully united all tiny island
kingdoms of Denmark, southern Sweden and Southern Norway into
one country.
 In keeping with its namesake, Bluetooth, the new low-cost radio
technology, is designed to unite or connect all different types of
devices to effectively work as one.

9. Idea – Bluetooth

10.  Idea that resulted in the Bluetooth wireless technology was born in
1994.
 Initiated by Ericsson to investigate feasibility of a low-power, low-
cost radio interface.
 Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) formed in1998.
 First specification released in July 1999.
 1900 member companies till date.
 Main players
 3Com Corporation
 Ericsson
 IBM
 Intel
 Agere
 Microsoft
 Motorola
 Nokia

11. How do Bluetooth Technology works?

12.  Instant formation of networks.
 A piconet is collection of devices connected via Bluetooth technology
 Simple connection between two devices or more devices.
 Unlike infra-red, Bluetooth does not require line-of-sight positioning
of connected units.
 Embedding tiny, inexpensive, short-range transceivers into the
electronic devices
 The radio operates on the globally-available unlicensed radio band,
2.45 GHz
 Supports data speeds of up to 721 Kbps.
 The Bluetooth modules can be either built into electronic devices or
used as an adaptor. For instance in a PC they can be built in as a
PC card or externally attached via the USB port.
 Best alternative to data transfer as compared to corrupt DVD/CD
ROM

13. What’s the use ????

14.  Freedom from cables
 Technology is Inexpensive
 Automatic
 Standardized Protocol
 Avoids Interference from other wireless devices
 Low Power Consumption
 Faster Voice and Data sharing
 Instant Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Upgradeable
 Universally accepted
 Simplifies communication while driving
 Best alternative to data transfer as compared to corrupt DVD/CD
ROM

15. Core Bluetooth Products
 Notebooks PCs & Desktop Computers
 Printers
 PDAs
 Other Handheld devices
 Cell Phones
 Wireless Peripherals:
 Headsets
 Camers
 CD Player
 TV / VCR / DVD
 Telephone Answering Devices
 Cordless phones
 Cars

16. Limitations / Disadvantages

17.  Compatibility between Bluetooth products
 Data Transfer Rate
 Limited Range
 Security
 Battery Use
 Interference with other devices that may use same frequency (e.g.
garage door openers, cordless phones, microwave ovens, etc)

18. Security

19.  Security Measures
 Authentication
 Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) fro device access.
 Long Encryption keys are used (128 bit keys).
 These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other parameters
are transmitted over wireless which in combination with certain
information known to the device, can generate the keys.
 Further encryption can be done.

20. Bluetooth Vs. Infrared
 Bluetooth  Infra-Red
 Point to Multi-point  Point to Point
 Data & Voice  Intended for Data
Communication. Communication only.
 Easier  Infra-Red, cannot
Synchronization due penetrate solid
to Omni-directional objects.
 Devices can be mobile  Both devices must be
 Range 10 meters stationary.
 Range 1 meter.

21. Future of Bluetooth Technology

22.  Continually expanding technology.
 The Bluetooth SIG is trying to evolve the Bluetooth technology to
provide greater bandwidth and distances, thus increasing the
potential platforms and applications used in the emerging personal
area networking marketplace.
 New application profiles.

23. CDMA Technology
Introduction & History

24.  CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
 Both data and voice are separated from signals using codes and
then transmitted using a wide frequency.
 This leaves more Space left for data transfer.
 14% of the worldwide market goes to CDMA.
 CDMA uses a “spread-spectrum” technique whereby
electromagnetic energy is spread to allow for a signal with a wider
bandwidth.
 CDMA is military technology first used during World War II by
English allies to foil German attempts at jamming transmissions.
The allies decided to transmit over several frequencies, instead of
one, making it difficult for the Germans to pick up the complete
signal.
 The CDMA standard was originally designed by Qualcomm in the
U.S. and is primarily used in the U.S. and portions of Asia by other
carriers.

25. CDMA Technology
Key Elements

26.  CDMA is a form of spread spectrum transmission technology. It has
a number of distinguishing features that are key to spread spectrum
transmission technologies:
 Use of wide bandwidth: CDMA, like other spread spectrum technologies uses
a wider bandwidth than would otherwise be needed fort he transmission of the
data. This results in a number of advantages including an increased immunity to
interference or jamming, and multiple user access.
 Spreading Codes Used: In order to achieve the increased bandwidth, the data
is spread by use of a code which is independent of the data.
 Level of security: In order to receive the data, the receiver must have a
knowledge of the spreading code, without this it is not possible to decipher the
transmitted data, and this gives a measure of security.
 Multiple access: The use of the spreading codes which are independent for
each user along with synchronous reception allow multiple users to access the
same channel simultaneously.

27. CDMA Technology
Advantages

28.  The use of CDMA offers several advantages and it is for this reason
that CDMA technology has been adopted for many 3G cellular
telecommunications systems.
 Improvement in capacity and Security: One of the chief claims for CDMA is
that it gives significant improvements in network capacity.
 With CDMA technology, data and voice packets are separated using codes and
then transmitted using a wide frequency range. Since more space is often
allocated for data with CDMA, this standard became attractive for 3G high-speed
mobile Internet use.
 Low power requirements and little cell-to-cell coordination needed by operators.
 Improvement in handover / handoff: Using CDMA it is possible for a terminal
to communicate with two base stations at once. As a result, the old link only
needs to be broken when the new one is firmly established. This provides
significant improvements in terms of the reliability of handover / handoff from one
base station to another.
 CDMA has been a particularly successful technology. CDMA technology has
been used in all the 3G cellular telecommunications systems in one form or
another and has enabled significant improvements to be gained over previously
technologies used in 2G systems

29. CDMA Technology
Disadvantages

30.  Due to its proprietary nature, all of CDMA's flaws are not known to
the engineering community.
 CDMA is relatively new, and the network is not as mature as GSM.
 CDMA cannot offer international roaming, a large GSM advantage.

31. Questions ??

32. Thank You.