Blood transfusion involves transferring blood or blood components into a person's circulation. It can be used to treat blood loss from injuries or illnesses. The main blood components that can be transfused are packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate. It is important to use blood products appropriately and rationally based on the clinical indication, required dose, and risks of transfusion in order to address the scarcity of blood sources and safety concerns. Complications can include hemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, infections, and bleeding disorders.
dr m laban
Tanta fever hospital scientific activity
sunday
12-8-2018
Blood transfusion
Aims of Transfusion Center
To care for the donor - ensure act of donation does not harm donor.
Provision of Blood of the best possible quality and safety for the patient receiving it.
Safe blood transfusion means:
Compatible and without transmission of infection
The Safest blood transfusion is No
transfusion
Blood donation
Careful donor selection with donor interview.
Age: not less than 17 years.
Pulse: between 50-100 beat / minute without irregularities.
Blood pressure: systole<180mmHg, diastolic <100mmHg.
Temperature: <37.5C
Hemoglobin:>12g/dl, Hct>38%
Site of vein puncture must be free of lesions and infections.
ABO grouping.
Rh typing.
Cross matching
Laboratory screening test for:-
HBsAg.
HCV Ab.
HIV.
HTLV1.
HTLV2.
Blood grouping means:-
the determination of the antigens of a specific group on the red cells
and the antibodies relevant to this group in the normal serum.
Blood transfusion is the process through which blood and blood products are transferred to circulation intravenously. Early transfusions used whole blood but modern medical practice commonly used components of blood.It helps to replace blood lost during injury or surgery. It is a life saving procedure. before transfusion of blood it is necessary to know your blood group type. As blood group o is considered as universal donor and blood group AB considered as universal accepter.
Blood transfusion are relatively safe but can be fatal if incorrectly administered. Donated blood can be processed into components such as PCV, FFP, Platelets, Cryoprecipitate. Doctors and nurses plays a major role in blood transfusion. They should follows all safety precautions throughout all steps of administrating procedure.
dr m laban
Tanta fever hospital scientific activity
sunday
12-8-2018
Blood transfusion
Aims of Transfusion Center
To care for the donor - ensure act of donation does not harm donor.
Provision of Blood of the best possible quality and safety for the patient receiving it.
Safe blood transfusion means:
Compatible and without transmission of infection
The Safest blood transfusion is No
transfusion
Blood donation
Careful donor selection with donor interview.
Age: not less than 17 years.
Pulse: between 50-100 beat / minute without irregularities.
Blood pressure: systole<180mmHg, diastolic <100mmHg.
Temperature: <37.5C
Hemoglobin:>12g/dl, Hct>38%
Site of vein puncture must be free of lesions and infections.
ABO grouping.
Rh typing.
Cross matching
Laboratory screening test for:-
HBsAg.
HCV Ab.
HIV.
HTLV1.
HTLV2.
Blood grouping means:-
the determination of the antigens of a specific group on the red cells
and the antibodies relevant to this group in the normal serum.
Blood transfusion is the process through which blood and blood products are transferred to circulation intravenously. Early transfusions used whole blood but modern medical practice commonly used components of blood.It helps to replace blood lost during injury or surgery. It is a life saving procedure. before transfusion of blood it is necessary to know your blood group type. As blood group o is considered as universal donor and blood group AB considered as universal accepter.
Blood transfusion are relatively safe but can be fatal if incorrectly administered. Donated blood can be processed into components such as PCV, FFP, Platelets, Cryoprecipitate. Doctors and nurses plays a major role in blood transfusion. They should follows all safety precautions throughout all steps of administrating procedure.
Blood transfusion - components , procedure , pre transfusion testing and comp...prasanna lakshmi sangineni
blod transfusion- introduction , procedure , pre transfusion tests , complications , characteristics of components and components usually used like packed red cells, FFP, platelet rich plasma, cryoprecipitate, albumin and other plasma derivatives
Autologous Blood Transfusion (ABT) means reinfusion of blood or blood products taken from the same patient
ABT is not a new concept, fear of transfusion- transmitted diseases stimulated the growth of autologous programme
A blood transfusion is a fairly simple medical procedure during which a patient receives whole blood or one of its parts through an intravenous line, or IV.
check up for more details
Blood, Blood transfusion and Blood products bijay19
This presentation give idea about blood, blood transfusion importance and things to note during transfusion...It shows various blood products, its indications and contraindications. the complication of blood transfusion
Blood transfusion - components , procedure , pre transfusion testing and comp...prasanna lakshmi sangineni
blod transfusion- introduction , procedure , pre transfusion tests , complications , characteristics of components and components usually used like packed red cells, FFP, platelet rich plasma, cryoprecipitate, albumin and other plasma derivatives
Autologous Blood Transfusion (ABT) means reinfusion of blood or blood products taken from the same patient
ABT is not a new concept, fear of transfusion- transmitted diseases stimulated the growth of autologous programme
A blood transfusion is a fairly simple medical procedure during which a patient receives whole blood or one of its parts through an intravenous line, or IV.
check up for more details
Blood, Blood transfusion and Blood products bijay19
This presentation give idea about blood, blood transfusion importance and things to note during transfusion...It shows various blood products, its indications and contraindications. the complication of blood transfusion
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2. Blood transfusion
Blood is an amazing fluid
Keeps us warm
Provides nutrients for cells, tissues and organs
Removes waste products from various sites .
3. Blood transfusion
Theoritical Yield of components
1 unit of blood theoritically gives
- 1 unit FFP
- 1 unit PRBC’s
- 1 random donor unit platelet
6. Blood transfusion
Rationale behind Rational use of blood
- Economy – Scarcity of source
4 get blood component in 1 unit
- Safety – inherent risk involved in blood
transfusion
1 in 2 million gets HIV
- Scientifically appropriate
Haematinic in nutritional anaemia
7. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
History :
In 1667 Jean Baptiste Denis 1st transfusied – 3 units
Sheep blood in human successfully. his second try failed
& young man died.
In 1825 1st human blood was transfused by
Dr. Philip Syng Physic of Philadelphia.
In 1828 Blundell transfused blood to a pt. of postpartum
hemorrhage.
8. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
In 1900 Landsteiner discovers A,B & O type
Blood
In 1902 Von De Castello and Sturil discovered
AB type blood - the era of modern
blood transfusion
In 1940 cross matching, anticoagulation and storage of
blood and blood bank started and these developments
made routine blood transfusion possible
In 1937 1st Blood bank in U.S.
9. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Blood groups –
Major Blood groups:- based on presence of antigen on
RBCs surface.
20 antigens identified in human , only three are important
being strongly antigenic.
A B and D ( Rh antigen).
A & B antigens have natural corresponding Antibodies in
serum.
10. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
No natural antibody D in serum , but formation can be
stimulated by giving
Rh +ve blood to Rh-ve
or
Acquired during delivery of a Rh +ve baby
Acquired antibody can cross placental barrier
Rh +ve in 85%
12. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Indication of blood transfusion :
A. Severe blood loss –
Traumatic
Pathological conditions
During operation
Severe burn
B. Anaemia Hb. < 8 Gms%
Post op. - pt. became anaemic
Pre-op. - In anaemia, packed cell
14. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Types of transfusion ( Blood fractions)
A. Packed cells :
Chr.anaemia, old age, Children.
B. Plasma
Burn, Hypo-albuminaemia, Severe
protein loss
15. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
C. Human albumin 4.5%
D. Fresh frozen plasma :
Contains all coagulation factor
E. Cryoprecipitate : haemophilia
( Rich in factor VIII & fibrinogen.)
F. Fibrinigen: DIC, Afibrinogenaemia
G. Platelet rich plasma - Thrombocytopenia
H. Platelet Concentrate. -----// -----//----//
16. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Collection of blood :
75ml of CPD ( Citrate phosphate Dextrose)
solution
Storage: 4⁰ C. ± 2⁰ C , in higher temp. >2hrs blood infected
In Stored Blood :
- RBCs. Lost in three weeks
- WBCs destroyed rapidly
- Platelets reduced in 24 hrs.
- Clotting factors are labile and level falls
quickly.
17. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Transfusion reaction :
A. Hemolytic transfusion reaction:
Causes –
- Incompitible blood.
- Out dated blood
- Hemolysed blood
Heating, Shacking, over
freezing, Infection
22. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Complication of blood transfusion;
A. Infections-
Serum hepatitis
HIV Infection
Bacterial infection
Malaria
Suphilis
B. Air embolism
23. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Coagulation Failure -
. Dilution of coagulation
factor / platelet
. DIC
T/T Replace co- agulation factor
E. Citrate intoxication.
25. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Blood Substitute:
1) Human albumin 4.5% - no risk of hepatitis
2) Dextrans – to improve plasma volume
i) Low molecular Wt. ( 40)
- very effective to restore volume
immediately
- transitory effect
- Prevent sludging in kidney
26. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Ii) high molecular wt. ( 110, 70 )
- Less effective.
- Long acting
Precautions :
Take blood sample for X-match & grouping
Before
- Precipitate abnormal bleeding
- Not more then 1000ml Dextrans
28. Hemophilia
It is most common X- linked recessive congenital
coagulation disorder.
Males are symptomatic ,
females are carrier.
29. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Types :
Hemophilia A – Factor VIII deficiency
Hemophilia B – Factor IX deficiency
Incidence ; 1 in 10,000 Males , 80% to 85% are HemophiliaA
30. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Classification :
Depends on Functional level of Factor VIII c .
Mild – Factor level 5% to 30% of normel
Moderate- ,, ,, 2% to 5%
Severe ,, ,, < 2%
31. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Presentation on severity:
Severe – Spontaneous bleeding in Muscle, Joints
Mild & Moderate – Bleed after Trauma
Diag. – History & investigation
Investigation _ BT, PT, aPTT, Fact. VIII & IX l…
Hem. A Hem. B
BT, N N
PT, N N
aPTT prolonged Abnormal
VIII:C / factor IX VIII:C decreased Fact. IX decreased
TT N N
vWF: Ag N N
32. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
- Factor IX is Vit. K dependent hence in deficiency of Vit K
factor IX is decreased.
- But In Vit. K.deficiency PT is prolonged and returns to Normal
after Inj. Vit. K.
34. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Preparation of pt. for Dental Procedure :
- Polishing / Scaling – No factor replacement
- Extraction –
- Good oral hygiene, to avoid need of
tooth extraction
- Factor replacement depending on
severity of disease
35. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Preparation of hemophilicpt. for tooth extraction :
Desired % Factor VIII Factor IX Days
30 -50 15 -25 Unt/ Kg 30-50 unit /kg 0-2
20-30 10-15 Unt / Kg 20-30 unit./ kg 2-4
Calculation of factor dose :
- Hemo A - % of dose needed * body wt.Kg / 2
- Hemo B - % of dose needed * body wt. Kg
36. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
- Antifibrinolytic – Tranexamic acid 500 mg, from previous night
of surg and continue for 7-8 days after extration
- Metroniadazol – 400mg tds. For 7 days
- Mouth washes with 8.5% tranexamic acid .
- cavity to be packed with fibrin glue.
- Vicryl suture to be used.
