As we know that in today’s world terrorists’ attacks are common and not a single country is completely safe. High-explosive detonations propagate blast energy in all directions, causing extensive damage to both the target structure and nearby buildings. Structural damage and the glass exposure have been major contributors to death and injury for the targeted buildings. If the structures are properly designed for these abnormal loads damage can be controlled. Within the Indian Standard Codes these types of situations are not dealt with and they need further explanation as the engineers have no guidelines on how to design or evaluate structures for the blast phenomenon for which a detailed understanding of structural behavior as well as effects of different kinds of blast load is required. The calculation of blast load is studied in this report using various parameters.
As we know that in today’s world terrorists’ attacks are common and not a single country is completely safe. High-explosive detonations propagate blast energy in all directions, causing extensive damage to both the target structure and nearby buildings. Structural damage and the glass exposure have been major contributors to death and injury for the targeted buildings. If the structures are properly designed for these abnormal loads damage can be controlled. Within the Indian Standard Codes these types of situations are not dealt with and they need further explanation as the engineers have no guidelines on how to design or evaluate structures for the blast phenomenon for which a detailed understanding of structural behavior as well as effects of different kinds of blast load is required. The calculation of blast load is studied in this report using various parameters.
Architectural And Structural Design Of Blast Resistant Buildings - PRESENTATIONPaul Jomy
The objective of this study is to shed light on blast resistant building theories, the enhancement of building security against the effect of explosives in both architectural and structural design process and the design techniques that should be carried out. Firstly, explosives and explosion type have been explained briefly. In addition, the general aspects of explosion process have been presented to clarify the effect of explosives on buildings. To have a better understanding of explosives and characteristics of explosions will enable us to make blast resistant building design much more efficiently. Essential techniques for increasing the capacity of a building to provide protection against explosive effects is discussed both with an architectural and structural approach.
Architectural And Structural Design Of Blast Resistant Buildings - REPORTPaul Jomy
The objective of this study is to shed light on blast resistant building theories, the enhancement of building security against the effect of explosives in both architectural and structural design process and the design techniques that should be carried out. Firstly, explosives and explosion type have been explained briefly. In addition, the general aspects of explosion process have been presented to clarify the effect of explosives on buildings. To have a better understanding of explosives and characteristics of explosions will enable us to make blast resistant building design much more efficiently. Essential techniques for increasing the capacity of a building to provide protection against explosive effects is discussed both with an architectural and structural approach.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Seminar on Bomb Blast Resistant Structure by Shantanu PatilShantanu Patil
The design of civilian or commercial buildings to withstand the effects of a terrorist blast is unlike the design of military installations or the design of embassy buildings. The objectives of the “Structural Engineering Guidelines” for the Design of New Embassy Buildings are to prevent heavy damage to components and structural collapse. Adherence to the provisions of the guidelines will minimize injuries and loss of life and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of survivors. The blast-protection objective of any commercial or public building must be similar to those of embassy structures, that is to prevent structural collapse, to save lives, and to evacuate victims.
Architectural And Structural Design Of Blast Resistant Buildings - PRESENTATIONPaul Jomy
The objective of this study is to shed light on blast resistant building theories, the enhancement of building security against the effect of explosives in both architectural and structural design process and the design techniques that should be carried out. Firstly, explosives and explosion type have been explained briefly. In addition, the general aspects of explosion process have been presented to clarify the effect of explosives on buildings. To have a better understanding of explosives and characteristics of explosions will enable us to make blast resistant building design much more efficiently. Essential techniques for increasing the capacity of a building to provide protection against explosive effects is discussed both with an architectural and structural approach.
Architectural And Structural Design Of Blast Resistant Buildings - REPORTPaul Jomy
The objective of this study is to shed light on blast resistant building theories, the enhancement of building security against the effect of explosives in both architectural and structural design process and the design techniques that should be carried out. Firstly, explosives and explosion type have been explained briefly. In addition, the general aspects of explosion process have been presented to clarify the effect of explosives on buildings. To have a better understanding of explosives and characteristics of explosions will enable us to make blast resistant building design much more efficiently. Essential techniques for increasing the capacity of a building to provide protection against explosive effects is discussed both with an architectural and structural approach.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH RISE BUILDING BY USING ETABSila vamsi krishna
RESULT OF ANALYSIS:
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/results-of-etabs-on-high-rise-residential-buildings
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING BY USING STAAD PRO PPT link :
https://www.slideshare.net/ilavamsikrishna/analysis-and-design-of-mutistoried-residential-building-by-using-staad-pro
FOR FULL REPORT:
vamsiila@gmail.com
Seminar on Bomb Blast Resistant Structure by Shantanu PatilShantanu Patil
The design of civilian or commercial buildings to withstand the effects of a terrorist blast is unlike the design of military installations or the design of embassy buildings. The objectives of the “Structural Engineering Guidelines” for the Design of New Embassy Buildings are to prevent heavy damage to components and structural collapse. Adherence to the provisions of the guidelines will minimize injuries and loss of life and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of survivors. The blast-protection objective of any commercial or public building must be similar to those of embassy structures, that is to prevent structural collapse, to save lives, and to evacuate victims.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND DAMAGE MITIGATION FOR RCC BUILDINGS DUE TO NON S...Johana Sharmin
This presentation was prepared to portray vulnerability assessment and damage mitigation for RCC buildings due to Non-Seismic Hazards in Bangladesh for the internal meeting of DDC office in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This is entirely based on the PWD-JICA manual for CNCRP project. In this presentation, we emphasized wind load and flood water calculation, their impact on our regular RCC building, and mitigation measures. The excel files are not included for the confidentiality purpose. This presentation helped our colleagues who were not interested in reading the manuals. I felt joyful and curious while I worked in this presentation with my colleague.
Fahad types and causes of cracks in concrete structuresFAHAD ALI KHAN
This technical seminar provides basic information about the various types of cracks in concrete and their potential effect on the long-term performance of concrete structures.
Seismic retrofitting is a collection mitigation technique for earthquake engineering.
It is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquake.
It is of utmost important for historic monuments, areas prone to severe earthquakes and tall or
expensive structures.
The retrofitting techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes and severe winds from thunderstorms.
Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate shelter to problems
rather than replacement of building.
A technical approach to designing earthquake resistant buildings. Contains a brief overview of why a structure fails, building foundation problems and what are the possible solutions
what is research summary?
structure of research summary.
steps for writing an effective research summary
tips for writing research summary
by
Ali Rehman
Green buildings are Eco-friendly, resource efficient and are very energy efficient. They are more comfortable and easier to live with due to low operating and owning costs.
This presentation consists of brief introduction about green buildings, their design and benefits.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This presentation includes the introduction to global warming and its hazardous impacts on the earth. It covers the effects of global warming on irrigation engineering as well.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This presentation is about Eco-friendly concrete also known as Green Concrete. It covers the need, material used for the manufacturing of Green Concrete and the advantages & limitations of Green concrete.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This presentation contains a general introduction of void ratio and its correlation with other soil properties (index and engineering properties).
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
Use of DMT in Geotechnical Design with Emphasis on Liquefaction AssessmentAli Rehman
This Presentation consists of brief introduction about Dilatometer Test, and basic correlations of DMT with various soil properties. Also It covers the assessment of Liquefaction potential of soil by DMT, including a case history of Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taiwan 1999.
I Hope it will be beneficial.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
3. • The study of blast effects on structures has been an area of formal technical
investigation for over 60 years.
• The blast explosion nearby or within structure is due to pressure or vehicle bomb or
quarry blasting.
• Due to different accidental or intentional events, the behavior of structural components
subjected to blast loading has been the subject of research effort in recent years.
4. • Disasters such as the terrorists bombings of the MURRAH FEDERAL BUILDING in
Oklahoma City in 1995, demonstrated the need for examination of behavior of
members subjected to blast loading.
• Structures should be protected from the blast effects, which are likely to be the
targets of terrorist attacks.
5. A bomb explosion within or immediately nearby a building can cause catastrophic
damage on :
The building's external and internal structural frames,
Collapsing of walls,
Blowing out of large expanses of windows,
Shutting down of critical life-safety systems.
6. Loss of life and injuries to occupants can result from many causes including :
• Direct blast-effects,
• Structural collapse,
• Debris impact,
• Fire effects,
• Smoke effects
7. • An explosion is a rapid release of stored energy characterized by a bright
flash and an audible blast.
• Part of the energy is released as thermal radiation (flash); and part is coupled
into the air as air blast and into the soil (ground) as ground shock, both as
radially expanding shock waves.
8. • Blast loads on structures can be classified into two following main groups on the basis
of the confinement of the explosive charge :
1. Unconfined Explosions, which include free air burst, air burst and surface burst
explosion having unreflected and reflected pressure loads respectively.
2. Confined Explosions, the confined explosions include fully vented explosions,
partially confined explosions, fully confined explosions.
9. To be an explosive, the material will have the following characteristics :
• Must contain a substance or mixture of substances that remains unchanged under
ordinary conditions, but undergoes a fast chemical change upon stimulation.
• This reaction must yield gases whose volume at the high temperature is much greater
than that of the original substance.
• The change must be exothermic in order to heat the products of the reaction and thus
to increase their pressure.
10. Common types of explosions include :
• Construction blasting to break up rocks,
• Blasting to demolish buildings and their foundations,
• Accidental explosions resulting from natural gas leaks or other chemical/explosive
materials.
11. • The rapid expansion of hot gases resulting from the detonation of an explosive
charge gives rise to a compression wave called a shock wave, which propagates
through the air is known as blast wave.
12. Blast effects on building structures can be classified as :
• Primary effects and Secondary effects.
• Primary effects include ;
Air Blast
Ground Shock
Heat
Fragments
13.
14. • The blast wave causes a pressure increase of the air surrounding a building structure
and also a blast wind.
• For example, the blast may deflect structural steel frames, collapse roofs, dish-in
walls, shatter panels and break windows.
15. • An explosive which is buried completely or partly below the ground surface will
cause a ground shock.
• This is a horizontal vibration of the ground, similar to an earthquake but with a
different frequency.
16. • A part of the explosive energy is converted to heat.
• Building materials are weakened at increased temperature.
• Heat can cause fire if the temperature is high enough.
17. • Fragments from the explosive source which are thrown into the air at high velocity.
• For example wall fragments of an exploded gas tank.
18. • Secondary Effects can be fragments hitting people or buildings near the explosion.
• They are not a direct threat to the bearing structure of the building, which is usually
covered by a facade.
• However, they may destroy windows and glass facades and cause victims among
inhabitants and passers-by.
19. • Minor :
• Non-structural failure of building elements such as windows, doors & cladding.
• Injuries may be expected and deaths are possible but unlikely.
20.
21. • Moderate :
• Structural damage is confined to a localized area and is usually repairable.
• Structural failure is limited to secondary structural members, such as beams, slabs &
non load bearing walls.
• Injuries and deaths are expected.
22.
23. • Major :
• Loss of primary structural members such as columns.
• In this case, extensive deaths are expected.
• Building becomes non repairable.
24.
25. • Blast loading is a short duration load also called impulsive loading.
• Mathematically blast loading is treated as triangular loading.
• The ductility and natural period of vibration of a structure governs its response to an
explosion.
• Ductile elements, such as steel and reinforced concrete, can absorb significant amount
of strain energy, whereas brittle elements, such as timber, masonry, and monolithic
glass, fail abruptly.
26. • In the investigation of the response of a building structure to bomb blast,
the following procedures are followed :
The characteristics of the blast wave must be determined;
The natural period of response of the structure must be determined;
The positive phase duration of the blast wave is then compared with the natural
period of response of the structure.
27. The response of structure due to blast loadings can be as follows :
• Impulsive
• Quasi-static
• Dynamic
28. o Impulsive
o If the positive phase duration of the blast pressure is shorter than the natural period
of vibration of the structure, the response is described as impulsive. In this case, most
of the deformation of the structure will occur after the blast loading has diminished.
29. • Quasi-Static
• If the positive phase duration of the blast pressure is longer than the natural period of
vibration of the structure, the response is defined as quasi-static. In this case, the blast
will cause the structure to deform while the loading is still being applied.
30. o Dynamic
o If the positive phase duration of the blast pressure is close to the natural period of
vibration of the structure, then the response of the structure is referred to as dynamic.
In this case, the deformation of the structure is a function of time and the response is
determined by solving the equation of motion of the structural system.
31. • Explosions and blasts can produce, in a very short time, an overload much greater than
the design load of a building.
• Nothing can be guaranteed to eliminate all risks; but if the following blast resistant
design features were to be incorporated, many lives could be saved and many
structures and businesses would survive.
32.
33. • Floors :
must be prevented from ‘falling off' their supports. If pre-cast concrete planks are used
they should have sufficient bearing; but they should not depend on bearing and gravity
to stay in place, they should be made continuous with rebars between adjacent planks
and preferably be made continuous with the supporting beams.
• Joists :
should be made continuous themselves, through every main beam and wherever they
coincide with outer columns.
34. • Main Beams :
should be continuous across the structure and should have connections to the outer columns
which exceed the plastic capacity of the main beam.
This means that in the case of overload the beams deform, forming hinges, absorbing
energy and taking time. Blast or shock loads will diminish in a very short time.
• Main Outer Columns :
should remain elastic and strong enough to carry likely loads even when main beams
attached to them form plastic hinges.
35. • The ground to first floor columns carry the heaviest loads. They are always more
vulnerable to attack. They are almost always longer than columns on other floors. So
special care has to be taken: they need to be stronger; to have barriers to protect
them; to have continuity at footings level with ground beams or slabs.
• If all this continuity is achieved, even if a column or two are cut or deformed, the
grillage of beams and joists and slabs at each floor throughout the building will
continue to carry the loads.
36.
37. • It is not economical to design all buildings for blast loading.
• Public buildings, tall structures and city centers have to be designed against terrorists
attacks and sudden explosions.
• It is recommended that guidelines on abnormal load cases and provisions on
progressive collapse prevention should be included in the current Building Regulations
and Design Standards.
38. • Requirements on ductility levels will also help to improve the building performance
under severe load conditions.
• Evaluation of the results due to blast loading under several conditions have to be
included in the design procedure to get into the correct evaluation of the stress
characteristics of the material under consideration.
39. • T. Ngo, P. Mendis, A. Gupta & J. Ramsay, "Blast Loading and Blast Effects on Structures – An
Overview", The University of Melbourne, Australia, EJSE Special Issue: Loading on Structures
(2007).
• N. Munirudrappa, Professor, Civil Engineering department, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, , Bengaluru, Blast Loading and Its Effects on Structures A Critical Review.
• http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/miscellaneous/others/29110-blast-loading-and-its-effects-
on-structures.html
• http://www.slideshare.net/sitaramayya/blast-resistant-structures
• http://www.docstoc.com/docs/73460939/BLAST-LOAD-AND-EFFECTS-OF-BLAST-ON-
STRUCTURES#
• http://www.reidsteel.com/information/robust_resilient.html