These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
As a university student, you may be required to write a variety of reports for assessment purposes
A research report is one type that is often used in the sciences, engineering and psychology
Here your aim is to write clearly and concisely about your research topic so that the reader can easily understand the purpose and results of your research
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
As a university student, you may be required to write a variety of reports for assessment purposes
A research report is one type that is often used in the sciences, engineering and psychology
Here your aim is to write clearly and concisely about your research topic so that the reader can easily understand the purpose and results of your research
Explain : Scientific or technical research
Characterized by : Detail, test procedure, objective analysis, documented research, report and observation (based on evidence)
How to write the introduction section of a research paper, a Research paper, or Call for a Paper, Background of the Study, Purpose of the Study, Research Question and Hypothesis, Research Objectives.
8 steps for writing an effective research paperSets India
A research paper gives a perspective or make an argument that is important to the chosen area of research, and summarizes the answers to your research questions. Research paper all about stating long lists of facts or explaining the topic.
The rationale of your research is the objective of the study. The reason should explain why the research was started in the first place. It's an essential part of your work since it demonstrates the significance and uniqueness of your research. As a result, it's often referred to as the study's reason. Your analysis would be arranged in an ideal world: observation, justification, hypothesis, objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions. To begin writing your rationale, offer background information on all the research on your study topic. Then consider, "What is missing?" or "What are the research's unanswered questions?" Identify the gaps in the literature and explain why they must be filled. Finally, it resolves to serve as the foundation for your investigation.
Visit Here - https://pubrica.com/academy/physician-writing/how-to-write-the-rationale-for-research/
Watch this presentation to complete each part of a research paper correctly. Read the full article here: https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/major-parts-of-a-research-paper
what is research summary?
structure of research summary.
steps for writing an effective research summary
tips for writing research summary
by
Ali Rehman
Explain : Scientific or technical research
Characterized by : Detail, test procedure, objective analysis, documented research, report and observation (based on evidence)
How to write the introduction section of a research paper, a Research paper, or Call for a Paper, Background of the Study, Purpose of the Study, Research Question and Hypothesis, Research Objectives.
8 steps for writing an effective research paperSets India
A research paper gives a perspective or make an argument that is important to the chosen area of research, and summarizes the answers to your research questions. Research paper all about stating long lists of facts or explaining the topic.
The rationale of your research is the objective of the study. The reason should explain why the research was started in the first place. It's an essential part of your work since it demonstrates the significance and uniqueness of your research. As a result, it's often referred to as the study's reason. Your analysis would be arranged in an ideal world: observation, justification, hypothesis, objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions. To begin writing your rationale, offer background information on all the research on your study topic. Then consider, "What is missing?" or "What are the research's unanswered questions?" Identify the gaps in the literature and explain why they must be filled. Finally, it resolves to serve as the foundation for your investigation.
Visit Here - https://pubrica.com/academy/physician-writing/how-to-write-the-rationale-for-research/
Watch this presentation to complete each part of a research paper correctly. Read the full article here: https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/major-parts-of-a-research-paper
what is research summary?
structure of research summary.
steps for writing an effective research summary
tips for writing research summary
by
Ali Rehman
We prepared useful presentation with a guide on how to write professional research paper outline, so just take a look and if you have any questions you can visit site. http://www.researchpaperoutline.biz/
No need to worry about your pending thesis anymore, here are detailed method and tips included in this presentation to understand how to write a good dissertation. Everyone must go through it before starting his/her thesis. It should be very helpful.
An attempt to highlight the most common needs for writing a research article, this include the structure of research articles and the highly important parts needed to publish in a high level indexed journals (Clarivate ISI & Scopus).
Green buildings are Eco-friendly, resource efficient and are very energy efficient. They are more comfortable and easier to live with due to low operating and owning costs.
This presentation consists of brief introduction about green buildings, their design and benefits.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This presentation includes the introduction to global warming and its hazardous impacts on the earth. It covers the effects of global warming on irrigation engineering as well.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This presentation is about Eco-friendly concrete also known as Green Concrete. It covers the need, material used for the manufacturing of Green Concrete and the advantages & limitations of Green concrete.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
This presentation contains a general introduction of void ratio and its correlation with other soil properties (index and engineering properties).
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
Use of DMT in Geotechnical Design with Emphasis on Liquefaction AssessmentAli Rehman
This Presentation consists of brief introduction about Dilatometer Test, and basic correlations of DMT with various soil properties. Also It covers the assessment of Liquefaction potential of soil by DMT, including a case history of Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taiwan 1999.
I Hope it will be beneficial.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
2. An old French word :“searcher” – to seek or search
Prefix “re” – again
▪ It is an intensive search with purpose of becoming certain.
▪ Research is a systematic investigation into reality to gain knowledge.
▪ A Research Paper is any kind of academic writing based on original
research which features analysis and interpretation from the author.
Research
3. ▪ Abstract
▪ Introduction/ Thesis Statement
▪ Literature Review
▪ Methodology
▪ Results & Discussion
▪ Conclusion
▪ Recommendations/ Future Avenues
▪ Reference
Main Parts of Composition
include:
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
4. STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH PAPER
▪ Abstract:
To briefly introduce the reader to the aims of the study, the
methodology, results and findings.
▪ Introduction and/or thesis statement:
To state a clear overall purpose for the study, often framed in a
discussion of the need the research is satisfying. To define the
research question(s) of the study. To give a very brief background of
relevant theory and practice for your topic.
▪ Literature Review:
To summarize what conclusions have been reached in the research
literature and whether different writers agree or not. To highlight main
issue and controversies around the problem.
5. STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH PAPER
▪ Methodology:
To demonstrate that you are aware of the research methods used
to study this topic. To explain and justify the method of data
collection and analysis.
▪ Results:
To present the findings of your research in an orderly manner,
using heading planned in your methodology or headings arising
from patterns found in the research.
▪ Discussion:
To comment on the trends/findings and show your
understanding of what your data suggests. To highlight anything
unexpected that came up.
6. STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH PAPER
▪ Conclusion:
To sum up your findings and highlight the significance of the outcomes of
your study. To discuss the limitations of your study and indicate where
further research is needed.
Recommendation/ Future Avenues:
To state probable areas of research that can be taken into account to further
increase the scope of your study.
▪ References:
To list alphabetically all the reference materials that have been cited in the
text of the report
7. ❑ ABSTRACT
▪ It is a summary of a body of information; it expresses the main claim
and argument of a paper.
▪ Questions that an abstract answers:
➢ Why did you do this study or project?
➢ What did you do and how?
➢ What did you find?
➢ What do your findings mean?
8. ❑ INTRODUCTION
▪ The primary purpose of an introduction is to frame the paper for its
readers.
▪ It should provide:
✓ Brief description of the topic
✓ Statement as to why the topic is worth researching
✓ Statement of the research objectives.
✓ Statement of the method(s) and the scope of study.
✓ An overview of the rest of the paper.
9. ❑ LITERATURE REVIEW
▪ It consists of four guide questions:
A. What is the present state of knowledge regarding the topic
under consideration?
B. How are the studies related to the one being proposed?
C. What is the quality of the studies reviewed?
D. How will the proposed study contribute to the existing
literature?
10. ❑ METHODOLOGY
▪ To demonstrate that you are aware of the research methods
used to study this topic.
▪ To justify the research method and approach you have taken or
your study.
▪ To explain and justify the method of data collection and
analysis.
11. ❑ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
▪ Results - to present the findings of your research in an orderly
manner, using heading planned in your methodology or headings
arising from patterns found in the research.
▪ Discussion - show your understanding of what your data
suggests.
12. ❑ CONCLUSION
▪ The ‘results’ and ‘discussion’ should bethe focus of this part.
▪ To sum up your findings and highlight the significance of the
outcomes of your study.
▪ To outline any implication or recommendations indicated by the
findings.
13. ❑ REFERENCES
▪ Tolist alphabetically all the reference materials that have been cited
in the text of the report.
▪ References need to contain all works cited in the text.
▪ References should consistently follow one recognizable system.
15. ▪ Steps for creating an effective academic writing include:
i. Understand the assignment
ii. Understand your audience
iii. Choose a research paper topic
iv. Conduct preliminary research
v. Develop a thesis statement
vi. Research paper outline
vii. Paragraph structure
viii. Write a first draft of the research
paper
ix. Write a research paper
introduction
x. Write a compelling body of text
xi. Write the research paper
conclusion
xii. The second draft
xiii. The revision process
xiv. Checklist
16. For accomplishing the specific tasks set out for you, that needs properly and thoroughly
understanding the assignment task, which you can achieve by doing the following:
✓ Read it carefully, looking for anything confusing you might need to clarify with your
instructor/supervisor.
✓ Identify the assignment goal, deadline, specifications, formatting and submission
method.
✓ Make a bulleted list of the key points, then go back and cross completed items off as
you’re writing.
▪ At this stage, consider:
✓ Timeframe: be realistic, and plan for time to research, write and edit.
✓ Word limit: work with a precise or specific topic to avoid trying to cover too much
information.
✓ Purpose: Each purpose comes with different requirements. For example, are you
aiming to inform people of something, persuade them to think differently, or encourage
them to take a certain course of action?
17. ▪ To write a research paper, you need to consider your audience.Their knowledge
level influences your writing style, choice of words and how much detail you need
in explanations of concepts.
▪ A master’s thesis is usually written for an expert audience, though you may wish to
make it accessible to a broader audience. If you are writing an undergraduate
paper, you can assume your audience is somewhere between generalist and
expert.
GENERALIST
• Avoid technical terms or, if you must use
them, include definitions
• Avoid excessive, complex detail
• Use shorter, simpler sentences and
shorter, simpler words
• Use slow and simple explanation to
make your argument; show your logic
• Be informative
• Use examples to clarify key points
EXPERTS
• Do not over-explain — e.g. common
technical terms and obvious
background
• Carefully justify your claims
• Show nuance in your arguments
• Exhibit command of the literature —
experts will notice things you fail to
mention
18. ▪ There are many ways to generate an idea for a research paper, whether you prefer
old-fashioned brainstorming by writing notes, or talking with a fellow student or
professor to figure out how to approach a topic.
▪ You can also gain inspiration from other research. The discussion or
recommendations sections of research papers often include ideas for other
specific topics to examine.
▪ Once you have a main subject area, narrow it down to choose a topic that:
✓ Interests you
✓ Is original
✓ Meets the criteria of your assignment
✓ Is possible to research
▪ Remember that the idea is to be both original and specific.
19. ▪ Note any discussions that seem important to the topic and try to find
an issue that you can focus your paper around. Use several types
of sources, including journals, books and reliable websites, to ensure
you do not miss anything glaring.
▪ Determine that do you have a unique take on your topic?
▪ Search for the recent developments on your topic of research.
▪ In this stage, you might find it helpful to formulate some research
questions to help guide you. These are more commonly used in a
thesis or dissertation rather than an essay. To write research
questions, try to finish the following sentence: “I want to know
how/what/why…”
20. ▪ A thesis statement is a statement of your central argument — it
establishes the purpose and position of your paper. If you started
with a research question, the thesis statement should answer it. It
should also show what evidence and reasoning you’ll use to support
that answer.
▪ The thesis statement should be concise, contentious, and coherent.
That means it should briefly summarize your argument in a sentence
or two; make a claim that requires further evidence or analysis; and
make a coherent point that relates to every part of the paper.
▪ It serves as a guide throughout the writing process.
▪ Every paragraph should aim to support and develop this central
claim.
21. ▪ A research paper outline works as an effective guide to use during
the writing process. It is essentially a list of the key topics, arguments
and evidence you will include, divided into sections with headings so
the paper is planned before you begin writing.
▪ A research paper outline can help make the writing process much
more efficient, so it is worth dedicating the time to create one.
▪ Read our article on creating a research paper outline.
22. ▪ Paragraphs are the basic building blocks of research papers. Each
one should focus on a single claim or idea that helps to establish the
overall argument or purpose of the paper.
23. ▪ Your first draft should not be the last, as you can polish it later. The main goal at this
stage is to:
➢ Turn your rough ideas into workable arguments
➢ Add detail to those arguments
➢ Get a sense of what the final product will look like
▪ You do not need to start your paper at the introduction. Start writing where it feels
most natural for you — some prefer to finish the most difficult sections first, while
others choose to start with the easiest part. If you created a research paper outline,
use it as a map while you work.
24. First Draft of Research Paper
▪ Your priorities when writing the first draft should be:
➢ Maintaining forward momentum — write now, perfect later.
➢ Paying attention to clear organization and logical ordering of paragraphs and
sentences, to help yourself when you come to the second draft.
➢ Expressing your ideas as clearly as possible
➢ Keeping your arguments flexible. Be prepared to change or abandon arguments if
needed.
➢Citing clearly — your citations do not need to be perfect yet, but you will save time
by including the essentials such as author name, year of publication and page
numbers with the relevant information.
25. ▪ The introduction usually addresses three questions:What? Why? How?
▪ In a thesis or dissertation, the introduction has strict requirements of precisely what
to include.
▪ After finishing the introduction, the reader should know what the paper is about
and why it is worth reading.
▪ What? Be specific about the topic of the paper, introduce the background and
define key items such as terms, theories and historical details.
▪ Why? This is the most important, but also most difficult part of the introduction. Try
to provide brief answers to the following questions: What new material or insight
are you offering? What important issues does your topic would define or answer?
▪ How? The reader needs to know how the paper will proceed. Therefore, the
introduction should include a “map” of what will be discussed or briefly present all
the key elements of the paper in chronological order.
26. ▪ The major struggle faced by most writers is how to organize the
information presented in the paper, which is one reason a research
paper outline is so useful. However, remember that the outline is only
a guide and, when writing, you can be flexible with the order in
which the information and arguments are presented.
▪ One way to stay on track is to use your thesis statement and topic
sentences.
▪ Do not be ruled by your sources — use them as they become relevant
to what you are writing.
▪ After completing the first draft, condense the paragraphs into only
topic sentences and read them one at a time.
▪ Be aware of paragraphs that seem to cover the same things. If two
paragraphs discuss something similar, they must approach that topic
in different ways.
27. ▪ The conclusion is designed to help your reader out of the paper’s argument, giving
them a sense of finality.
▪ Give the paper a sense of finality by making sure the reader understands how the
paper has settled the issues raised in the introduction. Recap the what, why and
how, and try to show how the key ideas mentioned in the introduction look now that
your point is established.
▪ You might also discuss the more general consequences of the argument, outline
what the paper offers to future students of the topic and suggest any questions the
paper’s argument raises but cannot or does not try to answer.
▪ You should not:
➢ Offer new arguments or essential information
➢ Take up any more space than necessary
➢ Begin with phrases that signal you are ending the paper.
28. There are four main considerations when it comes to the second draft:
A. Check how your vision of the paper lines up with the first draft and, more
importantly, that your paper still answers the assignment (initially set up tasks).
B. Identify any assumptions that might require justification, keeping your reader’s
perspective foremost in mind. Remove these points if you cannot authenticate
them further.
C. Be open to rearranging your ideas. Check whether any sections feel out of place
and whether your ideas could be better organized.
D. If you find that old ideas do not fit well as you anticipated, you should cut them
out or condense them.
29. ▪ The goal during the revision and proofreading process is to ensure
you have completed all the necessary tasks and that the paper is
as well-articulated as possible.
Global Concerns
▪ Confirm that your paper completes every task specified in your
assignment sheet.
▪ Check for logical organization and flow of paragraphs.
▪ Check paragraphs against the introduction and thesis statement.
30. Revision Process
Here are some tips to make sure you do not miss anything:
▪ Read the paper aloud, which will force you to slow down and look
more closely at each word
▪ Change fonts, as it helps to spot mistakes by making the text less
familiar
▪ Edit a printed copy. Follow each word with a pen or pencil
▪ Have someone else read through and make notes
31. ▪ Formatting guidelines; page numbers, spacing, font.
▪ Appropriate referencing style (e.g. APA or MLA or Chicago)
▪ Appropriate in-text citation
▪ Address the feedback from instructor/supervisor
▪ Proper introduction (interesting and giving sense of topic)
▪ Key points and arguments are discussed
▪ Proper structure of paragraph
▪ Relation between each paragraph
▪ Relation between each sentence
▪ Proper conclusion
▪ Proper revision of the document
32. 1. Passing of someone else’s
work as your own, whether
we do this deliberately or
not.
2. Not acknowledging when
using information (i.e. data,
tables, figures or graphics)
from other writers.
3. Inadequately paraphrasing
a source.
PLAGIARISM