The document discusses urinary tract stones, detailing their types, causes, symptoms, and diagnostic methods. It highlights the risk factors such as infections and obstructions, with men being more commonly affected. Treatment options include various surgical methods, particularly for managing bladder outflow obstruction and lithiasis.

1. Hassaan Ali Gad
Assistant lecturer of urology
Aswan University

2.  PRIMARY
Develops in sterile urine / ureter, kidney
 SECONDARY
Occurs in presence of
infection ,outflow obstruction
or a foreign body

3.  BPH
 neurogenic bladder
 Inflammation Bladder
 Medical devices
 Occasionally, bladder catheters
 Kidney stones

4. Men >women. 8:1
Symptoms
 Frequency
 sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.
 Pain occurs at the end of micturition referred
to tip of penis, Pain is related to movement
 Haematuria .
 Interruption of the urinary stream
 UTI

5.  lower abdomen(bladder) is enlarged
 DRE to see prostate is enlarged

6.  Lab
 Radiology
 urine reveals
microscopic haematuria,
WBCs :pus cells
crystals that are typical of thecalculus,

7.  Ultrasound abdomen
 KUB film
 (CT) scan
considered one of the most sensitive tests for
identifying all types of bladder stones

16.  Treatmen of the cause
Bladder outflow obstruction
Incomplete bladder emptying in patients
with
neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

17. MODALITIES
 Per urethral Litholapaxy
 Lithotripsy endoscopy
 Open Surgery
 ESWL

18.  Urethral calculi are an uncommon type of
urinary tract stones , accounting for 1%

19.  Clinical presentation
 Most commonly acute lower urinary tract
symptoms and/or urinary retention
 Pain and frequency

20.  Location
impact in the prostatic urether or founded in
the anterior urethra
Types
primary
secondary

21.  Radiographic features
 Almost all (98-100%) of urethral stones are
reported to be radiopaque 3 but most are
small and only faintly radiopaque and up to
60% will be missed

34. Endoscopy
Surgical