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Bipolar Disorder
This document provides information about bipolar disorder from several sources. It begins with an introduction that bipolar disorder causes unusual shifts in mood and affects day-to-day tasks. Several key points are then summarized: bipolar disorder was formerly called manic depressive illness; symptoms include feeling unusually high, grandiose beliefs, or deeply depressed; and potential causes may include genetics and biological brain differences. Treatment options like medications, therapy, and lifestyle changes are discussed. The role of society, true stories of those affected, and prevention strategies are also covered briefly.
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Bipolar Disorder
- 1. Psy101 Project DONE BY: NADAMAJID 213410464 FATIMA ALBASHA 213410368 DUAA ZEIDAN 213410399 MARAH JARRAR 213410701 SEREEN HEJAZI 213410384 1
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- 3. ❖ Bipolar disorder,also known as manic- depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. ❖ It results in clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. 3
- 4. Bipolar disorderused to be known as manic depressive illness. Bipolar disorder is perhaps one of the oldest known illnesses. It was first noticed as far back as the second century. Aretaeus of Cappadocia (a city in ancient Turkey) first recognized some symptoms of mania and depression, and felt they could be linked to each other. in 1854, and established a link between depression and suicide. His work led to the term bipolar disorder, as he was able to find a distinction between moments of depression and heightened moods. He recognized this to be different from simple depression. 4
- 5. Feeling unusually“high” and optimistic OR extremely irritable Unrealistic, grandiose beliefs about one’s abilities or powers Sleeping very little, but feeling extremely energetic Talking so rapidly that others can’t keep up Racing thoughts; jumping quickly from one idea to the next Highly distractible, unable to concentrate Impaired judgment and impulsiveness Acting recklessly without thinking about the consequences Delusions and hallucinations (in severe cases) 5
- 6. Feeling hopeless, sad,or empty Irritability Inability to experience pleasure Fatigue or loss of energy Physical and mental sluggishness 6 Appetite or weight changes Sleep problems Concentration and memory problems Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Thoughts of death or suicide
- 7. Symptoms of amixed episode • A mixed episode of bipolar disorder features symptoms of both mania or hypomania and depression. Common signs of a mixed episode include: • Depression combined with agitation, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, distractibility, and racing thoughts. • This combination of high energy and low mood makes for a particularly high risk of suicide. 7
- 8. Causes of bipolardisorder? The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved, such as: Biological differences. People with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in their brains. The significance of these changes is still uncertain but may eventually help pinpoint causes. Genetics. Bipolar disorder is more common in people who have a first-degree relative, such as a sibling or parent, with the condition. Researchers are trying to find genes that may be involved in causing bipolar disorder. 8
- 9. Is bipolar adisease or a disorder • "disease" has a specific identifiable cause and symptoms. "Disorder" refers to an unwanted condition that's hard to say what could be wrong. For instance cancer is a disease because you can identify the tumors that are causing the symptoms but bipolar is a disorder because its causes and symptoms are not clearly specified.
- 10. • disease isdue to extrinsic factors (e.g., virus, bacteria) and a disorder is due to intrinsic abnormalities (e.g., birth defects, genetic malfunction).
- 11. General information • Thereis no specific age for having bipolar disorder • There is no specific treatment for it ,also there is no specific reason • It is not a rare disorder since that there are more than 577 million adult in US who have this disease. • Bipolar affective disorder is defined as mental illness whose owner undergoes alternating phases of unnatural joy and severe depression, accompanied by hallucinations and illusions • The joy associated with it is not normal because the person can stay awake for along time without sleeping
- 12. • The patientwill love his life in this duration he will stay active and enthusiastic but not in a normal way. • In the opposite side the depression durations of time will affect the patient in a way that he will hate himself, the life, most of things that he loves and he might want to kill himself. • The duration of joy and depression can not be specified clearly and they differ from on patient to another. • Most doctors can give the patients wrong treatments because they mislead bipolar with other problems. • during the depression and joy times people tend to kill themselves and sometimes they try to kill others, they tend to do so more during the joy durations. • Drugs make the situation harder and harder. General Information
- 13. People who havebipolar • One person who has this disorder describes it as following: • It made feel as if I went out of the darkness and went back to the light, hitting me hard in the wall and then receiving my body on the feathers.
- 14. • Y isa normal student who is very active, smart and a very good student. • In the secondary school he took 94% and he is studying now in his fifth year in one of the best universities in Jordan • He started to feel with a very bad feelings since he started to have a very bad mood in these times he hated himself and failed in most of his courses then after some time he started to feel a very joy and happy durations that made him forget about the bad days in these days he feel very confidence and scored very high marks. True story
- 15. The role ofsociety • Family: family has the most affect on sick people they have to understand them to know how to deal with them in both cases (the depression and the joy). • Friends can affect by accepting people with this disorder and know that they have to be alone in some situations. • The life mate has to accept the person and be very patient
- 16. The Difference BetweenBipolar Disorder and Other Mood Disorders Different types of mood disorders : - Cyclothymia. - Bipolar . - Depressive. - Dysthymia. - Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) . 16
- 17. Bipolar Vs Cyclothymia Cyclothymia Isa relatively mild mood disorder. Mood swing between short periods of mild depression and hypomania, an elevated mood. The low and high mood swings NEVER reach the severity or duration of major depressive or full mania episode. Bipolar disorder Is a serious brain illness. It is also called manic-depressive illness or manic depression. People with bipolar disorder go through unusual mood changes. Sometimes they feel very happy and “up,” and are much more energetic and active than usual. This is called a manic episode. Sometimes people with bipolar disorder feel very sad and “down,” have low energy, and are much less active. This is called depression or a depressive episode. 17
- 18. Bipolar Vs Depressive DepressiveDisorder - A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It interferes with daily life, normal functioning, and causes pain for both the person with the disorder and those who care about him or her. - symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Depression is a common but serious illness, and most people who experience it need treatment to get better. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people who suffer from depression. 18
- 19. Bipolar Vs Dysthymia -Dysthymia is a constant depressed state that leads to low self- esteem, pessimism, and possible feelings of guilt. - having Dysthymia Disorder is living in a mostly constant state of depression that can last for years. WHILE Bipolar is cyclic and causes the person to cycle between extreme highs and lows. 19
- 20. Bipolar Vs SAD -Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that commonly affects people during the winter months. - With seasonal pattern is a specifier for Bipolar and related disorders, including Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder. Most people with SAD experience major depressive disorder, but as many as 20% may have a bipolar disorder. 20
- 21. • Bipolar disordercan be treated with medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes, depending on your needs but sticking with treatment can be a challenge. Medication Need to take them to balance mood right away. Therapy Talk therapy can make people with BPD to make sense of their thoughts and feelings. Living better with Bipolar Lifestyle changes Manage your lifestyle and follow some methods.
- 22. Medications • Mood Stabilizers: delay and relieve episodes of depression and mania. • Lithium : helps reduce the severity and frequency of mania. It may also help relieve or prevent bipolar depression. Studies show that lithium can significantly reduce suicide risk. • Antidepressants : work with mood stabilizers to help slow depression. • Antipsychotics : helps treat mania and serve cases of mania/depression.
- 23. Therapy Family focused therapy: • Increase communication. • Educate patients about symptoms and develop a plan to intervene. • Examine beliefs about medication and adherence. Interpersonal and Social Rhythm therapy: • Stabilize early routine and sleep-wake-cycle. • Improve personal relationships and insight into moods. • Use social rhythm metric to track sleep, activities and mood.
- 24. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Restructure dysfunctionalbeliefs. Monitor moods. Intervene constructively to alter moods.
- 25. Lifestyle changes Exercise :It may improve your mood whether or not you have bipolar disorder. And you’ll probably sleep better, too. • If you’re not active now, check with your doctor that you’re healthy enough to get started. Keep it simple at first, such as walking with a friend. Gradually, work up to working out for at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week. Eat well There’s no specific diet for people with bipolar disorder. But just like anyone else, choosing the right kinds of foods can help you feel better and give you the nutrients you need. Focus on the basics: Favor fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains. And cut down on fat, salt, and sugar.
- 26. Tame stress: Anxietycan worsen mood symptoms in many people with bipolar disorder. So take time to relax. Set a schedule: Many people with bipolar disorder find if they stick to a daily schedule, it helps them control their mood. Pay attention to your sleep: just a few nights of less sleep may mean that a manic episode could be coming on. Or if you start to sleep a lot more than normal, it might mean you’re depressed.
- 27. • Avoid alcoholand illegal drugs. • Limit caffeine and nicotine during manic episodes. • Seek treatment as soon as you notice symptoms of a depressive or manic episode coming on. How to prevent bipolar ?
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