the paper is a review paper for the MSc courses in animal science biotechnology course. Basically it shows the genetic based disease resistance of indigenous livestock breeds.

1. AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy
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EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall SScciieenncceess
DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff AAnniimmaall GGeenneettiiccss aanndd BBrreeeeddiinngg
GENETIC BASIS OF DISEASE RESISTANCE (GBDR):
in relation to Ethiopian Indigenous cattle breeds
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JJuunnee,, 22001133

2. Biotechnology
IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
Animal health and well being have become increasingly
important issues for animal producers and consumers.
Decrease profitability of animal production (Jovanović,
2009).
Animal The development of genome resources and
technologies allow for identification of several host
resistance genes
 Pathogens are ubiquitous and have a significant impact on
their hosts’ fitness and survival ((Roger and Larry, 985).

3. IInnttrroo……
Members of a given species are not all equally susceptible
to infectious diseases
The genetic basis of variation in resistance is evident
from observations on breed differences
(Example: Indigenous VS Exotic breeds)
AAiimm:: to prepare and present about genetic bases of
disease resistance in the livestock sector.
AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy

4. TThhee ccoonncceeppttss ooff GGBBDDRR
Disease have two
directional impact,
In animals direct effect and
Cost for medication to treat
it
Works done on genetic base,
selection of disease resistance
breeds
for improvement of
production and productivity.
According to a study in
Evolution, resistance to certain
infectious diseases is inheritance
(Science Daily, 2007)
AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy

5. Biotechnology
TThhee ccoonncceeppttss…… It had indicated, diseases
rarely occur in all members
of animal populations
exposed to pathogens
(Whitelaw and Sang, 2005)
(miss all pop.)
Disease is of multifactorial
and interactive b/n
Animal two genomes (the host and
the pathogen) and
the environment.
RReessiissttaannccee ttoo ddiisseeaassee iiss
bbeeccaauussee ooff iinntteerraaccttiioonnss aanndd
nneeeedd mmuullttiippllee ggeenneess aatt
different loci.

6. Within specious goats better than
sheep for footrot fungus (FAO,
2002). Animal Biotechnology
Genetic bases of disease The concepts…
resistance varies.
Example;
Salmonella pullorum and
coccidian parasites in poultry;
Brucella suis in swine;
Virus responsible for
myxomatosis in Rabbits;
Trypanosomes and tick
infestations in cattle;
Gastrointestinal (GI)
nematodes in sheep;

7. Biotechnology
The concepts…
Resistance to pathogens
encompasses resistance due to:
Impenetrable barriers,(skin got
enzymes, acids and even helpful
Bacteria) (Bagley, 1997).
Absence of appropriate receptors
Animal for binding and penetration of
cellular membranes,
Failure to survive after entering
the host,
Inability to replicate in the host,
Killing and elimination by host
defense mechanisms

8. AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy
11)) NN''DDaammaa rreessiisstt ttrryyppaannoossoommoossiiss (Mattioli et
al., 1998; Murray et al., 1990). Because:
 genetic bases VS blood Immune system, (Mattioli
2000) serum antibody levels (Joan Lunney, 2011).
 immune proteins that are associated with anti-disease
responses (e.g., cytokines, such as anti-viral
interferons).
22)) MMaallaarriiaa VVSS ssiicckkllee cceellll aanneemmiiaa
 heterozygous sickle-cell anaemics (sickle shaped
& normal RBCs)
 the protozoan is unable to live inside the sickle
red blood cell
 due to the fibres formed from the mutation,
shorter life span (Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia.htm)

9. SSeelleeccttiioonn ooff aanniimmaallss ffoorr GGBBDDRR
From a genetic perspective, understanding the nnaattuurraall,,
iinnnnaattee, and acquired immune systems is crucial in
developing selection programs for disease resistance
(Bagley, 1997).
Exotic breeds,
High production
Low D+ resistance
Selected for breeding
based on their
resistance or
tolerance
SSiimmppllee oobbsseerrvvaattiioonnss oorr
uussiinngg ggeenneettiicc mmaarrkkeerrss
AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy
IB
Markers:
Example: Pigs
SNP chips
(Mapping and
understanding the
expression level)

10. Biotechnology
SSeelleeccttiioonn ooff aanniimmaallss……..
In dairy cattle,
Animal Ignoring disease resistance during selection may result in
lower economic returns (David Shalhevet and H. Rex
Gaskins, 1998). Selection programs to mastitis resistance, because have
correlation with production traits.
Chicken breeders,
Selection program to avian lymphoid leucosis complex
and Marek’s disease (Alison Van Eenennaam, 2012).
 Genetic selection programs aimed at iinnccrreeaassiinngg tthhee
eeccoonnoommiicc vvaalluuee

11. SSiiggnniiffiiccaannccee ooff GGBBDDRR
Enhanced disease resistance or
tolerance will lead to:
Reduced need for inputs
(especially drugs), and
Beneficial to low-input
agricultural systems in
developing countries.
Increased productivity,
specially; ddaaiirryy VVSS mmaassttiittiiss
AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy
BBuutt nnooww tthhaannkkss ffoorr bbiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy……....
ttrraannssggeennee ffoorr ddiisseeaassee rreessiissttaannccee..

12. AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy
OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess ffoorr EEtthhiiooppiiaa
Is a home of various indigenous cattle (livestock),
genetically resistance
Example: Sheko, Horro…. Fogera
Focus had better given for the breeds in hand and better
policies for implementation and monitoring strategies

13. AAnniimmaall BBiiootteecchhnnoollooggyy