Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade contaminants into less toxic or non-toxic substances. It became popular in the 21st century after Dr. Anandamohan Chakrobarty discovered that Pseudomonas putida bacteria could degrade oil spills. For effective bioremediation, certain conditions must be met including an adequate microbial population, oxygen levels, water, nutrients, temperature, and pH. There are two main types - natural bioremediation which has occurred for millions of years as microbes break down dead organic matter, and managed bioremediation where humans apply the process by controlling soil conditions to degrade contaminants.

1. BIOREMEDIATION
-A bliss of solitude to the nature

3. FATHER of BIOREMEDIATION!!
• The idea of bioremediation has become
popular from 21st century.
• After discovery of Pseudomonas putida as oil
spill degrading bacteria by Dr. Anandamohan
Chakrobarty it got a huge popularity.

4. LET’S TAKE A VENTURE OF IT!!!

5. FACTORS REGARDING
BIOREMEDIATION…
Factor Desired Conditions
Microbial population
Suitable kinds of organisms that can
biodegrade all of the contaminants
Oxygen
Enough to support
aerobic biodegradation (about 2%
oxygen in the gas phase or 0.4 mg/liter
in the soil water)
Water
Soil moisture should be from 50–70% of
the water holding capacity of the soil
Nutrients
Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other
nutrients to support good microbial
growth
Temperature
Appropriate temperatures for microbial
growth (0–40˚C)
pH Best range is from 6.5 to 7.5

6. WAYS!!!

9. NATURAL BIOREMEDIATION
• Natural bioremediation has been occurring for millions of
years. Biodegradation of dead vegetation and dead
animals is a kind of bioremediation. It is a natural part of
the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. Chemical energy
present in waste materials is used by microorganisms to
grow while they convert organic carbon and hydrogen to
carbon dioxide and water.
• Natural bioremediation has been occurring for millions of years. Biodegradation of dead vegetation and dead
animals is a kind of bioremediation. It is a natural part of the carbon, nitrogen, microorganisms to grow while they
convert organic carbon and hydrogen to carbon dioxide and water.

11. MANAGED BIOREMEDIATION
• When bioremediation is applied by people, microbial biodegradation
processes are said to be managed. However, bioremediation takes place
naturally and often it occurs prior to efforts to manage the process. One of
the first examples of managed bioremediation was land farming (refers to
the managed biodegradation of organic compounds that are distributed onto
the soil surface, fertilized, and then tilled). Many petroleum companies
have used it. High-molecular-weight organic compounds (i.e., oil sludges
and wastes) are spread onto soil and then tilled into the ground with
fertilizer, as part of the managed bioremediation process. Good conditions
for microbial biodegradation are maintained by controlling soil moisture
and soil nutrients. In 1974 R.L. Raymond was awarded a patent for the
bioremediation of gasoline. This was one of the first patents granted for a
bioremediation process.
• Since about 1980, prepared bed systems have been used for
bioremediation. In this approach, contaminated soil is excavated and
deposited with appropriate fertilizers into a shallow layer over
an impermeable base. Conditions are managed to obtain biodegradation of
the contaminants of concern.

12. COMPOSTINGCOMPOSTING
Composting has been used as a bioremediation
process for many different organic compounds. It is
widely employed to recycle nutrients in garden and
yard waste. A finished compost can be used as a soil
conditioner. Extending composting technology to new
bioremediation applications requires experiments. The
biodegradation process must be effective within the
context of existing environmental conditions, and
odors and gases that are generated by the process have
to be strictly controlled.

14. ADVANTAGES

15. BIOREMEDIATION & GREEN EARTH