•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
This ppt contains all types of Microbial Bioremediation methods . Everyone can understand clearly . Explaining with neat pictures and animation . Useful for presentation about Microbes in bioremediation . At last it contains a small animated video which helps to get clear view .
This presentation is made for S.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes Wastewater microbiology. The presentation includes information about sources as well as methods of wastewater treatment.
Micro-organisms are well known for their ability to break down a huge range of organic compounds and absorb inorganic substances. Currently, microbes are used to clean up pollution treatment in processes known as ‘bioremediation’.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation, an environmental friendly treatment methods to sustain natural environment unchanged. This is the Reliable, and cost effective application.
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
"Remediate" means to solve a problem, and "bio-remediate" means to use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater.
Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to abate or clean up contamination.
According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances”.
This ppt contains all types of Microbial Bioremediation methods . Everyone can understand clearly . Explaining with neat pictures and animation . Useful for presentation about Microbes in bioremediation . At last it contains a small animated video which helps to get clear view .
This presentation is made for S.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes Wastewater microbiology. The presentation includes information about sources as well as methods of wastewater treatment.
Micro-organisms are well known for their ability to break down a huge range of organic compounds and absorb inorganic substances. Currently, microbes are used to clean up pollution treatment in processes known as ‘bioremediation’.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation, an environmental friendly treatment methods to sustain natural environment unchanged. This is the Reliable, and cost effective application.
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
"Remediate" means to solve a problem, and "bio-remediate" means to use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater.
Bioremediation means to use a biological remedy to abate or clean up contamination.
According to the EPA, bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances”.
Bioremediation is the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site.
and today we need our environment to be clean & lovable to stay healthy and secure future.
• Bioremediation – process of cleaning up environmental sites contaminated with chemical pollutants by using living organisms to degrade hazardous materials into less toxic substances
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. Bioremediation
Definition: Use of living organisms to transform,
destroy or immobilize contaminants
Goal: Detoxification of the parent compound(s)
and conversion to products that are no longer
hazardous to human health and the environment.
3. Forms of Bioremediation
In situ Bioremediation: treating contamination at the
site often used ( less movement )
Bioventing
biodegradation
Biosparging
Bioaugmentation
Ex situ Bioremediation
Remove contamination and treat elsewhere
Land farming
Composting
Biopiles
4. Forms of Bioremediation
Phytoremediation
Phytoextraction or phytoaccumulation
Phytodegradation or phytotransformation
Phytostabilization
Rhizodegradation
Rhizofiltration
5. In Situ Bioremediation
Bioventing
One of the most common approaches in soil
Supply air and nutrients via wells
Takes advantage of indigenous microorganisms
In situ biodegradation
Supply air and nutrients by circulating aqueous solutions
through contaminated soils or groundwater
Biosparging
Injection of air below the water table increases groundwater
oxygen concentrations and mixing in saturated zone
Bioaugmentation
Addition of indigenous or exogenous microorganisms
Limits to use: competition and necessity
Biostimulation
Natural Attenuation orIntrinsic Bioremediation
8. Application of bioinventing
• Successful method for treating petroleum hydrocarbons and some
chlorinated solvents.
• Applicable in permeable soils (sand aquifers).
Limitation
• Possible limitation of nutrient.
• Change in soil moisture can affect the load-bearing capacity.
• Significant masses of contaminants in low permeability zone.
Advantage over conventional pump-and-treat approach
•
A greater ease of circulating air compared to circulating water.
• Easy transport of oxygen in air than in water.
10. Biosparging
Biosparging is an in-situ remediation
technology that uses indigenous
microorganisms to biodegrade organic
constituents in the saturated zone.
In biosparging, air (or oxygen) and nutrients (if
needed) are injected into the saturated zone to
increase the biological activity of the
indigenous microorganisms.
12. Ex situ Bioremediation
Land farming
Contaminated soil is excavated and spread over land
Soil is periodically tilled to improve aeration
Remediation due to indigenous microorganisms, as well as chemical and physical
processes
Generally limited to the superficial 10–35 cm of soil
Can reduce monitoring and maintenance costs
Composting
Combines contaminated soil with nonhazardous organic amendants (e.g. manure or
agricultural wastes)
Biopiles
Combination of landfarming and composting
Control physical losses of contaminants
Bioreactors
Soil and water pumped up from a contaminated plume and processed through an
engineered containment system
Degradation in a bioreactor is generally greater than in situ because the contained
environment is more controllable and predictable
15. Composting
Composting is not generally employed to treat
heavy metals or other inorganics,although it
may be applicable to inorganic cyanides. Other
studies have indicated that composting is
potentially effective in degrading or transforming
petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides to
environmentally acceptable or less mobile
compounds
18. A slurry bioreactor may be defined as a containment vessel and
apparatus used to create a threephase (solid, liquid, and gas)
mixing condition to hasten the biodegradation of soil-bound and
water-soluble contamination as a water slurry of the contaminated
soil, sediment, or sludge and biomass (usually indigenous
bacteria) capable of degrading targeted contaminants.
Slurry bioreactor
