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Bioremediation
Bioremediation uses living organisms like bacteria and fungi to break down pollutants. There are two types - in situ remediation which treats pollutants on site, and ex situ which treats them off site. Phytoextraction uses plants to absorb contaminants from soil or water. Essential factors for effective microbial bioremediation include microbial populations, oxygen, water, nutrients, temperature, and pH. A case study describes using oil-eating bacteria to clean an oil spill in Mumbai. Bioremediation was also used to clean Railadevi Lake in Thane, India. Limitations include the long time needed and potential food chain contamination.
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Bioremediation
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- 2. BIOREMEDIATION “Bioremediation is theuse of living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants to breakdown or degrade chemical compounds” APPLICATIONS: Degradation of hydrocarbons Degradation of industrials wastes Degradation of xenobiotics MICROBIAL REMEDIATION PHYTO REMIEDIATION
- 3. In situ Bioremediation (atthe site) Ex situ Bioremediation (away from the site) •Biosparging •Bioventing •Bioaugmentation •Landfarming •Composting
- 5. Phytoextraction 1 Phytotransformation 2 Phytostabilization 3 Phytodegradation Rhizofiltration 4 5 Term coined in1991 5 types based on the fate of contaminants
- 6. • is awater remediation technique that involves the uptake of contaminants by plant roots • used to reduce contamination in natural wetlands and estuary areas The wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix
- 7. Some plants usedin bioremediation
- 8. We can subdividethese microorganisms into the following groups: Aerobic Anaerobic Ligninolytic fungi Methylotrops Micro organism
- 9. ESSENTIAL FACTORS FORMICROBIAL BIOREMEDIATION Factor Desired Conditions Microbial population Suitable kinds of organisms that can biodegrade all of the contaminants Oxygen Enough to support aerobic biodegradation (about 2% oxygen in the gas phase or 0.4 mg/liter in the soil water) Water Soil moisture should be from 50–70% of the water holding capacity of the soil Nutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other nutrients to support good microbial growth Temperature Appropriate temperatures for microbial growth (0–40˚C) pH Best range is from 6.5 to 7.5
- 11. Case Study • Thereis a new technique developed by TERI(The Energy and Resource Institute, Govt of India) to clean the oil spill by using a bacteria.This process Oil zapping is used for bio-remediation process.It was most recently used to clean oil spill at Mumbai shore.There was a oil spill happened there in August 2010.There was collision between a cargo and merchant ship resulting in 400 tons of oil leaked in the sea.
- 12. A project relatingto cleaning of Railadevi Lake in Thane District in Maharashtra using bio-remediation technique has been sponsored to Thane Municipal Corporation. Bio-remediation of Railadevi Lake in Thane, Maharashtra
- 13. long duration oftime for remediation potential contamination of the vegetation and food chain difficulty establishing and maintaining vegetation at some sites with high toxic levels
- 14. As per theHazardous Wastes (M&H) Rules, 1989 and 2000, all hazardous wastes are required to be treated and disposed off in the manner prescribed. In the absence of common disposal facilities in the country, permission has been granted to the hazardous waste generating units in the small scale sector, for storing their wastes temporarily in a secure, lined pit/facility within their premises.
- 15. The scheme for“Registration of Recyclers/Reprocessors of Wastes as Actual Users having Environmentally Sound Management facilities” initiated in 1999, was continued during the year and two meetings of the Registration Committee were held. A total of 130 proposals were considered in these meetings. As on date, 234 units have been registered with the Ministry, out of which 78 are used/waste oil reprocessors, 71 are lead scrap processing units while the remaining 83 are non-ferrous metal waste processing units.